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Gibson A, Ragoonanan D, Tewari P, Petropoulos D, Rodriguez N, DiNardo C, Mahadeo KM, Khazal S. Non-myeloablative umbilical cord blood transplantation for atypical dyskeratosis congenita. Pediatr Transplant 2022; 26:e14157. [PMID: 34626046 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short telomere syndrome (STS) in children may result in phenotypically heterogenous clinical spectrum ranging from completely asymptomatic to typical dyskeratosis congenita (DC). Patients with this cancer predisposition syndrome may have multiple organ dysfunctions including pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and bone marrow failure. Not all mutations in telomerase or telomere genes have been identified, and STS may pose a diagnostic and management challenge. METHODS A retrospective chart review and literature search were done for this report. RESULTS Here, we report a case of atypical DC with a heterozygous germline missense mutation in the postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2) gene, exon 5, (c.466A>G (p. Thr156Ala)). The PMS2 (a mismatch repair protein) gene is known to be an important mediator of telomere-induced aging. The patient was transfusion dependent and underwent successful umbilical cord blood transplant using a non-myeloablative regimen with alemtuzumab, fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and total body irradiation. CONCLUSION In this case of atypical DC with a previously unreported germline missense mutation in PMS2, the patient was successfully treated with an umbilical cord blood transplant with a non-myeloablative regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Gibson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dristhi Ragoonanan
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Priti Tewari
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, CARTOX Program, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Demetrios Petropoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, CARTOX Program, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Nidra Rodriguez
- Division of Hematology, Department of Pediatrics, Mc Govern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Courtney DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kris M Mahadeo
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, CARTOX Program, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sajad Khazal
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, CARTOX Program, Children's Cancer Hospital, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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2
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Shen C, He Y, Chen Q, Feng H, Williams TM, Lu Y, He Z. Narrative review of emerging roles for AKT-mTOR signaling in cancer radioimmunotherapy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1596. [PMID: 34790802 PMCID: PMC8576660 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize the roles of AKT-mTOR signaling in the regulation of the DNA damage response and PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, and propose a novel strategy of targeting AKT-mTOR signaling in combination with radioimmunotherapy in the era of cancer immunotherapy. BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has greatly improved the clinical outcomes of many cancer patients and has changed the landscape of cancer patient management. However, only a small subgroup of cancer patients (~20-30%) benefit from immune checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapy. The current challenge is to find biomarkers to predict the response of patients to immunotherapy and strategies to sensitize patients to immunotherapy. METHODS Search and review the literature which were published in PUBMED from 2000-2021 with the key words mTOR, AKT, drug resistance, DNA damage response, immunotherapy, PD-L1, DNA repair, radioimmunotherapy. CONCLUSIONS More than 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy during their course of treatment. Radiotherapy has been shown to reduce the growth of locally irradiated tumors as well as metastatic non-irradiated tumors (abscopal effects) by affecting systemic immunity. Consistently, immunotherapy has been demonstrated to enhance radiotherapy with more than one hundred clinical trials of radiation in combination with immunotherapy (radioimmunotherapy) across cancer types. Nevertheless, current available data have shown limited efficacy of trials testing radioimmunotherapy. AKT-mTOR signaling is a major tumor growth-promoting pathway and is upregulated in most cancers. AKT-mTOR signaling is activated by growth factors as well as genotoxic stresses including radiotherapy. Importantly, recent advances have shown that AKT-mTOR is one of the main signaling pathways that regulate DNA damage repair as well as PD-L1 levels in cancers. These recent advances clearly suggest a novel cancer therapy strategy by targeting AKT-mTOR signaling in combination with radioimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxian Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuqi He
- Monash School of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Terence M. Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yuanzhi Lu
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfu He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Effects of a Novel Thiadiazole Derivative with High Anticancer Activity on Cancer Cell Immunogenic Markers: Mismatch Repair System, PD-L1 Expression, and Tumor Mutation Burden. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060885. [PMID: 34203761 PMCID: PMC8232699 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutation burden (TMB), and programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are particularly known as immunotherapy predictive biomarkers. MSI and TMB are closely related to DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway functionality, while the PD-L1 checkpoint mediates cancer cell evasion from immune surveillance via the PD-L1/PD-1 axis. Among all the novel triazolo[3,4-b]thiadiazole derivatives, the compound KA39 emerged as the most potent anticancer agent. In the present study, potential alterations in MSI, TMB, and/or PD-L1 expression upon cell treatment with KA39 are explored. We tested three MMR-deficient (DLD-1, LS174T, and DU-145) and two MMR-proficient (HT-29 and PC-3) human cancer cell lines. Our findings support KA39-induced PD-L1 overexpression in all cancer cell lines, although the most outstanding increase was observed in MMR-proficient HT-29 cells. MSI analysis showed that KA39 affects the MMR system, impairing its recognition or repair activity, particularly in MMR-deficient DLD-1 and DU-145 cells, enhancing oligonucleotide production. There were no remarkable alterations in the TMB between untreated and treated cells, indicating that KA39 does not belong to mutagenic agents. Taking together the significant in vitro anticancer activity with PD-L1 upregulation and MSI increase, KA39 should be investigated further for its implication in chemo-immunotherapy of cancer.
