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Wang J, Yang B, Chandra J, Ivanov A, Brown JM, Florian R. Preventing fibrosis in IBD: update on immune pathways and clinical strategies. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:727-734. [PMID: 38475672 PMCID: PMC11180587 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2330604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intestinal fibrosis is a common and serious complication of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) driving stricture formation in Crohn's disease patients and leading to submucosal damage in ulcerative colitis. Recent studies provided novel insights into the role of immune and nonimmune components in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis. Those new findings may accelerate the development of anti-fibrotic treatment in IBD patients. AREAS COVERED This review is designed to cover the recent progress in mechanistic research and therapeutic developments on intestinal fibrosis in IBD patients, including new cell clusters, cytokines, proteins, microbiota, creeping fat, and anti-fibrotic therapies. EXPERT OPINION Due to the previously existing major obstacle of missing consensus on stricture definitions and the absence of clinical trial endpoints, testing of drugs with an anti-fibrotic mechanism is just starting in stricturing Crohn's disease (CD). A biomarker to stratify CD patients at diagnosis without any complications into at-risk populations for future strictures would be highly desirable. Further investigations are needed to identify novel mechanisms of fibrogenesis in the intestine that are targetable and ideally gut specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunology, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Inflammation and Immunology, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Jyotsna Chandra
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrei Ivanov
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rieder Florian
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Program for Global Translational Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Xin S, Liu X, He C, Gao H, Wang B, Hua R, Gao L, Shang H, Sun F, Xu J. Inflammation accelerating intestinal fibrosis: from mechanism to clinic. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:335. [PMID: 38890719 PMCID: PMC11184829 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a prevalent complication of IBD that that can frequently be triggered by prolonged inflammation. Fibrosis in the gut can cause a number of issues, which continue as an ongoing challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. The primary causes of intestinal fibrosis are soluble molecules, G protein-coupled receptors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal or endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and the gut microbiota. Fresh perspectives coming from in vivo and in vitro experimental models demonstrate that fibrogenic pathways might be different, at least to some extent, independent of the ones that influence inflammation. Understanding the distinctive procedures of intestinal fibrogenesis should provide a realistic foundation for targeting and blocking specific fibrogenic pathways, estimating the risk of fibrotic consequences, detecting early fibrotic alterations, and eventually allowing therapy development. Here, we first summarize the inflammatory and non-inflammatory components of fibrosis, and then we elaborate on the underlying mechanism associated with multiple cytokines in fibrosis, providing the framework for future clinical practice. Following that, we discuss the relationship between modernization and disease, as well as the shortcomings of current studies. We outline fibrosis diagnosis and therapy, as well as our recommendations for the future treatment of intestinal fibrosis. We anticipate that the global review will provides a wealth of fresh knowledge and suggestions for future fibrosis clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aerospace Clinical Medical College, Aerospace Central Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Boya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Renal Cancer and Melanoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Intelligent Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hongwei Shang
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Fangling Sun
- Department of Laboratory Animal Research, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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3
