1
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Li MY, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhao XY, Yang ZS, Li B, Chen ST, He YY, Yang ZM. Blastocyst-Derived Lactic Acid May Regulate S100A6 Expression and Function in Mouse Decidualization via Stimulation of Uterine Epithelial Arachidonic Acid Secretion. Cells 2024; 13:206. [PMID: 38334598 PMCID: PMC10854550 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Inflammatory responses are implicated in embryo implantation, decidualization, pregnancy maintenance and labor. Both embryo implantation and decidualization are essential to successful pregnancy in rodents and primates. S100A6 is involved in inflammation, tumor development, apoptosis and calcium homeostasis. S100A6 is strongly expressed in mouse decidua, but the underlying mechanisms of how S100A6 regulates implantation and decidualization are poorly defined. (2) Methods: Mouse endometrial stromal and epithelial cells are isolated from day 4 pseudopregnant mouse uteri. Both immunofluorescence and Western blotting are used to analyze the expression and localization of proteins. The molecular mechanism is verified in vitro by Western blotting and the quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (3) Results: From days 4 to 8 of pregnancy, S100A6 is specifically expressed in mouse subluminal stromal cells. Blastocyst-derived lactic acid induces AA secretion by activating the luminal epithelial p-cPLA2. The epithelial AA induces stromal S100A6 expression through the COX2/PGI2/PPAR δ pathway. Progesterone regulates S100A6 expression through the progesterone receptor (PR). S100A6/RAGE signaling can regulate decidualization via EGFR/ERK1/2 in vitro. (4) Conclusions: S100A6, as an inflammatory mediator, is important for mouse implantation and decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yuan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Xu-Yu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Zhen-Shan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Bo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Si-Ting Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Yu-Ying He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Zeng-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.-Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountain Region, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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2
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Wang Y, Kang X, Kang X, Yang F. S100A6: molecular function and biomarker role. Biomark Res 2023; 11:78. [PMID: 37670392 PMCID: PMC10481514 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-023-00515-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A6 (also called calcyclin) is a Ca2+-binding protein that belongs to the S100 protein family. S100A6 has many functions related to the cytoskeleton, cell stress, proliferation, and differentiation. S100A6 also has many interacting proteins that are distributed in the cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, and outside the cell. Almost all these proteins interact with S100A6 in a Ca2+-dependent manner, and some also have specific motifs responsible for binding to S100A6. The expression of S100A6 is regulated by several transcription factors (such as c-Myc, P53, NF-κB, USF, Nrf2, etc.). The expression level depends on the specific cell type and the transcription factors activated in specific physical and chemical environments, and is also related to histone acetylation, DNA methylation, and other epigenetic modifications. The differential expression of S100A6 in various diseases, and at different stages of those diseases, makes it a good biomarker for differential diagnosis and prognosis evaluation, as well as a potential therapeutic target. In this review, we mainly focus on the S100A6 ligand and its transcriptional regulation, molecular function (cytoskeleton, cell stress, cell differentiation), and role as a biomarker in human disease and stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidian Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.
| | - Fengguang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China.
- The Orthopedics Department of the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Men, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, PR China.
