1
|
Lan T, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhu Z, Wang L, Mao X, Li Y, Fan C, Wang W, Yu SY. Agomelatine rescues lipopolysaccharide-induced neural injury and depression-like behaviors via suppression of the Gαi-2-PKA-ASK1 signaling pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:117. [PMID: 35610704 PMCID: PMC9131561 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agomelatine has been shown to be effective in the treatment of depression, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effects have yet to be elucidated. Identification of these molecular mechanisms would not only offer new insights into the basis for depression but also provide the foundation for the development of novel treatments for this disorder. METHODS Intraperitoneal injection of LPS was used to induce depression-like behaviors in rats. The interactions of the 5-HT2C reporter and Gαi-2 were verified by immunoprecipitation or immunofluorescence assay. Inflammatory related proteins, autophagy related proteins and apoptosis markers were verified by immunoblotting or immunofluorescence assay. Finally, electron microscopy analysis was used to observe the synapse and ultrastructural pathology. RESULTS Here, we found that the capacity for agomelatine to ameliorate depression and anxiety in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat model of depression was associated with an alleviation of neuroinflammation, abnormal autophagy and neuronal apoptosis as well as the promotion of neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region of these rats. We also found that the 5-HT2C receptor is coupled with G alphai (2) (Gαi-2) protein within hippocampal neurons and, agomelatine, acting as a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist, can up-regulate activity of the Gαi-2-cAMP-PKA pathway. Such events then suppress activation of the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) pathway, a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family involved in pathological processes of many diseases. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that agomelatine plays a neuroprotective role in regulating neuroinflammation, autophagy disorder and apoptosis in this LPS-induced rat model of depression, effects which are associated with the display of antidepressant behaviors. These findings provide evidence for some of the potential mechanisms for the antidepressant effects of agomelatine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhan Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulei Zhang
- Jinan International Travel Healthcare Center, Wenhuadonglu Road 62#, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhan Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanpeng Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Wang
- Morphological Experimental Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueqin Mao
- Department of Psychology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuiqin Fan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Yan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, 44 Wenhuaxilu Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang J, Zhou J, Wang C, Fukunaga A, Li S, Yodoi J, Tian H. Thioredoxin-1: A Promising Target for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:883116. [PMID: 35572600 PMCID: PMC9095844 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.883116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is an important regulator of cellular redox homeostasis that comprises a redox-active dithiol. Trx1 is induced in response to various stress conditions, such as oxidative damage, infection or inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, irradiation, and chemical exposure. It has shown excellent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in the treatment of various human inflammatory disorders in animal models. This review focused on the protective roles and mechanisms of Trx1 in allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma, contact dermatitis, food allergies, allergic rhinitis, and drug allergies. Trx1 plays an important role in allergic diseases through processes, such as antioxidation, inhibiting macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), regulating Th1/Th2 immune balance, modulating allergic inflammatory cells, and suppressing complement activation. The regulatory mechanism of Trx1 differs from that of glucocorticoids that regulates the inflammatory reactions associated with immune response suppression. Furthermore, Trx1 exerts a beneficial effect on glucocorticoid resistance of allergic inflammation by inhibiting the production and internalization of MIF. Our results suggest that Trx1 has the potential for future success in translational research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinquan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiedong Zhou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Cuixue Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shujing Li
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China
| | - Junji Yodoi
- Laboratory of Infection and Prevention, Department of Biological Response, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hai Tian
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, China.,Department of Research and Development, Jiaozhimei Biotechnology (Shaoxing) Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Awan MUN, Yan F, Mahmood F, Bai L, Liu J, Bai J. The Functions of Thioredoxin 1 in Neurodegeneration. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:1023-1036. [PMID: 34465198 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) is a ubiquitous protein that is found in organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Trx1 acts as reductases in redox regulation and protects proteins from oxidative aggregation and inactivation. Trx1 helps the cells to cope with various environmental stresses and inhibits programmed cell death. It is beneficial to neuroregeneration and resistance against oxidative stress-associated neuron damage. Trx1 also plays important roles in suppressing neurodegenerative disorders. Recent Advances: Trx1 is a redox regulating protein involved in neuronal protection. According to a previous study, Trx1 expression is increased by nerve growth factor (NGF) and necessary for neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Trx1 has been shown to promote the growth of neurons. Trx1 knockout or knockdown has the worse impact on cell viability and survival. Critical Issues: Trx1 has functions in central nervous system. Trx1 plays the defensive roles against oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases. Future Directions: In this review, we focus on the structure of Trx1 and basic functions of Trx1. Trx1 plays a neuroprotective role by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress in Parkinson's disease. Neurodegenerative diseases have no cure and carry a high cost to the health care system and patient's families. Trx1 may be taken as a new target for neurodegenerative disorder therapy. Further studies of the Trx1 roles and mechanisms on neurodegenerative diseases are needed. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 1023-1036.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maher Un Nisa Awan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Faisal Mahmood
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Liping Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li X, Liao A, Dong Y, Hou Y, Pan L, Li C, Zheng S, Yuan Y, Zhang J, Huang J. In vitro dynamic digestion and antifatigue effects of wheat germ albumin. Food Funct 2022; 13:2559-2569. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03355g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Wheat germ protein including wheat germ albumin (WGA) demonstrated extensive biological activities. In vitro dynamic digestion of was carried out under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Antifatigue effects of WGA were evaluated...
