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Hwang J, Bang S, Choi MH, Hong SH, Kim SW, Lee HE, Yang JH, Park US, Choi YJ. Discovery and Validation of Survival-Specific Genes in Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Using a Customized Next-Generation Sequencing Gene Panel. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2006. [PMID: 38893126 PMCID: PMC11171119 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC), the second most common kidney cancer, is morphologically, genetically, and molecularly heterogeneous with diverse clinical manifestations. Genetic variations of PRCC and their association with survival are not yet well-understood. This study aimed to identify and validate survival-specific genes in PRCC and explore their clinical utility. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using machine learning, 293 patients from the Cancer Genome Atlas-Kidney Renal Papillary Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-KIRP) database were analyzed to derive genes associated with survival. To validate these genes, DNAs were extracted from the tissues of 60 Korean PRCC patients. Next generation sequencing was conducted using a customized PRCC gene panel of 202 genes, including 171 survival-specific genes. Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank tests were used for survival analysis. Fisher's exact test was performed to assess the clinical utility of variant genes. RESULTS A total of 40 survival-specific genes were identified in the TCGA-KIRP database through machine learning and statistical analysis. Of them, 10 (BAP1, BRAF, CFDP1, EGFR, ITM2B, JAK1, NODAL, PCSK2, SPATA13, and SYT5) were validated in the Korean-KIRP database. Among these survival gene signatures, three genes (BAP1, PCSK2, and SPATA13) showed survival specificity in both overall survival (OS) (p = 0.00004, p = 1.38 × 10-7, and p = 0.026, respectively) and disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.00002, p = 1.21 × 10-7, and p = 0.036, respectively). Notably, the PCSK2 mutation demonstrated survival specificity uniquely in both the TCGA-KIRP (OS: p = 0.010 and DFS: p = 0.301) and Korean-KIRP (OS: p = 1.38 × 10-7 and DFS: p = 1.21 × 10-7) databases. CONCLUSIONS We discovered and verified genes specific for the survival of PRCC patients in the TCGA-KIRP and Korean-KIRP databases. The survival gene signature, including PCSK2 commonly obtained from the 40 gene signature of TCGA and the 10 gene signature of the Korean database, is expected to provide insight into predicting the survival of PRCC patients and developing new treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Hwang
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (H.E.L.)
| | - Seokhwan Bang
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.B.); (S.-H.H.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Moon Hyung Choi
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Hoo Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.B.); (S.-H.H.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Sae Woong Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (S.B.); (S.-H.H.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Hye Eun Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (H.E.L.)
| | - Ji Hoon Yang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea; (J.H.Y.); (U.S.P.)
| | - Un Sang Park
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea; (J.H.Y.); (U.S.P.)
| | - Yeong Jin Choi
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.H.); (H.E.L.)
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Liang Y, Wei X, Yue PJ, Zhang HC, Li ZN, Wang XX, Sun YY, Fu WN. MYCT1 inhibits hematopoiesis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma by suppressing RUNX1 transcription. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:5. [PMID: 38172714 PMCID: PMC10763471 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abnormality of chromosomal karyotype is one factor causing poor prognosis of lymphoma. In the analysis of abnormal karyotype of lymphoma patients, three smallest overlap regions were found, in which MYCT1 was located. MYCT1 is the first tumor suppressor gene cloned by our research team, but its studies relating to the occurrence and development of lymphoma have not been reported. METHODS R banding analyses were employed to screen the abnormality of chromosomal karyotype in clinical specimen and MYCT1 over-expression cell lines. FISH was to monitor MYCT1 copy number aberration. RT-PCR and Western blot were to detect the mRNA and protein levels of the MYCT1 and RUNX1 genes, respectively. The MYCT1 and RUNX1 protein levels in clinical specimen were evaluated by immunohistochemical DAB staining. The interaction between MYCT1 and MAX proteins was identified via Co-IP and IF. The binding of MAX on the promoter of the RUNX1 gene was detected by ChIP and Dual-luciferase reporter assay, respectively. Flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay were to explore the effects of MYCT1 and RUNX1 on the cell cycle and proliferation, respectively. RESULTS MYCT1 was located in one of three smallest overlap regions of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, it altered chromosomal instability of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells. MYCT1 negatively correlated with RUNX1 in lymphoma tissues of the patients. MAX directly promoted the RUNX1 gene transcription by binding to its promoter region. MYCT1 may represses RUNX1 transcription by binding MAX in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells. MYCT1 binding to MAX probably suppressed RUNX1 transcription, leading to the inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle of the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells. CONCLUSION This study finds that there is a MYCT1-MAX-RUNX1 signaling pathway in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. And the study provides clues and basis for the in-depth studies of MYCT1 in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Jie Yue
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - He-Cheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ning Li
- Department of Oromaxillofacial-Head and Neck Surgery, Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xue Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Neng Fu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, People's Republic of China.