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3
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Kazakov AS, Deryusheva EI, Rastrygina VA, Sokolov AS, Permyakova ME, Litus EA, Uversky VN, Permyakov EA, Permyakov SE. Interaction of S100A6 Protein with the Four-Helical Cytokines. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1345. [PMID: 37759746 PMCID: PMC10526228 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
S100 is a family of over 20 structurally homologous, but functionally diverse regulatory (calcium/zinc)-binding proteins of vertebrates. The involvement of S100 proteins in numerous vital (patho)physiological processes is mediated by their interaction with various (intra/extra)cellular protein partners, including cell surface receptors. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed the ability of specific S100 proteins to modulate cell signaling via direct interaction with cytokines. Previously, we revealed the binding of ca. 71% of the four-helical cytokines via the S100P protein, due to the presence in its molecule of a cytokine-binding site overlapping with the binding site for the S100P receptor. Here, we show that another S100 protein, S100A6 (that has a pairwise sequence identity with S100P of 35%), specifically binds numerous four-helical cytokines. We have studied the affinity of the recombinant forms of 35 human four-helical cytokines from all structural families of this fold to Ca2+-loaded recombinant human S100A6, using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. S100A6 recognizes 26 of the cytokines from all families of this fold, with equilibrium dissociation constants from 0.3 nM to 12 µM. Overall, S100A6 interacts with ca. 73% of the four-helical cytokines studied to date, with a selectivity equivalent to that for the S100P protein, with the differences limited to the binding of interleukin-2 and oncostatin M. The molecular docking study evidences the presence in the S100A6 molecule of a cytokine-binding site, analogous to that found in S100P. The findings argue the presence in some of the promiscuous members of the S100 family of a site specific to a wide range of four-helical cytokines. This unique feature of the S100 proteins potentially allows them to modulate the activity of the numerous four-helical cytokines in the disorders accompanied by an excessive release of the cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S. Kazakov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Evgenia I. Deryusheva
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Victoria A. Rastrygina
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Andrey S. Sokolov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Maria E. Permyakova
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Litus
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
- Department of Molecular, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Eugene A. Permyakov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
| | - Sergei E. Permyakov
- Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Institutskaya str., 7, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia; (A.S.K.); (E.I.D.); (V.A.R.); (A.S.S.); (M.E.P.); (E.A.L.); (E.A.P.)
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4
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Yang F, Ma J, Zhu D, Wang Z, Li Y, He X, Zhang G, Kang X. The Role of S100A6 in Human Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1139. [PMID: 37509175 PMCID: PMC10377078 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A6, also known as calcyclin, is a low-molecular-weight Ca2+-binding protein from the S100 family that contains two EF-hands. S100A6 is expressed in a variety of mammalian cells and tissues. It is also expressed in lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and liver cancers, as well as other cancers such as melanoma. S100A6 has many molecular functions related to cell proliferation, the cell cycle, cell differentiation, and the cytoskeleton. It is not only involved in tumor invasion, proliferation, and migration, but also the pathogenesis of other non-neoplastic diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of S100A6 in tumors, nervous system diseases, leukemia, endometriosis, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, and other related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengguang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Jinglin Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Daxue Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Zhaoheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yanhu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xuegang He
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guangzhi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Y.); (X.H.); (G.Z.)
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
- Orthopaedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
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5
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S100A6 Protein-Expression and Function in Norm and Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021341. [PMID: 36674873 PMCID: PMC9866648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A6, also known as calcyclin, is a calcium-binding protein belonging to the S100 protein family. It was first identified and purified more than 30 years ago. Initial structural studies, focused mostly on the mode and affinity of Ca2+ binding and resolution of the resultant conformational changes, were soon complemented by research on its expression, localization and identification of binding partners. With time, the use of biophysical methods helped to resolve the structure and versatility of S100A6 complexes with some of its ligands. Meanwhile, it became clear that S100A6 expression was altered in various pathological states and correlated with the stage/progression of many diseases, including cancers, indicative of its important, and possibly causative, role in some of these diseases. This, in turn, prompted researchers to look for the mechanism of S100A6 action and to identify the intermediary signaling pathways and effectors. After all these years, our knowledge on various aspects of S100A6 biology is robust but still incomplete. The list of S100A6 ligands is growing all the time, as is our understanding of the physiological importance of these interactions. The present review summarizes available data concerning S100A6 expression/localization, interaction with intracellular and extracellular targets, involvement in Ca2+-dependent cellular processes and association with various pathologies.