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4
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AKT inhibition impairs PCNA ubiquitylation and triggers synthetic lethality in homologous recombination-deficient cells submitted to replication stress. Oncogene 2019; 38:4310-4324. [PMID: 30705406 PMCID: PMC6756059 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0724-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and homologous recombination (HR) cooperate during S-phase to safeguard replication forks integrity. Thus, the inhibition of TLS becomes a promising point of therapeutic intervention in HR-deficient cancers, where TLS impairment might trigger synthetic lethality (SL). The main limitation to test this hypothesis is the current lack of selective pharmacological inhibitors of TLS. Herein, we developed a miniaturized screening assay to identify inhibitors of PCNA ubiquitylation, a key post-translational modification required for efficient TLS activation. After screening a library of 627 kinase inhibitors, we found that targeting the pro-survival kinase AKT leads to strong impairment of PCNA ubiquitylation. Mechanistically, we found that AKT-mediated modulation of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) ubiquitylation after UV requires the upstream activity of DNA PKcs, without affecting PCNA ubiquitylation levels in unperturbed cells. Moreover, we confirmed that persistent AKT inhibition blocks the recruitment of TLS polymerases to sites of DNA damage and impairs DNA replication forks processivity after UV irradiation, leading to increased DNA replication stress and cell death. Remarkably, when we compared the differential survival of HR-proficient vs HR-deficient cells, we found that the combination of UV irradiation and AKT inhibition leads to robust SL induction in HR-deficient cells. We link this phenotype to AKT ability to inhibit PCNA ubiquitylation, since the targeted knockdown of PCNA E3-ligase (RAD18) and a non-ubiquitylable (PCNA K164R) knock-in model recapitulate the observed SL induction. Collectively, this work identifies AKT as a novel regulator of PCNA ubiquitylation and provides the proof-of-concept of inhibiting TLS as a therapeutic approach to selectively kill HR-deficient cells submitted to replication stress.
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Weßbecher IM, Hinrichsen I, Funke S, Oellerich T, Plotz G, Zeuzem S, Grus FH, Biondi RM, Brieger A. DNA mismatch repair activity of MutLα is regulated by CK2-dependent phosphorylation of MLH1 (S477). Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1723-1734. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel M. Weßbecher
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Inga Hinrichsen
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Sebastian Funke
- Department of Ophthalmology; Experimental Ophthalmology; University Medical Center; Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- Department of Medicine II, Hematology/Oncology; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Guido Plotz
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
| | - Franz H. Grus
- Department of Ophthalmology; Experimental Ophthalmology; University Medical Center; Gutenberg University; Mainz Germany
| | - Ricardo M. Biondi
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)-CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Angela Brieger
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; Goethe-University; Frankfurt Germany
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6
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Sun S, Zhao S, Yang Q, Wang W, Cai E, Wen Y, Yu L, Wang Z, Cai J. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 promotes cisplatin resistance by reducing cellular platinum accumulation. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1853-1864. [PMID: 29630768 PMCID: PMC5989839 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), which is overexpressed in a wide range of tumors, contributes to ovarian cancer malignancy in several different ways. We aimed to illustrate the role of EZH2 in ovarian cancer cisplatin resistance and to identify possible underlying mechanisms of this role that may provide a rationale for targeting EZH2 in cancer treatment. Here, we present data indicating that EZH2 overexpression is associated with cisplatin resistance and intracellular platinum drug accumulation. Measurements of EZH2 in 84 ovarian cancer patients suggested that patients with high EZH2 levels tend to have poor responses to cisplatin. The EZH2 level progressively increased in cells receiving repeated cisplatin exposure. Downregulation of EZH2 not only sensitized cellular reactions to cisplatin and increased cellular platinum accumulation when cells were exposed to both cisplatin and BODIPY-Pt (a fluorescent cisplatin complex) but also protected copper transporter 1, a high-affinity copper transporter closely related to cisplatin resistance, from cisplatin-induced proteasomal degradation. Overall, these findings identify a new mechanism that expands the unrecognized role of EZH2 in ovarian cancer cisplatin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Simei Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenwen Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - E Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lili Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Hinrichsen I, Weßbecher IM, Huhn M, Passmann S, Zeuzem S, Plotz G, Biondi RM, Brieger A. Phosphorylation-dependent signaling controls degradation of DNA mismatch repair protein PMS2. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:2663-2668. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Hinrichsen