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Dong X, Xue S, Chen C, Jiang Z, Wu X, Wang W. MYCT-1 Gene Expression in Patients with Gastric Cancer: an Ex Vivo Study. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04754-w. [PMID: 38112991 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04754-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Ploidy, p53, bcl-2, and c-myc genes are associated with gastric cancer. Myc target 1 (MYCT1) gene is an oncogenic gene and is associated with cancer progression through different signal transduction pathways identifying the corresponding genes The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between MYCT1 gene expression and gastric cancer. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot analysis, cell growth study, and TUNEL assay were performed for the human gastric cancer cell lines and human embryonic kidney cell line. β-Actin gene preferred as a control in RT-PCR. The ratio of MYCT1 gene expression to β-actin gene expression less than 0.5 was considered as downregulation. Using SDS-PAGE MYCT1 gene expression was measured in western blot analysis. Cells with and without the MYCT1 gene were incubated in 35 mm plates with 10% fetal bovine serum in the cell growth study. TUNEL assay was performed to detect the effect of the MYCT1 gene on the apoptosis of cells. The ratio of MYCT1 gene expression to β-actin gene expression was 0.47 ± 0.01 and 0.76 ± 0.01 for human gastric cancer cell lines and human embryonic kidney cell lines, respectively. MYCT1 gene expression was downregulated in the human gastric cancer cell lines than human embryonic kidney cell line (p < 0.001). MYCT1 gene decreased cell growth (p = 0.041) during 6 days of incubation study of cells. TUNEL assay showed only the fluorescence of PI in BGC823 cells without the MYCT1 gene. MYCT1 gene expression was downregulated in the human gastric cancer cell lines, and MYCT1 gene accelerates the apoptotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China.
| | - Song Xue
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Zonghui Jiang
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Xiangdu Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
| | - Weifei Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, The Affiliated Chuzhou Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Chuzhou, China
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Li X, Fan QL, Ma TK, Liu C, Shi H, Sun YY, Wang Y, Ding DX, Tang A, Qin Y, Yang Q, Ding H, Li HY, Fu WN. MYCT1 attenuates renal fibrosis and tubular injury in diabetic kidney disease. iScience 2023; 26:107609. [PMID: 37664593 PMCID: PMC10470386 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial abnormalities contribute to the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the underlying mechanism of the pathobiology of tubulointerstitial disease is largely unknown. Here, we showed that MYCT1 expression was downregulated in in vitro and in vivo DKD models. Adeno-associated virus (AAV)-Myct1 significantly attenuated renal dysfunction and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic db/db mice and downregulated Sp1 transcription and TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway activation. In human proximal tubular epithelial cells, high glucose-induced high expression of SP1 and TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway activation as well as overaccumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) were abrogated by MYCT1 overexpression. Mechanistically, the binding of VDR to the MYCT1 promoter was predicted and confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter and ChIP analysis. VDR transcriptionally upregulates MYCT1. Our data reveal MYCT1 as a new and potential therapeutic target in treating DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Nephrology, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiu-Ling Fan
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian-Kui Ma
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong-Xue Ding
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ao Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hang-Yu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Fourth Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Neng Fu