Collapse
|
5
|
Meng Z, Chen H, Deng C, Meng S. Potential cellular endocrinology mechanisms underlying the effects of Chinese herbal medicine therapy on asthma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:916328. [PMID: 36051395 PMCID: PMC9424672 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.916328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a complex syndrome with polygenetic tendency and multiple phenotypes, which has variable expiratory airflow limitation and respiratory symptoms that vary over time and in intensity. In recent years, continuous industrial development has seriously impacted the climate and air quality at a global scale. It has been verified that climate change can induce asthma in predisposed individuals and that atmospheric pollution can exacerbate asthma severity. At present, a subset of patients is resistant to the drug therapy for asthma. Hence, it is urgent to find new ideas for asthma prevention and treatment. In this review, we discuss the prescription, composition, formulation, and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine monomer, traditional Chinese medicine monomer complex, single herbs, and traditional Chinese patent medicine in the treatment of asthma. We also discuss the effects of Chinese herbal medicine on asthma from the perspective of cellular endocrinology in the past decade, emphasizing on the roles as intracellular and extracellular messengers of three substances-hormones, substances secreted by pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, and neuroendocrine-related signaling protein-which provide the theoretical basis for clinical application and new drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Meng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Huize Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chujun Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxi Meng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shengxi Meng,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
New Therapeutic Insight into the Effect of Ma Huang Tang on Blood Pressure and Renal Dysfunction in the L-NAME-Induced Hypertension. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9980429. [PMID: 34335852 PMCID: PMC8294972 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9980429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the effect of a traditional herbal formula, Ma Huang Tang (MHT), on blood pressure and vasodilation in a rat model of NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methylester- (L-NAME-) induced hypertension. We found that MHT-induced vascular relaxation in a dose-dependent manner in rat aortas pretreated with phenylephrine. However, pretreatment of endothelium-intact aortic rings with L‐NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis (NOS), or 1H‐[1, 2, 4]‐oxadiazole‐[4, 3‐α]‐quinoxalin‐1‐one (ODQ), an inhibitor of soluble guanylyl cyclase, significantly abolished vascular relaxation induced by MHT. MHT also increased the production of guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) in the aortic rings pretreated with L-NAME or ODQ. To examine the in vivo effects of MHT, Sprague Dawley rats were treated with 40 mg/kg/day L-NAME for 3 weeks, followed by administration of 50 or 100 mg/kg/day MHT for 2 weeks. MHT was found to significantly normalize systolic blood pressure and decreased intima-media thickness in aortic sections of rats treated with L-NAME compared to that of rats treated with L-NAME alone. MHT also restored the L-NAME-induced decrease in vasorelaxation response to acetylcholine and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression. Furthermore, MHT promoted the recovery of renal function, as indicated by osmolality, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, and creatinine clearance. These results suggest that MHT-induced relaxation in the thoracic aorta is associated with activation of the nitric oxide/cGMP pathway. Furthermore, it provides new therapeutic insights into the regulation of blood pressure and renal function in hypertensive patients.