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Ehnert S, Rinderknecht H, Liu C, Voss M, Konrad FM, Eisler W, Alexander D, Ngamsri KC, Histing T, Rollmann MF, Nussler AK. Increased Levels of BAMBI Inhibit Canonical TGF-β Signaling in Chronic Wound Tissues. Cells 2023; 12:2095. [PMID: 37626905 PMCID: PMC10453918 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds affect more than 2% of the population worldwide, with a significant burden on affected individuals, healthcare systems, and societies. A key regulator of the entire wound healing cascade is transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), which regulates not only inflammation and extracellular matrix formation but also revascularization. This present work aimed at characterizing wound tissues obtained from acute and chronic wounds regarding angiogenesis, inflammation, as well as ECM formation and degradation, to identify common disturbances in the healing process. Serum and wound tissues from 38 patients (N = 20 acute and N = 18 chronic wounds) were analyzed. The patients' sera suggested a shift from VEGF/VEGFR to ANGPT/TIE2 signaling in the chronic wounds. However, this shift was not confirmed in the wound tissues. Instead, the chronic wound tissues showed increased levels of MMP9, a known activator of TGF-β. However, regulation of TGF-β target genes, such as CTGF, COL1A1, or IL-6, was absent in the chronic wounds. In wound tissues, all three TGF-β isoforms were expressed with increased levels of TGF-β1 and TGF-β3 and a reporter assay confirmed that the expressed TGF-β was activated. However, Western blots and immunostaining showed decreased canonical TGF-β signaling in the respective chronic wound tissues, suggesting the presence of a TGF-β inhibitor. As a potential regulatory mechanism, the TGF-β proteome profiler array suggested elevated levels of the TGF-β pseudo-receptor BAMBI. Also, tissue expression of BAMBI was significantly increased not only in chronic wounds (10.6-fold) but also in acute wounds that had become chronic (9.5-fold). In summary, our data indicate a possible regulatory role of BAMBI in the development of chronic wounds. The available few in vivo studies support our findings by postulating a therapeutic potential of BAMBI for controlling scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Ehnert
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Helen Rinderknecht
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Chao Liu
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Melanie Voss
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Franziska M. Konrad
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.M.K.); (K.-C.N.)
| | - Wiebke Eisler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Dorothea Alexander
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Tübingen, Osianderstr 2-8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Kristian-Christos Ngamsri
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Straße 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (F.M.K.); (K.-C.N.)
| | - Tina Histing
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Mika F. Rollmann
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
| | - Andreas K. Nussler
- Siegfried Weller Research Institute, BG Unfallklinik Tübingen, Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Tübingen, Schnarrenbergstr. 95, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (W.E.); (M.F.R.); (A.K.N.)
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Mony MP, Harmon KA, Hess R, Dorafshar AH, Shafikhani SH. An Updated Review of Hypertrophic Scarring. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050678. [PMID: 36899815 PMCID: PMC10000648 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scarring (HTS) is an aberrant form of wound healing that is associated with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix and connective tissue at the site of injury. In this review article, we provide an overview of normal (acute) wound healing phases (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling). We next discuss the dysregulated and/or impaired mechanisms in wound healing phases that are associated with HTS development. We next discuss the animal models of HTS and their limitations, and review the current and emerging treatments of HTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjula P. Mony
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Kelly A. Harmon
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ryan Hess
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Amir H. Dorafshar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sasha H. Shafikhani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology and Cell Therapy, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Cancer Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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The uPA/uPAR System Orchestrates the Inflammatory Response, Vascular Homeostasis, and Immune System in Fibrosis Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021796. [PMID: 36675310 PMCID: PMC9866279 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases, such as systemic sclerosis (SSc), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, renal fibrosis and liver cirrhosis are characterized by tissue overgrowth due to excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Fibrosis progression is caused by ECM overproduction and the inhibition of ECM degradation due to several events, including inflammation, vascular endothelial dysfunction, and immune abnormalities. Recently, it has been reported that urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR), known to be fibrinolytic factors, orchestrate the inflammatory response, vascular homeostasis, and immune homeostasis system. The uPA/uPAR system may show promise as a potential therapeutic target for fibrotic diseases. This review considers the role of the uPA/uPAR system in the progression of fibrotic diseases.