- Department of Medical Genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Xu J, Sun Y, Fu W, Fu S. MYCT1 in cancer development: Gene structure, regulation, and biological implications for diagnosis and treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115208. [PMID: 37499454 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myc target 1 (MYCT1), located at 6q25.2, is a crucial player in cancer development. While widely distributed in cells, its subcellular localization varies across different cancer types. As a novel c-Myc target gene, MYCT1 is subject to regulation by multiple transcription factors. Studies have revealed aberrant expression of MYCT1 in various cancers, impacting pivotal biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, migration, genomic instability, and differentiation in cancer cells. Additionally, MYCT1 plays a critical role in modulating tumor angiogenesis and remodeling tumor immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. Despite certain debated functions, MYCT1 undeniably holds significance in cancer development. In this review, we comprehensively examine the relationship between MYCT1 and cancer, encompassing gene structure, regulation of gene expression, gene mutation, and biological function, with the aim of providing valuable insights for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Xu
- Department of Medical genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- Department of Medical genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, PR China
| | - Weineng Fu
- Department of Medical genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, PR China
| | - Shuang Fu
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, PR China; Department of Medical genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, PR China.
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Chen R, Hao X, Chen J, Zhang C, Fan H, Lian F, Chen X, Wang C, Xia Y. Integrated multi-omics analyses reveal Jorunnamycin A as a novel suppressor for muscle-invasive bladder cancer by targeting FASN and TOP1. J Transl Med 2023; 21:549. [PMID: 37587470 PMCID: PMC10428641 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is a urological carcinoma with high incidence, among which muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is a malignant carcinoma with high mortality. There is an urgent need to develop new drugs with low toxicity and high efficiency for MIBC because existing medication has defects, such as high toxicity, poor efficacy, and side effects. Jorunnamycin A (JorA), a natural marine compound, has been found to have a high efficiency anticancer effect, but its anticancer function and mechanism on bladder cancer have not been studied. METHODS To examine the anticancer effect of JorA on MIBC, Cell Counting Kit 8, EdU staining, and colony formation analyses were performed. Moreover, a xenograft mouse model was used to verify the anticancer effect in vivo. To investigate the pharmacological mechanism of JorA, high-throughput quantitative proteomics, transcriptomics, RT-qPCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, pulldown assays, and molecular docking were performed. RESULTS JorA inhibited the proliferation of MIBC cells, and the IC50 of T24 and UM-UC-3 was 0.054 and 0.084 μM, respectively. JorA-induced significantly changed proteins were enriched in "cancer-related pathways" and "EGFR-related signaling pathways", which mainly manifested by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis. Specifically, JorA dampened the DNA synthesis rate, induced phosphatidylserine eversion, and inhibited cell migration. Furthermore, it was discovered that fatty acid synthase (FASN) and topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) are the JorA interaction proteins. Using DockThor software, the 3D docking structures of JorA binding to FASN and TOP1 were obtained (the binding affinities were - 8.153 and - 7.264 kcal/mol, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The marine compound JorA was discovered to have a specific inhibitory effect on MIBC, and its potential pharmacological mechanism was revealed for the first time. This discovery makes an important contribution to the development of new high efficiency and low toxicity drugs for bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijiao Chen
- Medical Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hao
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, No. 133 Hehua Road, Taibaihu District, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, No. 133 Hehua Road, Taibaihu District, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Changyue Zhang
- Medical Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, Shandong, China
| | - Huixia Fan
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, No. 133 Hehua Road, Taibaihu District, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Fuming Lian
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, No. 133 Hehua Road, Taibaihu District, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaochuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Urology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, 272106, Shandong, China.
| | - Yong Xia
- Medical Laboratory of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, No. 133 Hehua Road, Taibaihu District, Jining, 272067, Shandong, China.