Collapse
|
7
|
Xie Q, Sun Y, Cao L, Chen L, Chen J, Cheng X, Wang C. Antifatigue and antihypoxia activities of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides from Codonopsis pilosula in mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:6352-6362. [PMID: 32608442 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00468e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Codonopsis pilosula is a traditional Chinese medicine and food supplement that is widely used in China. This study aimed to investigate the antifatigue and antihypoxia activities of different extracts and fractions from C. pilosula, including ethanol extract (ETH), water extract (WAT), polysaccharides (POL), inulin (INU) and oligosaccharides (OLI). Different extracts and fractions were orally administered to mice at the doses of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g kg-1 once a day for 21 days. Antifatigue activity was assessed through the weight-loaded swimming test on the 21st day, and antihypoxia activity was evaluated through the normobarie hypoxia test on the following day. Finally, biochemical parameters, such as liver glycogen (LG), muscle glycogen (MG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) levels, were determined. The results showed that, compared with the control treatment, only POL treatment significantly prolonged the swimming time of the mice. POL groups had the strongest hypoxia tolerance, followed by the OLI and WAT groups. The levels of LG and MG were significantly increased by treatment with POL at the doses of 0.5 and 1.0 g kg-1, whereas BUN and LDH levels in POL groups were significantly lower than those in the control group. MDA under POL and OLI treatment was significantly lower than that under the control treatment. In addition, treatments with POL and OLI, except for treatment with a low dose of OLI, significantly increased GSH levels. In conclusion, POL could efficiently enhance antifatigue and antihypoxia abilities by increasing energy resources, decreasing detrimental metabolite accumulation, and enhancing antioxidant activity. OLI could improve antihypoxia activity by preventing lipid peroxidation and enhancing antioxidant activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xie
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yuting Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lanlan Cao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Liangni Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Center for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stohs SJ, Shara M, Ray SD. p-Synephrine, ephedrine, p-octopamine and m-synephrine: Comparative mechanistic, physiological and pharmacological properties. Phytother Res 2020; 34:1838-1846. [PMID: 32101364 PMCID: PMC7496387 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Confusion and misunderstanding exist regarding the lack of cardiovascular and other adverse health effects of p-synephrine and p-octopamine relative to ephedrine and m-synephrine (phenylephrine) which are known for their effects on the cardiovascular system. These four molecules have some structural similarities. However, the structural and stereochemical differences of p-synephrine and p-octopamine as related to ephedrine and m-synephrine result in markedly different adrenergic receptor binding characteristics as well as other mechanistic differences which are reviewed. p-Synephrine and p-octopamine exhibit little binding to α-1, α-2, β-1 and β-2 adrenergic receptors, nor are they known to exhibit indirect actions leading to an increase in available levels of endogenous norepinephrine and epinephrine at commonly used doses. The relative absence of these mechanistic actions provides an explanation for their lack of production of cardiovascular effects at commonly used oral doses as compared to ephedrine and m-synephrine. As a consequence, the effects of ephedrine and m-synephrine cannot be directly extrapolated to p-synephrine and p-octopamine which exhibit significantly different pharmacokinetic, and physiological/pharmacological properties. These conclusions are supported by human, animal and in vitro studies that are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sidney J Stohs
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska.,Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, Kitsto Consulting LLC, Frisco, Texas
| | - Mohd Shara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim MH, Leem YH. Neurogenic effect of exercise via the thioredoxin-1/ extracellular regulated kinase/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated by β2-adrenergic receptors in chronically stressed dentate gyrus. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2019; 23:13-21. [PMID: 31743979 PMCID: PMC6823649 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2019.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
10
|
Treadmill exercise restores high fat diet-induced disturbance of hippocampal neurogenesis through β2-adrenergic receptor-dependent induction of thioredoxin-1 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Brain Res 2018; 1707:154-163. [PMID: 30496734 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to induce metabolic disturbances that may lead to cognitive impairment. In the present study, we investigated whether a regular treadmill exercise program would improve HFD-induced hippocampal-dependent memory deficits in C57BL/6 mice. Weight gain and hepatic triglyceride levels were profoundly elevated following administration of a 60% HFD for 23 weeks, and this change was attenuated by 23-weeks of treadmill running. The exercise regimen attenuated impairments in memory function of HFD-fed mice in a water maze test and recovered HFD-induced anti-neurogenic effects as shown by immunohistochemistry data with Ki-67 and doublecortin (DCX) antibodies. Moreover, the treadmill exercise resulted in anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective effects in the HFD-fed brain. The exercise inhibited HFD-induced microglial activation, expression of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β), and NF-κB activity in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. In addition, the exercise reduced malondialdehyde levels elevated by HFD and recovered antioxidant superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels in hippocampal DG of HFD-mice. The exercise also reduced the number of apoptotic cells induced by HFD, as shown by TUNEL staining in the DG region. Finally, we demonstrated that the thioredoxin-1 (TRX-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were recovered by exercise, which was demonstrated to act via β2-adrenergic receptor enriched in synaptosomes of the DG. Therefore, our data collectively suggests that regular exercise may be a promising approach to preventing HFD-induced memory impairments via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective mechanisms in the hippocampal DG region.
