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Heidarzadehpilehrood R, Pirhoushiaran M. Biomarker potential of competing endogenous RNA networks in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:624-640. [PMID: 38571815 PMCID: PMC10988127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common condition affecting women of reproductive age globally. PCOS continues to be the largest contributing factor to female infertility despite significant progress in our knowledge of the molecular underpinnings and treatment of the condition. The fact that PCOS is a very diverse condition makes it one of the key reasons why we haven't been able to overcome it. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are implicated in the development of PCOS, according to growing evidence. However, it is unclear how the complex regulatory relationships between the many ncRNA types contribute to the growth of this malignancy. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), a recently identified mechanism in the RNA world, suggests regulatory interactions between various RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), transcribed pseudogenes, and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Recent studies on PCOS have shown that dysregulation of multiple ceRNA networks (ceRNETs) between these ncRNAs plays crucial roles in developing the defining characteristics of PCOS development. And it is believed that such a finding may open a new door for a deeper comprehension of PCOS's unexplored facets. In addition, it may be able to provide fresh biomarkers and effective therapy targets for PCOS. This review will go over the body of information that exists about the primary roles of ceRNETs before highlighting the developing involvement of several newly found ceRNETs in a number of PCOS characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roozbeh Heidarzadehpilehrood
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Maryam Pirhoushiaran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417613151, Iran
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Harich OO, Gavriliuc OI, Ordodi VL, Tirziu A, Paunescu V, Panaitescu C, Bojin MF. In Vitro Study of the Multimodal Effect of Na +/K + ATPase Blocker Ouabain on the Tumor Microenvironment and Malignant Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2205. [PMID: 37626702 PMCID: PMC10452365 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+/K+ ATPase is a protein involved in the active transport of ions across the cellular membrane. Ouabain is a cardiotonic glycoside that, by inhibiting the Na+/K+ pump, interferes with cell processes mediated directly by the pump, but also indirectly influences other cellular processes such as cell cycle and proliferation, growth, cell differentiation, angiogenesis, migration, adhesion, and invasion. We used the SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell line, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs) in vitro to determine the effects of ouabain exposure on these cellular types. The results showed a multi-level effect of ouabain mainly on tumor cells, in a dose-dependent manner, while the TAFs and their normal counterparts were not significantly influenced. Following exposure to ouabain, the SK-BR-3 cells changed their morphologic appearance, decreased the expression of immunophenotypic markers (CD29, Her2, VEGF), the proliferation rate was significantly decreased (Ki67 index), the cells were blocked in the G0 phase of the cell cycle and suffered necrosis. These data were correlated with the variable expression of α and β Na+/K+ pump subunits in tumor cells, resulting in decreased ability to adhere to the VCAM-1 substrate in functional flow chamber studies. Being indicative of the pro-apoptotic and inhibitory effect of ouabain on tumor invasion and metastasis, the results support the addition of ouabain to the oncological therapeutic arsenal, trailing the "repurposing drugs" approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavia-Oana Harich
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.-O.H.); (V.-L.O.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (C.P.); (M.-F.B.)
| | - Oana-Isabella Gavriliuc
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.-O.H.); (V.-L.O.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (C.P.); (M.-F.B.)
| | - Valentin-Laurentiu Ordodi
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.-O.H.); (V.-L.O.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (C.P.); (M.-F.B.)
- Faculty of Industrial Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, “Politehnica” University Timisoara, No 2 Victoriei Square, 300006 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandru Tirziu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.-O.H.); (V.-L.O.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (C.P.); (M.-F.B.)
| | - Virgil Paunescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.-O.H.); (V.-L.O.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (C.P.); (M.-F.B.)
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara-OncoGen, Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, No. 156 Liviu Rebreanu, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Carmen Panaitescu
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.-O.H.); (V.-L.O.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (C.P.); (M.-F.B.)
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara-OncoGen, Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, No. 156 Liviu Rebreanu, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Maria-Florina Bojin
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immuno-Physiology and Biotechnologies Center, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, No. 2 Eftimie Murgu Square, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (O.-O.H.); (V.-L.O.); (A.T.); (V.P.); (C.P.); (M.-F.B.)