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Underlying mechanisms of epithelial splicing regulatory proteins in cancer progression. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1539-1556. [PMID: 36163376 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the second-leading disease-related cause of global mortality after cardiovascular disease. Despite significant advances in cancer therapeutic strategies, cancer remains one of the major obstacles to human life extension. Cancer pathogenesis is extremely complicated and not fully understood. Epithelial splicing regulatory proteins (ESRPs), including ESRP1 and ESRP2, belong to the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein family of RNA-binding proteins and are crucial regulators of the alternative splicing of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). The expression and activity of ESRPs are modulated by various mechanisms, including post-translational modifications and non-coding RNAs. Although a growing body of evidence suggests that ESRP dysregulation is closely associated with cancer progression, the detailed mechanisms remain inconclusive. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the structures, functions, and regulatory mechanisms of ESRPs and focus on their underlying mechanisms in cancer progression. We also highlight the clinical implications of ESRPs as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. The information reviewed herein could be extremely beneficial to the development of individualized therapeutic strategies for cancer patients.
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Li D, Dong K, Su J, Xue H, Tian J, Wu Y, Wang J. The analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cell and ceRNA networks in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29555. [PMID: 35945754 PMCID: PMC9351901 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is one of the most common forms of head and neck cancers. However, few studies have focused on the correlation between competing endogenous RNA (ceRNAs) and immune cells in LSCC. METHODS RNAseq expression of LSCC and adjacent tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas to establish a ceRNA network. The key gene in ceRNA was screened by the cox regression analysis to establish a prognostic risk assessment model. The CIBERSORT algorithm was then used to screen important tumor-infiltrating cells related to LSCC. Finally, co-expression analysis was applied to explore the relationship between key genes in the ceRNA network and tumor-infiltrating cells. The external datasets were used to validate critical biomarkers. RESULTS We constructed a prognostic risk assessment model of key genes in the ceRNA network. As it turned out, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed significant differences in overall survival rates between high-risk and low-risk groups (P < .001). The survival rate of the high-risk group was drastically lower than that of the low-risk group, and the AUC of 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years were all above 0.7. In addition, some immune infiltrating cells were also found to be related to LSCC. In the co-expression analysis, there is a negative correlation between plasma cells and TUBB3 (r = -0.33, P = .0013). External dataset validation also supports this result. CONCLUSION In this study, we found that some key genes (SLC35C1, CLDN23, HOXB7, STC2, TMEM158, TNFRSF4, TUBB3) and immune cells (plasma cells) may correspond to the prognosis of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei ProvinceChina
| | - Kaifeng Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei ProvinceChina
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei ProvinceChina
| | - Haitao Xue
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei ProvinceChina
| | - Junhai Tian
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei ProvinceChina
| | - Yongfeng Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei ProvinceChina
| | - Jingtian Wang
- Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei ProvinceChina
- * Correspondence: Jingtian Wang, MD, Otorhinolaryngology Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, 12 Jiankang Road, Chang’an District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050011, China (e-mail: )
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Pazos Obregón F, Silvera D, Soto P, Yankilevich P, Guerberoff G, Cantera R. Gene function prediction in five model eukaryotes exclusively based on gene relative location through machine learning. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11655. [PMID: 35803984 PMCID: PMC9270439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15329-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of most genes is unknown. The best results in automated function prediction are obtained with machine learning-based methods that combine multiple data sources, typically sequence derived features, protein structure and interaction data. Even though there is ample evidence showing that a gene's function is not independent of its location, the few available examples of gene function prediction based on gene location rely on sequence identity between genes of different organisms and are thus subjected to the limitations of the relationship between sequence and function. Here we predict thousands of gene functions in five model eukaryotes (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Mus musculus and Homo sapiens) using machine learning models exclusively trained with features derived from the location of genes in the genomes to which they belong. Our aim was not to obtain the best performing method to automated function prediction but to explore the extent to which a gene's location can predict its function in eukaryotes. We found that our models outperform BLAST when predicting terms from Biological Process and Cellular Component Ontologies, showing that, at least in some cases, gene location alone can be more useful than sequence to infer gene function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Pazos Obregón
- Departamento de Biología del Neurodesarrollo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay. .,Unidad de Bioquímica y Proteómica Analíticas, Instituto Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Diego Silvera
- Departamento de Biología del Neurodesarrollo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Soto
- Departamento de Biología del Neurodesarrollo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricio Yankilevich
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA), CONICET-Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Guerberoff
- Instituto de Matemática y Estadística "Prof. Ing. Rafael Laguardia", Facultad de Ingeniería, UDELAR, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Cantera
- Departamento de Biología del Neurodesarrollo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Av. Italia 3318, 11600, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Wang Z, Sun A, Yan A, Yao J, Huang H, Gao Z, Han T, Gu J, Li N, Wu H, Li K. Circular RNA MTCL1 promotes advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma progression by inhibiting C1QBP ubiquitin degradation and mediating beta-catenin activation. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:92. [PMID: 35366893 PMCID: PMC8976408 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01570-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in regulatory processes of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in various tumors at post-transcriptional epigenetic modification level. However, the underlying mechanism and its biological functions of circRNAs in the advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remain obscure. Methods RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) assays were applied to screen for circRNAs differentially expressed in LSCC tissues and cell lines. The candidate RNA-binding proteins and target signalling pathway were detected by RNA pull-down and mass spectrometry, in situ hybridization (ISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), qRT-PCR assays, and bioinformatics analysis. The functional roles of these molecules were investigated using in vitro and in vivo experiments including EdU, transwell, wound healing, western blot assays, and the xenograft mice models. The molecular mechanisms were identified using RNA pull-down assays, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), Co-IP, ISH, Ubiquitination assay, bioinformatics analysis, and the rescue experiments. Results Here, we unveil that microtubule cross-linking factor 1 circRNA (circMTCL1, circ0000825) exerts its critical oncogenic functions by promoting complement C1q-binding protein (C1QBP)-dependent ubiquitin degradation and subsequently activating Wnt/β-catenin signalling in laryngeal carcinoma initiation and development. Specifically, circMTCL1 was remarkably up-regulated in the paired tissues of patients with LSCC (n = 67), which predicted a worse clinical outcome. Functionally, circMTCL1 exerted oncogenic biological charactersistics by promoting cell proliferative capability and invasive and migrative abilities. Ectopic circMTCL1 augumented cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of LSCC cells, and this effect could be reversed by C1QBP knocking down in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, circMTCL1 directly recruited C1QBP protein by harboring the specific recognized sequence (+ 159 − + 210), thereby accelerating the translation of C1QBP expression by inhibiting its ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation. Importantly, the direct interaction of C1QBP with β-catenin protein was enhanced via suppressing the β-catenin phosphorylation and accelerating its accumulation in cytoplasm and nucleus. Conclusion Our findings manifested a novel circMTCL1-C1QBP-β-catenin signaling axis involving in LSCC tumorigenesis and progression, which shed new light on circRNAs-ubiquitous acidic glycoprotein mediated ubiquitin degradation and provided strategies and targets in the therapeutic intervention of LSCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01570-4.
