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Xiang Y, Dai J, Xu L, Li X, Jiang J, Xu J. Research progress in immune microenvironment regulation of muscle atrophy induced by peripheral nerve injury. Life Sci 2021; 287:120117. [PMID: 34740577 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Denervated skeletal muscular atrophy is primarily characterized by loss of muscle strength and mass and an unideal functional recovery of the muscle after extended denervation. This review emphasizes the interaction between the immune system and the denervated skeletal muscle. Immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages and T-cells are activated and migrate to denervated muscle, where they release a high concentration of cytokines and chemokines. The migration of these immune cells, the transformation of different functional immune cell subtypes, and the cytokine network in the immune microenvironment may be involved in the regulatory process of muscle atrophy or repair. However, the exact mechanisms of the interaction between these immune cells and immune molecules in skeletal muscles are unclear. In this paper, the immune microenvironment regulation of muscle atrophy induced by peripheral nerve injury is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxian Xiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Junxi Dai
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Natl Res Inst Child Hlth & Dev, Div Transplantat Immunol, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junjian Jiang
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Department of Hand Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Hand Reconstruction, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Peripheral Nerve and Microsurgery, Shanghai, China; School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Li LJ, Ma J, Li SB, Chen X, Zhang J. Vascular endothelial growth factor B inhibits lipid accumulation in C2C12 myotubes incubated with fatty acids. Growth Factors 2019; 37:76-84. [PMID: 31215273 DOI: 10.1080/08977194.2019.1626851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate (1) the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) on lipid accumulation and the alteration of fatty acids and fatty acid-related enzymes in C2C12 myotubes incubated with fatty acids and (2) the regulatory effect of VEGFB on skeletal muscle lipid metabolism. Mouse C2C12 myotubes were incubated with oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA), and differentiated mature C2C12 myotubes were treated with VEGFB. Oil-red O staining, BODIPY staining and cell triglycerides (TG) content were examined. Total RNA was isolated, and real-time PCR analysis was performed. Treatment with 100 μM OA and 50 μM PA induced lipid droplet accumulation and increased TG content (p < .01), and 100 ng/mL VEGFB reduced lipid droplet accumulation and decreased TG content (p < .01). Treatment with 100 ng/mL VEGFB significantly induced the mRNA expression of fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) (p < .01) and FATP4 (p < .01). Treatment with 100 ng/mL VEGFB significantly induced the mRNA expression of adipose TG lipase and hormone-sensitive lipase (p < .01) as well as carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (p < .01), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (p < .01), acyl-coa dehydrogenase very long chain (p < .05), acyl-coa synthetase long-chain family member 1 (p < .01), peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (p < .05), and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (p < .01). VEGFB enhanced FATP1and FATP4 expression, promoted C2C12 myotube fatty acid oxidation and TG decomposition, and inhibited C2C12 myotube fatty acid re-esterification, thus inhibiting lipid accumulation in C2C12 myotubes incubated with fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jie Li
- a College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
| | - Jin Ma
- a College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
| | - Song-Bo Li
- b China Academy of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University , Beijing , China
| | - Xuefei Chen
- a College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- a College of P.E. and Sports, Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
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Jiang W, Wang Y, Tang J, Peng J, Wang Y, Guo Q, Guo Z, Li P, Xiao B, Zhang J. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound treatment improved the rate of autograft peripheral nerve regeneration in rat. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22773. [PMID: 27102358 PMCID: PMC4840319 DOI: 10.1038/srep22773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has been widely used in clinic for the treatment of repairing pseudarthrosis, bone fractures and of healing in various soft tissues. Some reports indicated that LIPUS accelerated peripheral nerve regeneration including Schwann cells (SCs) and injured nerves. But little is known about its appropriate intensities on autograft nerves. This study was to investigate which intensity of LIPUS improved the regeneration of gold standard postsurgical nerves in experimental rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were made into 10 mm right side sciatic nerve reversed autologous nerve transplantation and randomly treated with 250 mW/cm2, 500 mW/cm2 or 750 mW/cm2 LIPUS for 2–12 weeks after operation. Functional and pathological results showed that LIPUS of 250 mW/cm2 significantly induced faster rate of axonal regeneration. This suggested that autograft nerve regeneration was improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Hospital, 1 Dahua Road, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuexiang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853,China
| | - Yu Wang
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853,China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853,China
| | - Zhiyuan Guo
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853,China
| | - Pan Li
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853,China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853,China
| | - Jinxing Zhang
- Orthopedics Research Institute of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853,China
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