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; University Clinic Frankfurt; Frankfurt a.M. Germany
| | - Isabel M. Weßbecher
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; University Clinic Frankfurt; Frankfurt a.M. Germany
| | - Meik Huhn
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; University Clinic Frankfurt; Frankfurt a.M. Germany
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University Clinic Frankfurt; Frankfurt a.M. Germany
| | - Sandra Passmann
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; University Clinic Frankfurt; Frankfurt a.M. Germany
| | - Stefan Zeuzem
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; University Clinic Frankfurt; Frankfurt a.M. Germany
| | - Guido Plotz
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; University Clinic Frankfurt; Frankfurt a.M. Germany
| | - Ricardo M. Biondi
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; University Clinic Frankfurt; Frankfurt a.M. Germany
| | - Angela Brieger
- Medical Clinic I; Biomedical Research Laboratory; University Clinic Frankfurt; Frankfurt a.M. Germany
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8
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Guo X, Guo N, Zhao J, Cai Y. Active targeting co-delivery system based on hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles for antitumor therapy in ovarian cancer stem-like cells. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:1442-1450. [PMID: 28731164 PMCID: PMC5549023 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of nanocarriers and chemotherapy drugs can release the chemotherapy drugs to the tumor tissue, which can enhance the antitumor effect and reduce the adverse reactions at the same time. In this study, a co-delivery system based on hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSN) was developed and characterized. We also investigated the in vitro effect of this system on CD117+CD44+A2780 cell line. HMSN was selected as the nanocarrier, with -COOH modified on the surface and doxorubicin (DOX), NVP-AEW 541 (NVP) loaded inside. IGF‑1R was chosen as the drug target, apoptosis rate and expression of cyclin B1, Bax, Bcl-xl, p-Akt were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of HMSN‑COOH@DOX fluorescence NVP. The HMSN co-delivery system was successfully synthesized with encapsulation efficiency of 37% (DOX) and 44% (NVP), and high PH-sensitive property was observed. The apoptosis rate of CD117+CD44+A2780 ovarian cancer stem-like cells treated by HMSN co-delivery system were almost 3 times higher than those of the free drugs group. The expression of Bax was significantly increased while Bcl-xl, and p-Akt reduced (P≤0.05). These data indicate that the co-delivery system demonstrated a high efficiency in promoting apoptosis in ovarian cancer stem-like cells by targeting IGF‑1R, but further study is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Nan Guo
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jianwen Zhao
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yunlang Cai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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9
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Jia J, Wang Z, Cai J, Zhang Y. PMS2 expression in epithelial ovarian cancer is posttranslationally regulated by Akt and essential for platinum-induced apoptosis. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:3059-69. [PMID: 26423401 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal of the gynecologic malignancies, mainly due to the advanced stage at diagnosis and development of cisplatin resistance. The sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin is frequently affected by defect in DNA mismatch repair (MMR), which repairs mispaired DNA sequences and regulates DNA-damage-induced apoptosis. However, the role of postmeiotic segregation increased 2 (PMS2), a member of MMR protein family, in cisplatin resistance remains elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated the frequent deficiency of PMS2 and phosphorylation of Akt in EOC cell lines and tissues. Results of complex immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and protein stability assay indicated that activated Akt could directly bind to PMS2 and cause degradation of PMS2 in EOC cells. In addition, functional experiments revealed that PMS2 was required for cisplatin-induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. These findings provide a novel insight into molecular mechanisms linking MMR with chemoresistance and suggest that stabilization of PMS2 expression may be useful in overcoming the cisplatin resistance in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Jia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Air Force General Hospital, PLA, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehua Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Gan W, Liu P, Wei W. Akt promotes tumorigenesis in part through modulating genomic instability via phosphorylating XLF. Nucleus 2015. [PMID: 26225792 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2015.1074365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To maintain genome stability, mammalian cells have developed a delicate, yet efficient, system to sense and repair damaged DNA, including two evolutionarily conserved DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways: homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous-end-joining (NHEJ). Deregulation in these repair pathways may lead to genomic instability and subsequent human diseases, including cancer. On the other hand, hyper-activation of the oncogenic Akt signaling pathway has been observed in almost all solid tumors. Emerging evidence has begun to reveal a possible role of active Akt in regulating DDR, possibly through suppression of HR. However, whether and how Akt regulates NHEJ remains largely undefined. To this end, we recently reported that Akt impairs NHEJ by phosphorylating XLF at T181, to trigger its dissociation from the functional DNA ligase IV (LIG4)/XRCC4 complex. Here, we provide an additional perspective discussing how Akt is activated upon DNA damage to regulate DNA repair pathways as well as the cellular apoptotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Gan
- a Department of Pathology ; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center ; Harvard Medical School ; Boston , MA USA
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Loss of MLH1 confers resistance to PI3Kβ inhibitors in renal clear cell carcinoma with SETD2 mutation. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:3457-64. [PMID: 25528216 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2981-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by frequent mutation in SETD2, which has recently been shown to regulate mismatch repair (MMR). We aim to investigate the association between MMR machinery genes and SETD2 mutation in ccRCC. We exploited the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database to identify selective inhibitors for SETD2 mutant ccRCC cells. We also exploited the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to study the association between SETD2 status and MMR-related genes. In vitro studies were performed to validate the in silico findings. Reproduction of the GDSC database revealed four compounds with significant selectivity for SETD2 mutant ccRCC cells, amongst which two compounds targeted PI3Kβ. Phosphorylation of AKT at both S473 and T308 was decreased following PI3Kβ inhibitor treatment in SETD2 mutant ccRCC cells, whereas the basal pAKT level was not changed between mutant and wild-type SETD2. Both decreased MLH1 and increased AKT levels induced lower PMS2, indicating that MMR was mediated by SETD2 via both AKT and MLH1 in ccRCC. Analysis of the TCGA database further revealed high tendency of homozygous co-deletion of SETD2 and MLH1. In the absence of MLH1, suppression of pAKT by PI3Kβ inhibitor was mitigated and inhibition in cell proliferation, invasiveness, migratory ability and tumourigenesis was partially restored. Besides the reported H3K36-trimethylation pathway, we found that SETD2 mutation also mediated MMR via AKT-induced PMS2 decrease and co-loss of MLH1 loss in ccRCC.
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Liu Q, Turner KM, Alfred Yung WK, Chen K, Zhang W. Role of AKT signaling in DNA repair and clinical response to cancer therapy. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:1313-23. [PMID: 24811392 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective cancer treatment has been limited by the emergence of resistant cancer cells. The results of many studies indicate that AKT activation plays an important role in the acquisition of resistance to anticancer therapy. AKT is a critical effector serine/threonine kinase in the receptor tyrosine kinase/phosphatase and tensin homolog/phospho-inositide 3-kinase pathway and controls a myriad of cellular functions. Activation of AKT not only supports tumor growth and progression but also contributes to tumor-cell evasion of the cytotoxic effects of cancer therapy through many avenues including the promotion of anti-apoptosis, proliferation, and migration and regulation of the cell cycle. Accumulating evidence has implicated AKT as a direct participant in the DNA damage response and repair induced by commonly used genotoxic agents. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which genotoxic agents activate AKT and therefore contribute to resistance to cancer therapeutics, with particular emphasis on DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (Q.L.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.M.T., W.Z.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.K.A.Y.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (K.C.)
| | - Kristen M Turner
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (Q.L.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.M.T., W.Z.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.K.A.Y.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (K.C.)
| | - W K Alfred Yung
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (Q.L.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.M.T., W.Z.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.K.A.Y.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (K.C.)
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (Q.L.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.M.T., W.Z.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.K.A.Y.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (K.C.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (Q.L.); Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (K.M.T., W.Z.); Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (W.K.A.Y.); Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (K.C.)
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