- Center for Gene and Cellular Therapies in the Treatment of Cancer Timisoara-OncoGen, Clinical Emergency County Hospital “Pius Brinzeu” Timisoara, No. 156 Liviu Rebreanu, 300723 Timisoara, Romania
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Tu P, Yan S, Zhang F. Circ_0005925 Promotes Granulosa Cell Growth by Targeting MiR-324-3p to Upregulate MAP2K6 in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biochem Genet 2023; 61:21-34. [PMID: 35689709 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-022-10238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA has been reported to be involved in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the role of circ_0005925 in the progression of PCOS is unclear. The expression levels of circ_0005925, microRNA (miR)-324-3p, and MAPK kinase 6 (MAP2K6) were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using cell counting kit 8 assay, EdU assay, colony formation assay, and flow cytometry. Western blot analysis was used to detect the protein expression of apoptosis markers and MAP2K6. RNA interaction was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Circ_0005925 was upregulated in GCs from PCOS patients, as well as in KGN and SVOG cells. Circ_0005925 knockdown repressed GCs proliferation and promoted apoptosis. MiR-324-3p was downregulated in PCOS patients, and it was sponged by circ_0005925. The regulation of circ_0005925 knockdown on GCs growth was abolished by miR-324-3p inhibitor. MAP2K6 was targeted by miR-324-3p, and its expression was positively regulated by circ_0005925. MiR-324-3p inhibited GCs proliferation and increased apoptosis by targeting MAP2K6. Collectively, our findings suggested that circ_0005925 promoted GCs growth through miR-324-3p/MAP2K6, which provided a promising therapeutic target for PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, No.168 Xiangshan Avenue, Duodao District, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Sujuan Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, No.168 Xiangshan Avenue, Duodao District, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Fengping Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Jingmen, No.168 Xiangshan Avenue, Duodao District, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China.
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Zhang S, Chen Y, Hu Q, Zhao T, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Zhao H, Wang J, Yang Y, Zhang J, Shi S, Zhang Y, Yang L, Fu Z, Liu K. SOX2 inhibits LLGL2 polarity protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via miRNA-142-3p. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:1-15. [PMID: 36131361 PMCID: PMC9519027 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2126248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS CCK-8, Cell Counting Kit 8; Chip, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation; EC, Esophageal cancer; EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; ESCC, Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas; LLGL2, lethal (2) giant larvae protein homolog 2; LLGL2ov, LLGL2 overexpression; MET, mesenchymal-epithelial transition; miRNAs, MicroRNAs; PRM-MS, Parallel reaction monitoring-Mass spectrometry; SD, Standard deviation; SOX, sex determining region Y (SRY)-like box; SOX2-Kd, SOX2-knockdwon; TUNEL, TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yunyun Chen
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiong Hu
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Clinic Medical Laboratory, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yijian Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yuxuan Wei
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongzhou Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Junkai Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaxin Yang
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Songlin Shi
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yujun Zhang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhichao Fu
- Department of radiotherapy, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team (Dongfang Hospital, Xiamen University), Fuzhou, China
| | - Kuancan Liu
- Central Laboratory, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Li X, Li L, Si X, Zhang Z, Ni Z, Zhou Y, Liu K, Xia W, Zhang Y, Gu X, Huang J, Yin C, Shao A, Jiang L. The regulatory roles of circular RNAs via autophagy in ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:963508. [PMID: 36330428 PMCID: PMC9623297 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.963508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a severe disease with a high disability, recurrence, and mortality rates. Autophagy, a highly conserved process that degrades damaged or aging organelles and excess cellular components to maintain homeostasis, is activated during IS. It influences the blood–brain barrier integrity and regulates apoptosis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel non-coding RNAs involved in IS-induced autophagy and participate in various pathological processes following IS. In addition, they play a role in autophagy regulation. This review summarizes current evidence on the roles of autophagy and circRNA in IS and the potential mechanisms by which circRNAs regulate autophagy to influence IS injury. This review serves as a basis for the clinical application of circRNAs as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Li
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhumei Ni
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongji Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keqin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Gu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Congguo Yin
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Congguo Yin
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Disease, Hangzhou, China
- Anwen Shao
| | - Lin Jiang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Lin Jiang
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6
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Dietlein F, Wang AB, Fagre C, Tang A, Besselink NJM, Cuppen E, Li C, Sunyaev SR, Neal JT, Van Allen EM. Genome-wide analysis of somatic noncoding mutation patterns in cancer. Science 2022; 376:eabg5601. [PMID: 35389777 PMCID: PMC9092060 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We established a genome-wide compendium of somatic mutation events in 3949 whole cancer genomes representing 19 tumor types. Protein-coding events captured well-established drivers. Noncoding events near tissue-specific genes, such as ALB in the liver or KLK3 in the prostate, characterized localized passenger mutation patterns and may reflect tumor-cell-of-origin imprinting. Noncoding events in regulatory promoter and enhancer regions frequently involved cancer-relevant genes such as BCL6, FGFR2, RAD51B, SMC6, TERT, and XBP1 and represent possible drivers. Unlike most noncoding regulatory events, XBP1 mutations primarily accumulated outside the gene's promoter, and we validated their effect on gene expression using CRISPR-interference screening and luciferase reporter assays. Broadly, our study provides a blueprint for capturing mutation events across the entire genome to guide advances in biological discovery, therapies, and diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Dietlein
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Corresponding author. (E.M.V.A.); (F.D.)