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6
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Lu H, Xiao L, Wang W, Li X, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Wang X. Fibrinolysis Regulation: A Promising Approach to Promote Osteogenesis. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:1192-1208. [PMID: 35442086 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Soon after bone fracture, the initiation of the coagulation cascade results in the formation of a blood clot, which acts as a natural material to facilitate cell migration and osteogenic differentiation at the fracture site. The existence of hematoma is important in early stage of bone healing, but the persistence of hematoma is considered harmful for bone regeneration. Fibrinolysis is recently regarded as a period of critical transition in angiogenic-osteogenic coupling, it thereby is vital for the complete healing of the bone. Moreover, the enhanced fibrinolysis is proposed to boost bone regeneration through promoting the formation of blood vessels, and fibrinolysis system as well as the products of fibrinolysis also play crucial roles in the bone healing process. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to elucidate the fibrinolysis-derived effects on osteogenesis and summarize the potential approaches-improving bone healing by regulating fibrinolysis, with the purpose to further understand the integral roles of fibrinolysis in bone regeneration and to provide theoretical knowledge for potential fibrinolysis-related osteogenesis strategies. Impact statement Fibrinolysis emerging as a new and viable therapeutic intervention to be contained within osteogenesis strategies, however to now, there have been no review articles which collates the information between fibrinolysis and osteogenesis. This review, therefore, focusses on the effects that fibrinolysis exerts on bone healing, with a purpose to provide theoretical reference to develop new strategies to modulate fibrinolysis to accelerate fibrinolysis thus enhancing bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Center for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Australia-China Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Weiqun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xuyan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Hygiene Toxicology, School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.,School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Center for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The Australia-China Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Mizuno Y, Watanabe S, Katano M, Yanagihara T, Maki N, Sato Y, Taguchi T. Comparative study of hydrophobically modified gelatin-based sealant with commercially available sealants. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 110:909-915. [PMID: 34866336 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Air leakage is one of the major complications related to pulmonary surgeries. To reduce this complication, we developed a decyl group (C10)-modified Alaska pollock gelatin (ApGltn) (C10-ApGltn) sealant and evaluated its practical performance against commercially available sealants, Beriplast® and DuraSeal®. C10-ApGltn was synthesized by reductive amination of the amino groups in ApGltn with decanal. C10-ApGltn was crosslinked with a poly(ethylene glycol)-based crosslinker to form a tissue sealant. The crosslinking time of the C10-ApGltn sealant was fast enough for curing on tissue and application as a spray system. Although the percent swelling of C10-ApGltn and DuraSeal was significantly greater than Beriplast, C10-ApGltn and DuraSeal exhibited excellent tissue sealing properties on pleura tissue under a long-term moist condition. Additionally, C10-ApGltn and DuraSeal did not cause severe inflammatory responses in a rat subcutaneous example. Therefore, C10-ApGltn sealant had comparable tissue sealing properties to DuraSeal under a moist condition, indicating the potential of C10-ApGltn sealant for pulmonary surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Mizuno
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Polymers and Biomaterials Field, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shiharu Watanabe
- Polymers and Biomaterials Field, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mayumi Katano
- Polymers and Biomaterials Field, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Naoki Maki
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Sato
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Taguchi
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Polymers and Biomaterials Field, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Ibaraki, Japan
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8
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Kearney KJ, Ariëns RAS, Macrae FL. The Role of Fibrin(ogen) in Wound Healing and Infection Control. Semin Thromb Hemost 2021; 48:174-187. [PMID: 34428799 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Fibrinogen, one of the most abundant plasma proteins playing a key role in hemostasis, is an important modulator of wound healing and host defense against microbes. In the current review, we address the role of fibrin(ogen) throughout the process of wound healing and subsequent tissue repair. Initially fibrin(ogen) acts as a provisional matrix supporting incoming leukocytes and acting as reservoir for growth factors. It later goes on to support re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, and fibroplasia. Importantly, removal of fibrin(ogen) from the wound is essential for wound healing to progress. We also discuss how fibrin(ogen) functions through several mechanisms to protect the host against bacterial infection by providing a physical barrier, entrapment of bacteria in fibrin(ogen) networks, and by directing immune cell function. The central role of fibrin(ogen) in defense against bacterial infection has made it a target of bacterial proteins, evolved to interact with fibrin(ogen) to manipulate clot formation and degradation for the purpose of promoting microbial virulence and survival. Further understanding of the dual roles of fibrin(ogen) in wound healing and infection could provide novel means of therapy to improve recovery from surgical or chronic wounds and help to prevent infection from highly virulent bacterial strains, including those resistant to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Kearney