Collapse
|
11
|
The Role of Thioredoxin-1 in Suppression Sepsis Through Inhibiting Mitochondrial-Induced Apoptosis in Spleen. Shock 2018; 47:753-758. [PMID: 28505020 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a serious public health issue and the leading cause of death in critically ill patients in intensive care units. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a protein of regulating redox, as well as a modulator of inflammation and apoptosis. Our previous study reported that Trx-1 decreased endoplasmic reticulum-mediated inflammation involved in lung in a model of experimental sepsis. However, its effect on mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in spleen has not been reported. We studied whether Trx-1 could prevent spleen cells apoptosis in sepsis. In the present study, we showed that the apoptosis in spleen was decreased in sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in Trx-1 overexpression transgenic (Tg) mice compared with wild-type mice. Colony forming units in the peritoneal cavity and the level of procalcitonin in plasma were significantly decreased in Trx-1 Tg mice 12 h after CLP. The expressions of c-jun-N-terminal kinase, Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were increased in spleen, which were suppressed in Trx-1 Tg mice. However, the decreased Bcl-2 expression in sepsis was recovered in Trx-1 Tg mice. Our results suggest that overexpression of Trx-1 provides protection against sepsis through suppressing mitochondria-induced apoptosis pathway in spleen. This study may provide a new target for clinical intervention, as well potential strategies for treatment of sepsis.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang M, Schiffers P, Janssen G, Vrolijk M, Vangrieken P, Haenen GR. The cardiovascular side effects of Ma Huang due to its use in isolation in the Western world. Eur J Integr Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
13
|
Liu G, Wang P, Li C, Wang J, Sun Z, Zhao X, Zheng X. Confirming therapeutic target of protopine using immobilized β 2 -adrenoceptor coupled with site-directed molecular docking and the target-drug interaction by frontal analysis and injection amount-dependent method. J Mol Recognit 2017; 30. [PMID: 28124461 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Drug-protein interaction analysis is pregnant in designing new leads during drug discovery. We prepared the stationary phase containing immobilized β2 -adrenoceptor (β2 -AR) by linkage of the receptor on macroporous silica gel surface through N,N'-carbonyldiimidazole method. The stationary phase was applied in identifying antiasthmatic target of protopine guided by the prediction of site-directed molecular docking. Subsequent application of immobilized β2 -AR in exploring the binding of protopine to the receptor was realized by frontal analysis and injection amount-dependent method. The association constants of protopine to β2 -AR by the 2 methods were (1.00 ± 0.06) × 105 M-1 and (1.52 ± 0.14) × 104 M-1 . The numbers of binding sites were (1.23 ± 0.07) × 10-7 M and (9.09 ± 0.06) × 10-7 M, respectively. These results indicated that β2 -AR is the specific target for therapeutic action of protopine in vivo. The target-drug binding occurred on Ser169 in crystal structure of the receptor. Compared with frontal analysis, injection amount-dependent method is advantageous to drug saving, improvement of sampling efficiency, and performing speed. It has grave potential in high-throughput drug-receptor interaction analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chan Li
- Drug Certificate Center, Shaanxi Food and Drug Administration, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhenyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jia JJ, Zeng XS, Li K, Ma LF, Chen L, Song XQ. The expression of thioredoxin-1 in acute epinephrine stressed mice. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:935-41. [PMID: 27511023 PMCID: PMC5003811 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0722-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress, a state of perceived threat to homeostasis, regulates a panel of important physiological functions. The human mind and body respond to stress by activating the sympathetic nervous system and secreting the catecholamines epinephrine and norepinephrine in the "fight-or-flight" response. However, the protective mechanism of acute stress is still unknown. In the present study, an acute stress mouse model was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of epinephrine (0.2 mg kg(-1)) for 4 h. Epinephrine treatment induced heat shock 70(Hsp70) expression in the stress responsive tissues, such as the cortex, hippocampus, thymus, and kidney. Further, the expression of thioredoxin-1(Trx-1), a cytoprotective protein, was also upregulated in these stress responsive tissues. In addition, the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor of Trx-1, was increased after treatment with epinephrine. The block of CREB activation by H89 inhibited the acute epinephrine stress-induced Trx-1 and Hsp70 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that acute stimuli of epinephrine induced Trx-1 expression through activating CREB and may represent a protective role against stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Jia
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
- Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Xian-Si Zeng
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China.