| | - Alex B. Wang
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Christian Fagre
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Anran Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nicolle J. M. Besselink
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Oncode Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, Netherlands.,Hartwig Medical Foundation, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chunliang Li
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shamil R. Sunyaev
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James T. Neal
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Eliezer M. Van Allen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.,Corresponding author. (E.M.V.A.); (F.D.)
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7
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Barrett's Metaplasia Progression towards Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: An Attempt to Select a Panel of Molecular Sensors and to Reflect Clinical Alterations by Experimental Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063312. [PMID: 35328735 PMCID: PMC8955539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular processes that predispose the development of Barrett’s esophagus (BE) towards esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) induced by gastrointestinal reflux disease (GERD) are still under investigation. In this study, based on a scientific literature screening and an analysis of clinical datasets, we selected a panel of 20 genes covering BE- and EAC-specific molecular markers (FZD5, IFNGR1, IL1A, IL1B, IL1R1, IL1RN, KRT4, KRT8, KRT15, KRT18, NFKBIL1, PTGS1, PTGS2, SOCS3, SOX4, SOX9, SOX15, TIMP1, TMEM2, TNFRSF10B). Furthermore, we aimed to reflect these alterations within an experimental and translational in vitro model of BE to EAC progression. We performed a comparison between expression profiles in GSE clinical databases with an in vitro model of GERD involving a BE cell line (BAR-T) and EAC cell lines (OE33 and OE19). Molecular responses of cells treated with acidified bile mixture (BM) at concentration of 100 and 250 μM for 30 min per day were evaluated. We also determined a basal mRNA expression within untreated, wild type cell lines on subsequent stages of BE and EAC development. We observed that an appropriately optimized in vitro model based on the combination of BAR-T, OE33 and OE19 cell lines reflects in 65% and more the clinical molecular alterations observed during BE and EAC development. We also confirmed previous observations that exposure to BM (GERD in vitro) activated carcinogenesis in non-dysplastic cells, inducing molecular alternations in the advanced stages of BE. We conclude that it is possible to induce, to a high extent, the molecular profile observed clinically within appropriately and carefully optimized experimental models, triggering EAC development. This experimental scheme and molecular marker panel might be implemented in further research, e.g., aiming to develop and evaluate novel compounds and prodrugs targeting GERD as well as BE and EAC prevention and treatment.