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6
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Leśniak W, Filipek A. S100A6 as a Constituent and Potential Marker of Adult and Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2699-2708. [PMID: 35796891 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult or tissue stem cells are present in various tissues of the organism where they reside in a specific environment called the niche. Owing to their ability to generate a progeny that can proliferate and differentiate into specialized cell types, adult stem cells constitute a source of new cells necessary for tissue maintenance and/or regeneration. Under normal conditions they divide with a frequency matching the pace of tissue renewal but, following tissue damage, they can migrate to the site of injury and expand/divide intensively to facilitate tissue repair. For this reason much hope is being placed on the use of adult stem cells in regenerative therapies, including tissue engineering. Identification and characterization of tissue stem cells has been a laborious process due to their scarcity and lack of universal markers. Nonetheless, recent studies, employing various types of transcriptomic analyses, revealed some common trends in gene expression pattern among stem cells derived from different tissues, suggesting the importance of certain genes/proteins for the unique properties of these cells. S100A6, a small calcium binding protein, has been recognized as an important factor influencing cell proliferation and differentiation. Accumulating results show that S100A6 is a constituent of adult stem cells and, in some cases, may even be considered as their marker. Thus, in this review we summarize literature data concerning the presence of S100A6 in adult and cancer stem cells and speculate on its potential role and usefulness as a marker of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesława Leśniak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02- 093, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02- 093, Warsaw, Poland
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7
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Maliekal TT, Dharmapal D, Sengupta S. Tubulin Isotypes: Emerging Roles in Defining Cancer Stem Cell Niche. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876278. [PMID: 35693789 PMCID: PMC9179084 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of microtubule dynamics in cancer progression is well-established, the roles of tubulin isotypes, their cargos and their specific function in the induction and sustenance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) were poorly explored. But emerging reports urge to focus on the transport function of tubulin isotypes in defining orchestrated expression of functionally critical molecules in establishing a stem cell niche, which is the key for CSC regulation. In this review, we summarize the role of specific tubulin isotypes in the transport of functional molecules that regulate metabolic reprogramming, which leads to the induction of CSCs and immune evasion. Recently, the surface expression of GLUT1 and GRP78 as well as voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) permeability, regulated by specific isotypes of β-tubulins have been shown to impart CSC properties to cancer cells, by implementing a metabolic reprogramming. Moreover, βIVb tubulin is shown to be critical in modulating EphrinB1signaling to sustain CSCs in oral carcinoma. These tubulin-interacting molecules, Ephrins, GLUT1 and GRP78, are also important regulators of immune evasion, by evoking PD-L1 mediated T-cell suppression. Thus, the recent advances in the field implicate that tubulins play a role in the controlled transport of molecules involved in CSC niche. The indication of tubulin isotypes in the regulation of CSCs offers a strategy to specifically target those tubulin isotypes to eliminate CSCs, rather than the general inhibition of microtubules, which usually leads to therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessy Thomas Maliekal
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
- *Correspondence: Tessy Thomas Maliekal, ; Suparna Sengupta,
| | - Dhrishya Dharmapal
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- University of Kerala, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Suparna Sengupta
- Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
- University of Kerala, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
- *Correspondence: Tessy Thomas Maliekal, ; Suparna Sengupta,
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8
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Robaszkiewicz K, Jurewicz E, Moraczewska J, Filipek A. Ca 2+-dependent binding of S100A6 to cofilin-1 regulates actin filament polymerization-depolymerization dynamics. Cell Calcium 2021; 99:102457. [PMID: 34464867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
S100A6 is a Ca2+-binding protein belonging to the S100 family. Many reports indicate that S100A6 is involved in actin filament organization, however the mechanism of S100A6 action in this process is not fully understood. By screening S100A6 binding partners in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts, we have found that S100A6 binds cofilin-1, a protein required for the dynamics of actin polymerization and depolymerization. By applying various biochemical and cell biology assays, we have shown that S100A6 bound to cofilin-1 in a Ca2+-dependent manner and increased cofilin-1 affinity for F-actin. Microscopic analysis indicated that S100A6 significantly decreased severing of the actin filaments induced by cofilin-1. Moreover, in the presence of cofilin-1, S100A6 stabilized the filaments by inhibiting their depolymerization. When S100A6 was present at sub-stoichiometric concentrations in relation to actin, polymerization of G-actin accelerated by cofilin-1 was increased. At higher S100A6:actin ratios the polymerization rate was decreased. Altogether, these results show that S100A6 regulates actin filament dynamics by controlling activity of cofilin-1 and suggest that this regulation is Ca2+ -dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Robaszkiewicz