| | - Kun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Li-Fang Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Song
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang D, Park JA, Kim SK, Cho SH, Jeong D, Cho SM, Yi H, Shim JH, Kim JS, Abd El-Aty AM, Shin HC. Simultaneous detection of flumethasone, dl-methylephedrine, and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in porcine muscle and pasteurized cow milk using liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1012-1013:8-16. [PMID: 26797492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A simple analytical method based on liquid chromatography coupled with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry was developed for detection of the veterinary drugs flumethasone, dl-methylephedrine, and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine in porcine muscle and pasteurized cow milk. The target drugs were extracted from samples using 10mM ammonium formate in acetonitrile followed by clean-up with n-hexane and primary secondary amine sorbent (PSA). The analytes were separated on an XBridge™ hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column using 10mM ammonium formate in ultrapure water and acetonitrile. Good linearity was achieved over the tested concentrations in matrix-fortified calibrations with correlation coefficients (R(2))≥0.9686. Recovery at two spiking levels ranged between 73.62-112.70% with intra- and inter-day precisions of ≤20.33%. The limits of quantification ranged from 2-10ng/g in porcine muscle and pasteurized cow milk. A survey of market samples showed that none of them contained any of the target analytes. Liquid-liquid purification using n-hexane in combination with PSA efficiently removed the interferences during porcine and milk sample extraction. The developed method is sensitive and reliable for detection of the three target drugs in a single chromatographic run. Furthermore, it exhibits high selectivity and low quantification limits for animal-derived food products destined for human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-A Park
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Daun Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Min Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Shim
- Biotechnology Research Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, 300 Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suk Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ho-Chul Shin
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
García-Carmona JA, Camejo DM, Almela P, Jiménez A, Milanés MV, Sevilla F, Laorden ML. CP-154,526 Modifies CREB Phosphorylation and Thioredoxin-1 Expression in the Dentate Gyrus following Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136164. [PMID: 26313266 PMCID: PMC4551807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) acts as neuro-regulator of the behavioral and emotional integration of environmental and endogenous stimuli associated with drug dependence. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a functional protein controlling the redox status of several proteins, which is involved in addictive processes. In the present study, we have evaluated the role of CRF1 receptor (CRF1R) in the rewarding properties of morphine by using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. We also investigate the effects of the CRF1R antagonist, CP-154,526, on the morphine CPP-induced activation of CRF neurons, CREB phosphorylation and Trx expression in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and dentate gyrus (DG) of the mice brain. CP-154,526 abolished the acquisition of morphine CPP and the increase of CRF/pCREB positive neurons in PVN. Moreover, this CRF1R antagonist prevented morphine-induced CRF-immunoreactive fibers in DG, as well as the increase in pCREB expression in both the PVN and DG. In addition, morphine exposure induced an increase in Trx-1 expression in DG without any alterations in PVN. We also observed that the majority of pCREB positive neurons in DG co-expressed Trx-1, suggesting that Trx-1 could activate CREB in the DG, a brain region involved in memory consolidation. Altogether, these results support the idea that CRF1R antagonist blocked Trx-1 expression and pCREB/Trx-1 co-localization, indicating a critical role of CRF, through CRF1R, in molecular changes involved in morphine associated behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daymi M. Camejo
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Almela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Francisca Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - María-Luisa Laorden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jia JJ, Zeng XS, Yang LH, Bai J. The epinephrine increases tyrosine hydroxylase expression through upregulating thioredoxin-1 in PC12 cells. Biochimie 2015; 115:52-8. [PMID: 25957836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Epinephrine is a stress hormone which is sharply increased in response to acute stress and is continuously elevated during persistent stress. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx-1) is a redox regulating protein and is induced under various stresses. Our previous study has shown that epinephrine induces the expression of Trx-1. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the major rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis in response to stress. However, how TH is regulated by epinephrine is still unknown. In the present study, we found that epinephrine increased the expression of TH in a dose- and time-dependent manner in PC12 cells, which was inhibited by propranolol (β-adrenergic receptor inhibitor), but not by phenoxybenzamine (α-adrenergic receptor inhibitor). The increase of TH was also inhibited by SQ22536 (adenylyl cyclase inhibitor), H-89(PKA inhibitor) and LY294002 (phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase inhibitor). More importantly, overexpression of Trx-1 significantly enhanced the expression of TH, while Trx-1 siRNA suppressed TH expression induced by epinephrine. These results suggest that Trx-1 is involved in TH expression induced by epinephrine in PC12 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jing Jia
