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Frazier T, Pereira E, Aesoy R, Nauton L, Giraud F, Herfindal L, Anizon F, Moreau P. Synthesis, kinase inhibition and anti-leukemic activities of diversely substituted indolopyrazolocarbazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116352. [PMID: 38537512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Pyrazole analogues of the staurosporine aglycone K252c, in which the lactam ring was replaced by a pyrazole moiety, were synthesized. In this series, one or the other nitrogen atoms of the indolocarbazole scaffold was substituted by aminoalkyl chains, aiming at improving protein kinase inhibition as well as cellular potency toward acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. Compound 19a, substituted at the N12-position by a 3-(methylamino)propyl group, showed high cellular activity in the low micromolar range toward three AML cell lines (MOLM-13, OCI-AML3 and MV4-11) with selectivity over non-cancerous cells (NRK, H9c2). 19a is also a highly potent inhibitor of the three Pim kinase isoforms, Pim-3 being the most inhibited with an IC50 value in the nanomolar range. A selectivity screening toward a panel of 50 protein kinases showed that 19a also potently inhibited PRK2 and to a lower extent AMPK, MARK3, GSK3β and JAK3. Our results enhance the understanding of the structural characteristics of indolopyrazolocarbazoles essential for potent protein kinase inhibition with therapeutic potential against AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Théo Frazier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Elisabeth Pereira
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Reidun Aesoy
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lionel Nauton
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Francis Giraud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Pharmacy, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fabrice Anizon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Pascale Moreau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, ICCF, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Mehta D, de Boer I, Sutherland HG, Pijpers JA, Bron C, Bainomugisa C, Haupt LM, van den Maagdenberg AMJM, Griffiths LR, Nyholt DR, Terwindt GM. Alterations in DNA methylation associate with reduced migraine and headache days after medication withdrawal treatment in chronic migraine patients: a longitudinal study. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:190. [PMID: 38087366 PMCID: PMC10717674 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01604-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic migraine, a highly disabling migraine subtype, affects nearly 2% of the general population. Understanding migraine chronification is vital for developing better treatment and prevention strategies. An important factor in the chronification of migraine is the overuse of acute headache medication. However, the mechanisms behind the transformation of episodic migraine to chronic migraine and vice versa have not yet been elucidated. We performed a longitudinal epigenome-wide association study to identify DNA methylation (DNAm) changes associated with treatment response in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse as part of the Chronification and Reversibility of Migraine clinical trial. Blood was taken from patients with chronic migraine (n = 98) at baseline and after a 12-week medication withdrawal period. Treatment responders, patients with ≥ 50% reduction in monthly headache days (MHD), were compared with non-responders to identify DNAm changes associated with treatment response. Similarly, patients with ≥ 50% versus < 50% reduction in monthly migraine days (MMD) were compared. RESULTS At the epigenome-wide significant level (p < 9.42 × 10-8), a longitudinal reduction in DNAm at an intronic CpG site (cg14377273) within the HDAC4 gene was associated with MHD response following the withdrawal of acute medication. HDAC4 is highly expressed in the brain, plays a major role in synaptic plasticity, and modulates the expression and release of several neuroinflammation markers which have been implicated in migraine pathophysiology. Investigating whether baseline DNAm associated with treatment response, we identified lower baseline DNAm at a CpG site (cg15205829) within MARK3 that was significantly associated with MMD response at 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Our findings of a longitudinal reduction in HDAC4 DNAm status associated with treatment response and baseline MARK3 DNAm status as an early biomarker for treatment response, provide support for a role of pathways related to chromatin structure and synaptic plasticity in headache chronification and introduce HDAC4 and MARK3 as novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Irene de Boer
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi G Sutherland
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Judith A Pijpers
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Charlene Bron
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Charlotte Bainomugisa
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Arn M J M van den Maagdenberg
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Dale R Nyholt
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, 60 Musk Avenue, Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia.
- Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
| | - Gisela M Terwindt
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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