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Department of Biological Sciences, 12 Poniatowskiego Street, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Jurewicz
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Moraczewska
- Kazimierz Wielki University, Department of Biological Sciences, 12 Poniatowskiego Street, 85-671 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Binding of S100A6 to actin and the actin-tropomyosin complex. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12824. [PMID: 32733033 PMCID: PMC7393103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A6 is a low molecular weight Ca2+-binding protein belonging to the S100 family. Many reports indicate that in the cell S100A6 has an influence on the organization of actin filaments, but so far no direct interaction between S100A6 and actin has been shown. In the present study we investigated binding of S100A6 to actin and the actin-tropomyosin complex. The analyses were performed on G- and F-actin and two tropomyosin isoforms-Tpm1.6 and Tpm1.8. Using purified proteins and a variety of biochemical approaches we have shown that, in a Ca2+-bound form, S100A6 directly interacts with G- and F-actin and with tropomyosin, preferentially with isoform Tpm1.8. S100A6 and tropomyosin bind to the same population of filaments and the presence of tropomyosin on the microfilament facilitates the binding of S100A6. By applying proximity ligation assay we have found that in NIH3T3 fibroblasts S100A6 forms complexes both with actin and with tropomyosin. These results indicate that S100A6, through direct interactions with actin and tropomyosin, might regulate the organization and functional properties of microfilaments.
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Allgöwer C, Kretz AL, von Karstedt S, Wittau M, Henne-Bruns D, Lemke J. Friend or Foe: S100 Proteins in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082037. [PMID: 32722137 PMCID: PMC7465620 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
S100 proteins are widely expressed small molecular EF-hand calcium-binding proteins of vertebrates, which are involved in numerous cellular processes, such as Ca2+ homeostasis, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and inflammation. Although the complex network of S100 signalling is by far not fully deciphered, several S100 family members could be linked to a variety of diseases, such as inflammatory disorders, neurological diseases, and also cancer. The research of the past decades revealed that S100 proteins play a crucial role in the development and progression of many cancer types, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and melanoma. Hence, S100 family members have also been shown to be promising diagnostic markers and possible novel targets for therapy. However, the current knowledge of S100 proteins is limited and more attention to this unique group of proteins is needed. Therefore, this review article summarises S100 proteins and their relation in different cancer types, while also providing an overview of novel therapeutic strategies for targeting S100 proteins for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Allgöwer
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
| | - Anna-Laura Kretz
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center of Integrated Oncology Cologne-Bonn, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany;
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Mathias Wittau
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
| | - Doris Henne-Bruns
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
| | - Johannes Lemke
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (C.A.); (A.-L.K.); (M.W.); (D.H.-B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-53691
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S100A6 and Its Brain Ligands in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113979. [PMID: 32492924 PMCID: PMC7313082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The S100A6 protein is present in different mammalian cells and tissues including the brain. It binds Ca2+ and Zn2+ and interacts with many target proteins/ligands. The best characterized ligands of S100A6, expressed at high level in the brain, include CacyBP/SIP and Sgt1. Research concerning the functional role of S100A6 and these two ligands indicates that they are involved in various signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, cytoskeletal organization, and others. In this review, we focused on the expression/localization of these proteins in the brain and on their possible role in neurodegenerative diseases. Published results demonstrate that S100A6, CacyBP/SIP, and Sgt1 are expressed in various brain structures and in the spinal cord and can be found in different cell types including neurons and astrocytes. When it comes to their possible involvement in nervous system pathology, it is evident that their expression/level and/or subcellular localization is changed when compared to normal conditions. Among diseases in which such changes have been observed are Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), epileptogenesis, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and others.