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Hussain Y, Khan H, Ahmad I, Efferth T, Alam W. Nanoscale delivery of phytochemicals targeting CRISPR/Cas9 for cancer therapy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 94:153830. [PMID: 34775359 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With growing global prevalence, cancer is a major cause of disease-related deaths. The understanding of the fundamental tumor pathology has contributed to the development of agents targeting oncogenic signaling pathways. Although these agents have increased survival for defined cancers, the therapeutic choices are still limited due to the development of drug resistance. CRISPR/Cas9 is a powerful new technology in cancer therapy by facilitating the identification of novel treatment targets and development of cell-based treatment strategies. PURPOSE We focused on applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in cancer therapy and discuss nanoscale delivery of cytotoxic phytochemical targeting the CRISPR/Cas9 system. RESULTS Genome engineering has been significantly accelerated by the advancement of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique. Phytochemicals play a key role in treating cancer by targeting various mechanisms and pathways. CONCLUSIONS The use of CRISPR/Cas9 for nanoscale delivery of phytochemicals opens new avenues in cancer therapy. One of the main obstacles in the clinical application of CRISPR/Cas9 is safe and efficient delivery. As viral delivery methods have certain drawbacks, there is an urgent need to develop non-viral delivery systems for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Hussain
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
| | - Imad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Wan Mohd Tajuddin WNB, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Molecular Mechanisms of Antiproliferative and Apoptosis Activity by 1,5-Bis(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxyphenyl)1,4-Pentadiene-3-one (MS13) on Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147424. [PMID: 34299042 PMCID: PMC8307969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diarylpentanoid (DAP), an analog that was structurally modified from a naturally occurring curcumin, has shown to enhance anticancer efficacy compared to its parent compound in various cancers. This study aims to determine the cytotoxicity, antiproliferative, and apoptotic activity of diarylpentanoid MS13 on two subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells: squamous cell carcinoma (NCI-H520) and adenocarcinoma (NCI-H23). Gene expression analysis was performed using Nanostring PanCancer Pathways Panel to determine significant signaling pathways and targeted genes in these treated cells. Cytotoxicity screening revealed that MS13 exhibited greater inhibitory effect in NCI-H520 and NCI-H23 cells compared to curcumin. MS13 induced anti-proliferative activity in both cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Morphological analysis revealed that a significant number of MS13-treated cells exhibited apoptosis. A significant increase in caspase-3 activity and decrease in Bcl-2 protein concentration was noted in both MS13-treated cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A total of 77 and 47 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were regulated in MS13 treated-NCI-H520 and NCI-H23 cells, respectively. Among the DEGs, 22 were mutually expressed in both NCI-H520 and NCI-H23 cells in response to MS13 treatment. The top DEGs modulated by MS13 in NCI-H520—DUSP4, CDKN1A, GADD45G, NGFR, and EPHA2—and NCI-H23 cells—HGF, MET, COL5A2, MCM7, and GNG4—were highly associated with PI3K, cell cycle-apoptosis, and MAPK signaling pathways. In conclusion, MS13 may induce antiproliferation and apoptosis activity in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of NSCLC cells by modulating DEGs associated with PI3K-AKT, cell cycle-apoptosis, and MAPK pathways. Therefore, our present findings could provide an insight into the anticancer activity of MS13 and merits further investigation as a potential anticancer agent for NSCLC cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nur Baitty Wan Mohd Tajuddin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
- Global Asia in the 21s Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
- Global Asia in the 21s Century Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-5514-63-45
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Mergenthaler P, Hariharan S, Pemberton JM, Lourenco C, Penn LZ, Andrews DW. Rapid 3D phenotypic analysis of neurons and organoids using data-driven cell segmentation-free machine learning. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008630. [PMID: 33617523 PMCID: PMC7932518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic profiling of large three-dimensional microscopy data sets has not been widely adopted due to the challenges posed by cell segmentation and feature selection. The computational demands of automated processing further limit analysis of hard-to-segment images such as of neurons and organoids. Here we describe a comprehensive shallow-learning framework for automated quantitative phenotyping of three-dimensional (3D) image data using unsupervised data-driven voxel-based feature learning, which enables computationally facile classification, clustering and advanced data visualization. We demonstrate the analysis potential on complex 3D images by investigating the phenotypic alterations of: neurons in response to apoptosis-inducing treatments and morphogenesis for oncogene-expressing human mammary gland acinar organoids. Our novel implementation of image analysis algorithms called Phindr3D allowed rapid implementation of data-driven voxel-based feature learning into 3D high content analysis (HCA) operations and constitutes a major practical advance as the computed assignments represent the biology while preserving the heterogeneity of the underlying data. Phindr3D is provided as Matlab code and as a stand-alone program (https://github.com/DWALab/Phindr3D). Fluorescence microscopy is a fundamental technology for cell biology. However, unbiased quantitative phenotypic analysis of microscopy images of cells grown in 3D organoids or in dense culture conditions in large enough numbers to reach statistical clarity remains a fundamental challenge. Here, we report that using data-driven voxel-based features and machine learning it is possible to analyze complex 3D image data without compressing them to 2D, identifying individual cells or using computationally intensive deep learning techniques. Further, we present methods for analyzing this data by classification or clustering. Together these techniques provide the means for facile discovery and interpretation of meaningful patterns in a high dimensional feature space without complex image processing and prior knowledge or assumptions about the feature space. Our method enables novel opportunities for rapid large-scale multivariate phenotypic microscopy image analysis in 3D using a standard desktop computer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Mergenthaler
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology, Department of Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin, NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (PM); (DWA)
| | - Santosh Hariharan