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Ding DX, Wang Y, Yan W, Fu WN. MYCT1 alters the glycogen shunt by regulating selective translation of RACK1-mediated enzymes. iScience 2022; 25:103955. [PMID: 35281731 PMCID: PMC8908216 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCT1 has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor in various tumors, but its role in metabolism has never been reported. Here, we showed that global inactivation of Myct1 in mice led to progressive accumulation of glycogen in the liver, which was accompanied by aberrant changes in intermediates of the glycogen metabolic pathway. Mechanistically, MYCT1 appeared to promote translation efficiency of PGM1, UGP2 and GSK3A in hepatic cells in a RACK1-dependent manner. Consequently, upregulation of the three enzymes enhanced the glycogen shunt. Our data reveal a critical role of MYCT1 as a switch for the glycogen shunt in tumor cells. Myct1 depletion causes glycogen accumulation in mouse liver MYCT1 affects glycogen shunt in tumor and normal cells MYCT1 regulates translation efficiency of glycogen enzymes MYCT1 alters the glycogen shunt in a RACK1 dependent manner
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miR-206 Inhibits Laryngeal Carcinoma Cell Multiplication, Migration, and Invasion. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:5614861. [PMID: 34868522 PMCID: PMC8642001 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5614861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Laryngeal carcinoma (LC) is one of the common human cancer types. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be the essential regulators in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. It was reported that miR-206 expression was reduced in various neoplastic diseases. However, the role and functional mechanism of miR-206 in LC progression remain unclear. In this research, miR-206 was found to be associated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) of miR-206 was 0.902 for diagnosis of LC and 0.854 for differential diagnosis of stage I-II and stage III-IV patients. Low expression of miR-206 was associated with poor prognosis of LC patients. miR-206 expression was an independent factor affecting the prognosis of LC patients, as revealed by the Cox regression analysis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that miR-206 overexpression reduced cell multiplication, invasion, and migration and increased cell apoptosis in LC cells. Moreover, SOX9 was a target of miR-206, and miR-206 negatively regulated SOX9 expression. Collectively, miR-206 might be a promising biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic value for LC, and the miR-206/SOX9 axis might be a candidate target for LC therapy.
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Overexpression of DOCK6 in oral squamous cell cancer promotes cellular migration and invasion and is associated with poor prognosis. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 133:105297. [PMID: 34742001 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the role of DOCK6 in oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) in this study. DESIGN DOCK6 expression in OSCC was analyzed using TCGA and GEO datasets and was verified by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between DOCK6 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of OSCC patients. Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to assess OSCC cell migration and invasion, respectively. STRING and GO analyses and gene set enrichment analysis were used to identify DOCK6-interacting proteins, their functions and their potential pathways. RESULTS DOCK6 was significantly upregulated at both the mRNA and protein levels in OSCC tissues (all P < 0.05). DOCK6 levels were positively correlated with age (P < 0.05), lymph node metastasis status (P < 0.001), clinical stage (P < 0.001), differentiation (P < 0.05), and poor clinical outcome (P < 0.05) in OSCC patients. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that high DOCK6 expression (P < 0.01) and clinical stage III-IV (P < 0.05) might serve as independent prognostic factors for OSCC patients. Functionally, DOCK6 silencing significantly suppressed OSCC cell migration and invasion (all P < 0.05). Ten proteins that interact with DOCK6, more than ten functions related to cancer, and more than six pathways related to DOCK6 in OSCC were identified via bioinformatic methods. CONCLUSION DOCK6 is upregulated in OSCC, is associated with a poor prognosis in OSCC patients and increases OSCC cells migration and invasion. These findings suggest that DOCK6 may be a potential therapeutic target with prognostic implication in patients with OSCC.
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Interactive regulation of laryngeal cancer and neuroscience. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188580. [PMID: 34129916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nerve fibres are distributed throughout the body along with blood and lymphatic vessels. The intrinsic morphological characteristics of nerves and the general characteristics of secretions in the tumour microenvironment provide a solid theoretical basis for exploring how neuronal tissue can influence the progression of laryngeal cancer (LC). The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) jointly control many aspects of cancer and have attracted widespread attention in the study of the progression, invasion and metastasis of tumour tissue banks. Stress activates the neuroendocrine response of the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. LC cells induce nerve growth in the microenvironment by releasing neurotrophic factors (NTFs), and they can also stimulate neurite formation by secreting axons and axon guides. Conversely, nerve endings secrete factors that attract LC cells; this is known as perineural invasion (PNI) and promotes the progression of the associated cancer. In this paper, we summarize the systematic understanding of the role of neuroregulation in the LC tumour microenvironment (TME) and ways in which the TME accelerates nerve growth, which is closely related to the occurrence of LC.
