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Pelaz SG, Ollauri-Ibáñez C, Lillo C, Tabernero A. Impairment of Autophagic Flux Participates in the Antitumor Effects of TAT-Cx43 266-283 in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174262. [PMID: 34503072 PMCID: PMC8428230 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Autophagy is a process in which the cell recycles components that are not needed at that moment and uses the resulting elements to satisfy more urgent needs. Depending on the specific context, this can be beneficial or detrimental for tumor development. We found that in glioblastoma, the most lethal brain tumor, autophagy is upregulated and contributes to glioblastoma stem cell survival under starvation. Importantly, the antitumor peptide TAT-Cx43266-283 blocks autophagy flux, contributing to the death of glioblastoma stem cells. This peptide induces glioblastoma stem cell death in nutrient-deprived and complete environments, while the effect of other unsuccessful drugs for glioblastoma depends on nutrient context, supporting the potential of TAT-Cx43266-283 as a treatment to improve the lives of glioblastoma patients. Abstract Autophagy is a physiological process by which various damaged or non-essential cytosolic components are recycled, contributing to cell survival under stress conditions. In cancer, autophagy can have antitumor or protumor effects depending on the developmental stage. Here, we use Western blotting, immunochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy to demonstrate that the antitumor peptide TAT-Cx43266-283, a c-Src inhibitor, blocks autophagic flux in glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) under basal and nutrient-deprived conditions. Upon nutrient deprivation, GSCs acquired a dormant-like phenotype that was disrupted by inhibition of autophagy with TAT-Cx43266-283 or chloroquine (a classic autophagy inhibitor), leading to GSC death. Remarkably, dasatinib, a clinically available c-Src inhibitor, could not replicate TAT-Cx43266-283 effect on dormant GSCs, revealing for the first time the possible involvement of pathways other than c-Src in TAT-Cx43266-283 effect. TAT-Cx43266-283 exerts an antitumor effect both in nutrient-complete and nutrient-deprived environments, which constitutes an advantage over chloroquine and dasatinib, whose effects depend on nutrient environment. Finally, our analysis of the levels of autophagy-related proteins in healthy and glioma donors suggests that autophagy is upregulated in glioblastoma, further supporting the interest in inhibiting this process in the most aggressive brain tumor and the potential use of TAT-Cx43266-283 as a therapy for this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara G. Pelaz
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.G.P.); (C.O.-I.); (C.L.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª Planta, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Claudia Ollauri-Ibáñez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.G.P.); (C.O.-I.); (C.L.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª Planta, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Concepción Lillo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.G.P.); (C.O.-I.); (C.L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª Planta, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Patología, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Arantxa Tabernero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCYL), Universidad de Salamanca, Calle Pintor Fernando Gallego 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.G.P.); (C.O.-I.); (C.L.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Virgen de la Vega, 10ª Planta, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Yamaguchi N. [Novel Tyrosine Phosphorylation Signals in the Nucleus and on Mitotic Spindle Fibers and Lysosomes Revealed by Strong Inhibition of Tyrosine Dephosphorylation]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2021; 141:927-947. [PMID: 34193653 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein-tyrosine phosphorylation is one of the posttranslational modifications and plays critical roles in regulating a wide variety of cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, migration, survival, and apoptosis. Protein-tyrosine phosphorylation is reversibly regulated by protein-tyrosine kinases and protein-tyrosine phosphatases. Strong inhibition of protein-tyrosine phosphatase activities is required to undoubtedly detect tyrosine phosphorylation. Our extremely careful usage of Na3VO4, a potent protein-tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, has revealed not only the different intracellular trafficking pathways of Src-family tyrosine kinase members but also novel tyrosine phosphorylation signals in the nucleus and on mitotic spindle fibers and lysosomes. Furthermore, despite that the first identified oncogene product v-Src is generally believed to induce transformation through continuous stimulation of proliferation signaling by its strong tyrosine kinase activity, v-Src-driven transformation was found to be caused not by continuous proliferation signaling but by v-Src tyrosine kinase activity-dependent stochastic genome alterations. Here, I summarize our findings regarding novel tyrosine phosphorylation signaling in a spatiotemporal sense and highlight the significance of the roles of tyrosine phosphorylation in transcriptional regulation inside the nucleus and chromosome dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University
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Morii M, Kubota S, Hasegawa C, Takeda Y, Kometani S, Enomoto K, Suzuki T, Yanase S, Sato R, Akatsu A, Hirata K, Honda T, Kuga T, Tomonaga T, Nakayama Y, Yamaguchi N, Yamaguchi N. Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of PRC1 and kinastrin/SKAP on the mitotic spindle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2616. [PMID: 33510346 PMCID: PMC7844303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Src-family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) play important roles in a number of signal transduction events during mitosis, such as spindle formation. A relationship has been reported between SFKs and the mitotic spindle; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that SFKs accumulated in the centrosome region at the onset of mitosis. Centrosomal Fyn increased in the G2 phase in a microtubule polymerization-dependent manner. A mass spectrometry analysis using mitotic spindle preparations was performed to identify tyrosine-phosphorylated substrates. Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) and kinastrin/small kinetochore-associated protein (kinastrin/SKAP) were identified as SFK substrates. SFKs mainly phosphorylated PRC1 at Tyr-464 and kinastrin at Tyr-87. Although wild-type PRC1 is associated with microtubules, phosphomimetic PRC1 impaired the ability to bind microtubules. Phosphomimetic kinastrin at Tyr-87 also impaired binding with microtubules. Collectively, these results suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of PRC1 and kinastrin plays a role in their delocalization from microtubules during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Morii
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.,Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Sho Kubota
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.,Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation in Leukemogenesis, International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Chizu Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yumi Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Shiori Kometani
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kyoko Enomoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Sayuri Yanase
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Rika Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Aki Akatsu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kensuke Hirata
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takuya Honda
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kuga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakayama
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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Zhai Y, Yang J, Zhang J, Yang J, Li Q, Zheng T. Src-family Protein Tyrosine Kinases: A promising target for treating Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:1216-1224. [PMID: 33526983 PMCID: PMC7847615 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Src-family protein tyrosine kinases (SFKs), a subfamily of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, are ubiquitously expressed in various cell types. Numerous studies have suggested that SFKs are related to signal transduction in major cardiac physiological and pathological processes, it is the activity of SFKs that is connected with the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. Upon stimulation of various injury factors or stress, the phosphorylation state of SFKs is changed, which has been found to modulate different cardiac pathological conditions, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, ischemic heart disease, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy via regulating cell growth, differentiation, movement and function, electrophysiologic signals. This review summarizes the basic information about SFKs, updates its role in the different processes underlying the development of multiple cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and highlights their potential role as disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets, which would help understand the pathophysiology of CVDs and promote the further potential clinical adhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Zhai
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China.,Central Laboratory, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China.,Central Laboratory, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China.,Central Laboratory, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443000, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443000, China.,Central Laboratory, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang 443000, China
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