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M. Pemberton
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corey Lourenco
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Linda Z. Penn
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W. Andrews
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail: (PM); (DWA)
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11
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Wu G, Xia J, Yang Z, Chen Y, Jiang W, Yin T, Yang J. CircASPH promotes KGN cells proliferation through miR-375/MAP2K6 axis in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 26:1817-1825. [PMID: 33372369 PMCID: PMC8918404 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a kind of endocrine disorder which is prevalent in adult women, so exploring more biomarkers for PCOS is imperative. Recently, circular RNA and microRNA are confirmed to be related with PCOS development. Whether circular RNA ASPH (circASPH) is involved in PCOS need to be studied further. We utilized RT‐qPCR to measure the expression levels of circASPH, miR‐375 and MAP2K6 in PCOS patients and normal group. The effects of circASPH and miR‐375 on KGN cells proliferation and apoptosis were observed by CCK‐8 assay, EdU incorporation assay and apoptosis assay, separately. Then Dual‐luciferase reporter assay was carried out to verify the circASPH/miR375 axis and miR375/MAP2K6 axis. The interaction between circASPH and MAP2K6 were detected with the support of RT‐qPCR and Western blot. We found circASPH and MAP2K6 were both over‐expressed in PCOS patients, while miR‐375 was in the opposite direction. Moreover, miR‐375 was negatively regulated by circASPH, while MAP2K6 was positively regulated by circASPH. In addition, circASPH directly targeted miR‐375, which targeted MAP2K6. More than that, the knockdown of circASPH repressed KGN cells proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, while the silence of miR‐375 reversed the above effects. In conclusion, circASPH promotes KGN cells proliferation through miR‐375/MAP2K6 axis in PCOS, and they are thought‐provoking biomarkers for PCOS diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengxiang Wu
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tailang Yin
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Reproductive Medical Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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12
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Kwong AJ, Scheidt KA. Non-'classical' MEKs: A review of MEK3-7 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127203. [PMID: 32389527 PMCID: PMC7299838 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The MAPK pathways are an enduring area of interest due to their essential roles in cell processes. Increased expression and activity can lead to a multitude of diseases, sparking research efforts in developing inhibitors against these kinases. Though great strides have been made in developing MEK1/2 inhibitors, there is a notable lack of chemical probes for MEK3-7, given their central role in stimuli response, cell growth, and development. This review summarizes the progress that has been made on developing small molecule probes for MEK3-7, the specific disease states in which they have been studied, and their potential to become novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada J Kwong
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States.
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13
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Circ_016719 plays a critical role in neuron cell apoptosis induced by I/R via targeting miR-29c/Map2k6. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 49:101478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2019.101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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14
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Dong N, Xu X, Xue C, Wang C, Li X, Bi C, Shan A. Ethyl pyruvate inhibits LPS induced IPEC-J2 inflammation and apoptosis through p38 and ERK1/2 pathways. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:2614-2628. [PMID: 31475609 PMCID: PMC6773235 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1653106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The endotoxin of Gram-negative bacteria threatens the intestinal health of livestock. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has been shown to regulate intestinal immunity and protect against cell and tissue damage. In this study, it was first verified that EP could reduce the secretion of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in LPS-induced IPEC-J2 cells. Then, we used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of inflammatory factors induced by LPS in IPEC-J2 cells. It was found that LPS induced the upregulation of 377 genes and the downregulation of 477 genes compared to Vehicle; LPS+EP induced the upregulation of 258 genes and the downregulation of 240 genes compared to Vehicle; and LPS+EP induced the upregulation of 373 genes and the downregulation of 188 genes compared to LPS (fold change > 1.5 and FDR < 0.01). Their enrichment pathways included the MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and other pathways. Furthermore, the mRNA level of cytokines associated with inflammation and apoptosis enriched in the MAPK pathway was verified by qRT-PCR. Western blots and immunofluorescence revealed that EP significantly inhibited phosphorylated p38 and phosphorylated-ERK1/2 protein expression levels (P < 0.05). The apoptosis due to LPS reduced by EP was significantly inhibited, as shown by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. According to the results, EP inhibited the expression of IL-8, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β as well as apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK1/2 in LPS-induced IPEC-J2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Dong
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xinyao Xu
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Xue
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chensi Wang
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xinran Li
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Chongpeng Bi
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Anshan Shan
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
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15
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Galzi JL. L’édition de gènes dans la découverte du médicament et l’innovation thérapeutique. Med Sci (Paris) 2019; 35:309-315. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2019068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
On lit régulièrement dans la presse que les méthodes thérapeutiques récentes vont supplanter celles plus traditionnelles de la pharmacopée. Le biomédicament et les thérapies géniques connaissent un essor considérable, mais on s’aperçoit que chaque approche thérapeutique a ses contraintes et ses limites et que les champs thérapeutiques les plus pertinents sont le plus souvent complémentaires de ceux du médicament traditionnel, plutôt que concurrents, et bien souvent synergiques. Cette revue met en perspective les méthodes de l’édition de génomes avec celle de la découverte du médicament, dans le domaine de l’innovation thérapeutique.