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A S Ariëns
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fraser L Macrae
- Discovery and Translational Science Department, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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9
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Yoodee S, Noonin C, Sueksakit K, Kanlaya R, Chaiyarit S, Peerapen P, Thongboonkerd V. Effects of secretome derived from macrophages exposed to calcium oxalate crystals on renal fibroblast activation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:959. [PMID: 34381146 PMCID: PMC8358035 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between kidney stone disease and renal fibrosis has been widely explored in recent years but its underlying mechanisms remain far from complete understanding. Using label-free quantitative proteomics (nanoLC-ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap MS/MS), this study identified 23 significantly altered secreted proteins from calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM)-exposed macrophages (COM-MP) compared with control macrophages (Ctrl-MP) secretome. Functional annotation and protein-protein interactions network analysis revealed that these altered secreted proteins were involved mainly in inflammatory response and fibroblast activation. BHK-21 renal fibroblasts treated with COM-MP secretome had more spindle-shaped morphology with greater spindle index. Immunofluorescence study and gelatin zymography revealed increased levels of fibroblast activation markers (α-smooth muscle actin and F-actin) and fibrotic factors (fibronectin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and -2) in the COM-MP secretome-treated fibroblasts. Our findings indicate that proteins secreted from macrophages exposed to COM crystals induce renal fibroblast activation and may play important roles in renal fibrogenesis in kidney stone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chadanat Noonin
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanyarat Sueksakit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sakdithep Chaiyarit
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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10
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Wang J, Lin S, Brown JM, van Wagoner D, Fiocchi C, Rieder F. Novel mechanisms and clinical trial endpoints in intestinal fibrosis. Immunol Rev 2021; 302:211-227. [PMID: 33993489 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) worldwide has resulted in a global public health challenge. Intestinal fibrosis leading to stricture formation and bowel obstruction is a frequent complication in Crohn's disease (CD), and the lack of anti-fibrotic therapies makes elucidation of fibrosis mechanisms a priority. Progress has shown that mesenchymal cells, cytokines, microbial products, and mesenteric adipocytes are jointly implicated in the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis. This recent information puts prevention or reversal of intestinal strictures within reach through innovative therapies validated by reliable clinical trial endpoints. Here, we review the role of immune and non-immune components of the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis, including new cell clusters, cytokine networks, host-microbiome interactions, creeping fat, and their translation for endpoint development in anti-fibrotic clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Drug, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sinan Lin
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jonathan Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David van Wagoner
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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11
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Pavlović N, Calitz C, Thanapirom K, Mazza G, Rombouts K, Gerwins P, Heindryckx F. Inhibiting IRE1α-endonuclease activity decreases tumor burden in a mouse model for hepatocellular carcinoma. eLife 2020; 9:e55865. [PMID: 33103995 PMCID: PMC7661042 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a liver tumor that usually arises in patients with cirrhosis. Hepatic stellate cells are key players in the progression of HCC, as they create a fibrotic micro-environment and produce growth factors and cytokines that enhance tumor cell proliferation and migration. We assessed the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the cross-talk between stellate cells and HCC cells. Mice with a fibrotic HCC were treated with the IRE1α-inhibitor 4μ8C, which reduced tumor burden and collagen deposition. By co-culturing HCC-cells with stellate cells, we found that HCC-cells activate IREα in stellate cells, thereby contributing to their activation. Inhibiting IRE1α blocked stellate cell activation, which then decreased proliferation and migration of tumor cells in different in vitro 2D and 3D co-cultures. In addition, we also observed cell-line-specific direct effects of inhibiting IRE1α in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Pavlović
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Carlemi Calitz
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Kess Thanapirom
- Regenerative Medicine & Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Guiseppe Mazza
- Regenerative Medicine & Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Krista Rombouts
- Regenerative Medicine & Fibrosis Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Pär Gerwins
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University HospitalUppsalaSweden
| | - Femke Heindryckx
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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