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Fitriana M, Hwang WL, Chan PY, Hsueh TY, Liao TT. Roles of microRNAs in Regulating Cancer Stemness in Head and Neck Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071742. [PMID: 33917482 PMCID: PMC8038798 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are epithelial malignancies with 5-year overall survival rates of approximately 40-50%. Emerging evidence indicates that a small population of cells in HNSCC patients, named cancer stem cells (CSCs), play vital roles in the processes of tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, immune evasion, chemo-/radioresistance, and recurrence. The acquisition of stem-like properties of cancer cells further provides cellular plasticity for stress adaptation and contributes to therapeutic resistance, resulting in a worse clinical outcome. Thus, targeting cancer stemness is fundamental for cancer treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to regulate stem cell features in the development and tissue regeneration through a miRNA-target interactive network. In HNSCCs, miRNAs act as tumor suppressors and/or oncogenes to modulate cancer stemness and therapeutic efficacy by regulating the CSC-specific tumor microenvironment (TME) and signaling pathways, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) signaling pathways. Owing to a deeper understanding of disease-relevant miRNAs and advances in in vivo delivery systems, the administration of miRNA-based therapeutics is feasible and safe in humans, with encouraging efficacy results in early-phase clinical trials. In this review, we summarize the present findings to better understand the mechanical actions of miRNAs in maintaining CSCs and acquiring the stem-like features of cancer cells during HNSCC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melysa Fitriana
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Wei-Lun Hwang
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Cancer Progression Center of Excellence, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
| | - Pak-Yue Chan
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.-Y.H.)
| | - Tai-Yuan Hsueh
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (P.-Y.C.); (T.-Y.H.)
| | - Tsai-Tsen Liao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2736-1661 (ext. 3435)
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Wang Z, Gu J, Han T, Li K. High-throughput sequencing profile of laryngeal cancers: analysis of co-expression and competing endogenous RNA networks of circular RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and messenger RNAs. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:483. [PMID: 33850880 PMCID: PMC8039704 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recently identified as new classes of non-coding RNAs which participate in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. However, the functions of these non-coding RNAs and gene expression patterns are largely unknown. Methods We carried out high-throughput sequencing to analyze the differential expression of RNAs in 5 coupled laryngeal cancer (LC) and corresponding adjacent noncancerous tissues. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to predict the functions of these non-coding RNAs via co-expression, competing endogenous RNA networks and pathway enrichment analysis. The differential expression of the selected RNAs were confirmed using RT-qPCR. The CCK8, EDU, Transwell, and wound healing assays were conducted to validate the biological functions of SNHG29 in LC. Western blot assay was performed to identify the effects of SNHG29 having on the epithelial to mesenchymal transition process. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to investigate whether the expression level of SNHG29 correlated with survival in LC patients. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of SNHG29 and clinicopathological parameters of the included patients. Results Compared to normal laryngeal tissues, 31,763 non-coding RNAs were upregulated and 11,557 non-coding RNAs were downregulated in cancer tissues. SNHG29 expression was low in the LC cell lines and tissues predicting a better clinical prognosis. SNHG29 was also found to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of LC, exerting a suppressive role in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition process as well. SNHG29 downregulation was significantly correlated with differentiation (P=0.026), T-stage (P=0.041), lymphatic metastasis (P=0.044), and clinical stage (P=0.037). We found that the biological functions of differentially expressed transcripts included cell adhesion, biological adhesion, and migration and invasion related to adherens junction pathways. Conclusions Our study was the first to describe the non-coding RNA profile of LC, and suggested that dysregulated non-coding RNAs could be involved in LC tumorigenesis. SNHG29 was demonstrated to play crucial roles in inhibiting the pathogenesis and progression of LC. Our findings provide a new approach for further analyses of pathogenetic mechanisms, the detection of novel transcripts, and the identification of valuable biomarkers for this tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Wang Z, Gu J, Yan A, Li K. Downregulation of circ-RANBP9 in laryngeal cancer and its clinical significance. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:484. [PMID: 33850881 PMCID: PMC8039645 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Laryngeal cancer (LC) is a common malignant tumor of the head and neck. As circular RNAs (circRNAs) and other non-coding RNAs are involved in various malignant processes, we analyzed circRNAs to better understand LC and explored specific tumor markers. Methods High-throughput sequence was performed to analyze the differential circular RNAs in four coupled laryngeal cancers and para-cancerous tissues. The differential expression of selected circ-RANBP9 in laryngeal cancer tissues and cells was verified by RT-qPCR assay. CCK8, EDU, Transwell and wound healing assays were used to confirm the biological function of circ-RANBP9 in laryngeal cancer. Western blot assay was performed to identify the effects of circ-RANBP9 having on the epithelial to mesenchymal transition process. One-way AN0VA was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of circ-RANBP9 and clinicopathological parameters of the included patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to investigate whether the expression level of circ-RANBP9 correlated with survival in LC patients. Bioinformatic analyses were also conducted to predict the functions and possible signaling pathways of the targeted mRNAs of circ-RANBP9 via co-expression and competing endogenous RNA network. Results We found a transcript from RNA sequence data, termed hsa_circ_0001578, which is a circRNA spliced from RANBP9. Circ-RANBP9 was downregulated in the LC cell lines tissues, relating to a better prognosis. Circ-RANBP9 was found to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of LC, exerting a suppressive role in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition process as well. For the diagnostic value of circ-RANBP9, the sensitivity and the specificity were 0.979 and 0.553, respectively. Circ-RANBP9 downregulation was significantly correlated with differentiation (P=0.031), T-stage (P=0.018), lymphatic metastasis (P=0.046), and clinical stage (P=0.003). Circ-RANBP9 was involved in insulin-like growth factor receptor binding, cell polarity, focal adhesion, and MAPK signaling pathways. CeRNA analysis identified the possible involvement of circ-RANBP9 in the ECM-receptor interaction, cAMP, calcium, and Wnt signaling pathways by harboring miRNA genes. Conclusions Circ-RANBP9 was confirmed to play important roles in inhibiting laryngeal cancers. Circ-RANBP9 was also validated to be associated with the clinicopathological parameters and diagnostic value, suggesting that circ-RANBP9 is a promising biomarker for LC prognosis and early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aihui Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Alternative splicing modulates cancer aggressiveness: role in EMT/metastasis and chemoresistance. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:897-914. [PMID: 33400075 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enhanced metastasis and disease recurrence accounts for the high mortality rates associated with cancer. The process of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) contributes towards the augmentation of cancer invasiveness along with the gain of stem-like and the subsequent drug-resistant behavior. Apart from the well-established transcriptional regulation, EMT is also controlled post-transcriptionally by virtue of alternative splicing (AS). Numerous genes including Fibroblast Growth Factor receptor (FGFR) as well as CD44 are differentially spliced during this trans-differentiation process which, in turn, governs cancer progression. These splicing alterations are controlled by various splicing factors including ESRP, RBFOX2 as well as hnRNPs. Here, we have depicted the mechanisms governing the splice isoform switching of FGFR and CD44. Moreover, the role of the splice variants generated by AS of these gene transcripts in modulating the metastatic potential and stem-like/chemoresistant behavior of cancer cells has also been highlighted. Additionally, the involvement of splicing factors in regulating EMT/invasiveness along with drug-resistance as well as the metabolic properties of the cells has been emphasized. Tumorigenesis is accompanied by a remodeling of the cellular splicing profile generating diverse protein isoforms which, in turn, control the cancer-associated hallmarks. Therefore, we have also briefly discussed about a wide variety of genes which are differentially spliced in the tumor cells and promote cancer progression. We have also outlined different strategies for targeting the tumor-associated splicing events which have shown promising results and therefore this approach might be useful in developing therapies to reduce cancer aggressiveness in a more specific manner.
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