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Hoa M, Olszewski R, Li X, Taukulis I, Gu S, DeTorres A, Lopez IA, Linthicum FH, Ishiyama A, Martin D, Morell RJ, Kelley MW. Characterizing Adult Cochlear Supporting Cell Transcriptional Diversity Using Single-Cell RNA-Seq: Validation in the Adult Mouse and Translational Implications for the Adult Human Cochlea. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:13. [PMID: 32116546 PMCID: PMC7012811 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss is a problem that impacts a significant proportion of the adult population. Cochlear hair cell (HC) loss due to loud noise, chemotherapy and aging is the major underlying cause. A significant proportion of these individuals are dissatisfied with available treatment options which include hearing aids and cochlear implants. An alternative approach to restore hearing would be to regenerate HCs. Such therapy would require a recapitulation of the complex architecture of the organ of Corti, necessitating regeneration of both mature HCs and supporting cells (SCs). Transcriptional profiles of the mature cell types in the cochlea are necessary to can provide a metric for eventual regeneration therapies. To assist in this effort, we sought to provide the first single-cell characterization of the adult cochlear SC transcriptome. We performed single-cell RNA-Seq on FACS-purified adult cochlear SCs from the LfngEGFP adult mouse, in which SCs express GFP. We demonstrate that adult cochlear SCs are transcriptionally distinct from their perinatal counterparts. We establish cell-type-specific adult cochlear SC transcriptome profiles, and we validate these expression profiles through a combination of both fluorescent immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization co-localization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of adult cochlear SCs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the relevance of these profiles to the adult human cochlea through immunofluorescent human temporal bone histopathology. Finally, we demonstrate cell cycle regulator expression in adult SCs and perform pathway analyses to identify potential mechanisms for facilitating mitotic regeneration (cell proliferation, differentiation, and eventually regeneration) in the adult mammalian cochlea. Our findings demonstrate the importance of characterizing mature as opposed to perinatal SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hoa
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Rafal Olszewski
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Li
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ian Taukulis
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Shoujun Gu
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alvin DeTorres
- Auditory Restoration and Development Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ivan A Lopez
- National Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Fred H Linthicum
- National Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Akira Ishiyama
- National Temporal Bone Laboratory at UCLA, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Cellular and Molecular Biology of the Inner Ear Laboratory, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Martin
- Biomedical Research Informatics Office, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Robert J Morell
- Genomics and Computational Biology Core, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew W Kelley
- Laboratory of Cochlear Development, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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13
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Graczyk-Jarzynka A, Sobiak B, Mlącki M, Wilanowski T, Leśniak W. S100A6 activates EGFR and its downstream signaling in HaCaT keratinocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17561-17569. [PMID: 30805941 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a central transmitter of mitogenic signals in epithelial cells; enhanced EGFR activity is observed in many tumors of epithelial origin. S100A6 is a small calcium-binding protein, characteristic mainly of epithelial cells and fibroblasts, strongly implicated in cell proliferation and upregulated in tumors. In this study, using biochemical assays along with immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical analysis of organotypic and standard cultures of HaCaT keratinocytes with S100A6 overexpression or knock-down, we have examined the effect of S100A6 on EGFR activity and downstream signaling. We found that HaCaT cells overexpressing S100A6 had enhanced EGFR, phospho EGFR, and phospho extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) staining intensity and level coupled to higher signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity. Conversely, S100A6 knockdown cells had impaired EGFR signaling that could be enhanced by addition of recombinant S100A6 to the culture media. Altogether the results show that S100A6 may exert its proproliferative effects through activating EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Graczyk-Jarzynka
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Sobiak
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Mlącki
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wiesława Leśniak
- Laboratory of Calcium Binding Proteins, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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