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xian-Si Zeng
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Hua Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tran S, Nowicki M, Muraleetharan A, Gerlai R. Differential effects of dopamine D1 and D 2/3 receptor antagonism on motor responses. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:795-806. [PMID: 25134500 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3713-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The zebrafish dopaminergic system is thought to be evolutionarily conserved and may be amenable to pharmacological manipulation using drugs developed for mammalian receptors. However, only few studies have examined the role of specific receptor subtypes in behaviour of adult zebrafish. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study are to determine the translational relevance of the zebrafish and examine the psychopharmacology of specific dopamine receptors in this species. METHODS Using a behavioural pharmacological approach, we examine the effect of D1 and D2/3 receptor antagonisms on motor patterns of adult zebrafish during acute drug exposure and withdrawal. RESULTS Acute exposure to SCH-23390 (D1 receptor antagonist) decreased total distance travelled in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to amisulpride (D2/3 receptor antagonist) induced a biphasic dose-response in total distance travelled and in angular velocity. The results provide support for the existence of structurally and functionally conserved postsynaptic D1 and D2 receptors, as well as presynaptic D2 autoreceptors in the zebrafish brain. The behavioural effects of the employed antagonists did not persist following 30 min of withdrawal. CONCLUSION The results suggest that zebrafish, a cheaper and simpler model organism compared to the rat and the mouse, may be an efficient translationally relevant tool for the analysis of the psychopharmacology of receptors of the vertebrate dopaminergic system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tran
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Rm 1022D, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Bredholt T, Ersvær E, Erikstein BS, Sulen A, Reikvam H, Aarstad HJ, Johannessen AC, Vintermyr OK, Bruserud Ø, Gjertsen BT. Distinct single cell signal transduction signatures in leukocyte subsets stimulated with khat extract, amphetamine-like cathinone, cathine or norephedrine. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 14:35. [PMID: 23845085 PMCID: PMC3733921 DOI: 10.1186/2050-6511-14-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amphetamine and amphetamine derivatives are suggested to induce an immunosuppressive effect. However, knowledge of how amphetamines modulate intracellular signaling pathways in cells of the immune system is limited. We have studied phosphorylation of signal transduction proteins (Akt, CREB, ERK1/2, NF-κB, c-Cbl, STAT1/3/5/6) and stress sensors (p38 MAPK, p53) in human leukocyte subsets following in vitro treatment with the natural amphetamine cathinone, the cathinone derivatives cathine and norephedrine, in comparison with a defined extract of the psychostimulating herb khat (Catha edulis Forsk.). Intracellular protein modifications in single cells were studied using immunostaining and flow cytometry, cell viability was determined by Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide staining, and T-lymphocyte proliferation was measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Results Cathinone, cathine and norephedrine generally reduced post-translational modifications of intracellular signal transducers in T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, natural killer cells and monocytes, most prominently affecting c-Cbl (pTyr700), ERK1/2 (p-Thr202/p-Tyr204), p38 MAPK (p-Thr180/p-Tyr182) and p53 (both total p53 protein and p-Ser15). In contrast, the botanical khat-extract induced protein phosphorylation of STAT1 (p-Tyr701), STAT6 (p-Tyr641), c-Cbl (pTyr700), ERK1/2 (p-Thr202/p-Tyr204), NF-κB (p-Ser529), Akt (p-Ser473), p38 MAPK (p-Thr180/p-Tyr182), p53 (Ser15) as well as total p53 protein. Cathinone, cathine and norephedrine resulted in unique signaling profiles, with B-lymphocytes and natural killer cells more responsive compared to T-lymphocytes and monocytes. Treatment with norephedrine resulted in significantly increased T-lymphocyte proliferation, whereas khat-extract reduced proliferation and induced cell death. Conclusions Single-cell signal transduction analyses of leukocytes distinctively discriminated between stimulation with cathinone and the structurally similar derivatives cathine and norephedrine. Cathinone, cathine and norephedrine reduced phosphorylation of c-Cbl, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and p53(Ser15), and norephedrine induced T-lymphocyte proliferation. Khat-extract induced protein phosphorylation of signal transducers, p38 MAPK and p53, followed by reduced cell proliferation and cell death. This study suggests that protein modification-specific single-cell analysis of immune cells could unravel pharmacologic effects of amphetamines and amphetamine-like agents, and further could represent a valuable tool in elucidation of mechanism(s) of action of complex botanical extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Bredholt
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|