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16
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Cardenolides: Insights from chemical structure and pharmacological utility. Pharmacol Res 2018; 141:123-175. [PMID: 30579976 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac glycosides (CGs) are a class of naturally occurring steroid-like compounds, and members of this class have been in clinical use for more than 1500 years. They have been used in folk medicine as arrow poisons, abortifacients, heart tonics, emetics, and diuretics as well as in other applications. The major use of CGs today is based on their ability to inhibit the membrane-bound Na+/K+-ATPase enzyme, and they are regarded as an effective treatment for congestive heart failure (CHF), cardiac arrhythmia and atrial fibrillation. Furthermore, increasing evidence has indicated the potential cytotoxic effects of CGs against various types of cancer. In this review, we highlight some of the structural features of this class of natural products that are crucial for their efficacy, some methods of isolating these compounds from natural resources, and the structural elucidation tools that have been used. We also describe their physicochemical properties and several modern biotechnological approaches for preparing CGs that do not require plant sources.
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17
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Chen YT, Xie JY, Sun Q, Mo WJ. Novel drug candidates for treating esophageal carcinoma: A study on differentially expressed genes, using connectivity mapping and molecular docking. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:152-166. [PMID: 30387840 PMCID: PMC6254996 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with esophageal carcinoma (ESCA) have a poor prognosis and high mortality rate. Although standard therapies have had effect, there is an urgent requirement to develop novel options, as increasing drug tolerance has been identified in clinical practice. In the present study, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of ESCA were identified in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases. Functional and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed. The Connectivity Map (CMAP) was selected to predict drugs for the treatment of ESCA, and their target genes were acquired from the Search Tool for Interactions of Chemicals (STITCH) by uploading the Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System structure. Additionally, significant target genes and ESCA-associated hub genes were extracted using another PPI analysis, and the corresponding drugs were added to construct a network. Furthermore, the binding affinity between predicted drug candidates and ESCA-associated hub genes was calculated using molecular docking. Finally, 827 DEGs (|log2 fold-change|≥2; q-value <0.05), which are principally involved in protein digestion and absorption (P<0.005), the plasminogen-activating cascade (P<0.01), as well as the ‘biological regulation’ of the Biological Process, ‘membrane’ of the Cellular Component and ‘protein binding’ of the Molecular Function categories, were obtained. Additionally, 11 hub genes were obtained from the PPI network (all degrees ≥30). Furthermore, the 15 first screen drugs were extracted from CMAP (score <−0.85) and the 9 second screen drugs with 70 target genes were extracted from STITCH. Furthermore, another PPI analysis extracted 51 genes, and apigenin, baclofen, Prestwick-685, menadione, butyl hydroxybenzoate, gliclazide and valproate were selected as drug candidates for ESCA. Those molecular docking results with a docking score of >5.52 indicated the significance of apigenin, Prestwick-685 and menadione. The results of the present study may lead to novel drug candidates for ESCA, among which Prestwick-685 and menadione were identified to be significant new drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Yi Xie
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Jia Mo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Quantitative proteome analysis identifies MAP2K6 as potential regulator of LIFR-induced radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:274-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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