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Arnon J, Zick A, Maoz M, Salaymeh N, Gugenheim A, Marouani M, Mor E, Hamburger T, Saadi N, Elia A, Ganz G, Fahham D, Meirovitz A, Kadouri L, Meiner V, Yablonski-Peretz T, Shkedi-Rafid S. Clinical and genetic characteristics of carriers of the TP53 c.541C > T, p.Arg181Cys pathogenic variant causing hereditary cancer in patients of Arab-Muslim descent. Fam Cancer 2024:10.1007/s10689-024-00391-2. [PMID: 38743206 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-024-00391-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
TP53 pathogenic variants cause Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), with some variants causing an attenuated phenotype. Herein, we describe the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of carriers of NM_000546.6 (TP53): c.541C > T, (p.Arg181Cys) treated at Hadassah Medical Center. We retrospectively examined our genetic databases to identify all carriers of TP53 p.Arg181Cys. We reached out to carriers and their relatives and collected clinical and demographic data, lifestyle factors, carcinogenic exposures as well as additional blood samples for genetic testing and whole exome sequencing. Between 2005 and 2022 a total of 2875 cancer patients underwent genetic testing using genetic panels, whole exome sequencing or targeted TP53 assays. A total of 30 cancer patients, all of Arab-Muslim descent, were found to be carriers of TP53 p.Arg181Cys, the majority from Jerusalem and Hebron, two of which were homozygous for the variant. Carriers were from 24 distinct families of them, 15 families (62.5%) met updated Chompret criteria for LFS. Median age of diagnosis was 35 years-old (range 1-69) with cancers characteristic of LFS (16 Breast cancer; 6 primary CNS tumors; 3 sarcomas) including 4 children with choroid plexus carcinoma, medulloblastoma, or glioblastoma. A total of 21 healthy carriers of TP53 p.Arg181Cys were identified at a median age of 39 years-old (range 2-54)-19 relatives and 2 additional pediatric non-cancer patients, in which the finding was incidental. We report a shared haplotype of 350kb among carriers, limited co-morbidities and low BMI in both cancer patients and healthy carriers. There were no demographic factors or carcinogenic exposures unique to carriers who developed malignancy. Upon exome analysis no other known pathogenic variants in cancer predisposing genes were identified. TP53 p.Arg181Cys is a founder pathogenic variant predominant to the Arab-Muslim population in Jerusalem and Hebron, causing attenuated-LFS. We suggest strict surveillance in established carriers and encourage referral to genetic testing for all cancer patients of Arab-Muslim descent in this region with LFS-associated malignancies as well as family members of established carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan Arnon
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Aviad Zick
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Myriam Maoz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nada Salaymeh
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ahinoam Gugenheim
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - MazalTov Marouani
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eden Mor
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Hamburger
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nagam Saadi
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anna Elia
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Pathology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gael Ganz
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Duha Fahham
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amichay Meirovitz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luna Kadouri
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Yablonski-Peretz
- Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shiri Shkedi-Rafid
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Lock IC, Leisenring NH, Floyd W, Xu ES, Luo L, Ma Y, Mansell EC, Cardona DM, Lee CL, Kirsch DG. Mis-splicing Drives Loss of Function of p53 E224D Point Mutation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.01.551439. [PMID: 37577531 PMCID: PMC10418211 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Tp53 is the most commonly mutated gene in cancer. Canonical Tp53 DNA damage response pathways are well characterized and classically thought to underlie the tumor suppressive effect of Tp53. Challenging this dogma, mouse models have revealed that p53 driven apoptosis and cell cycle arrest are dispensable for tumor suppression. Here, we investigated the inverse context of a p53 mutation predicted to drive expression of canonical targets, but is detected in human cancer. Methods We established a novel mouse model with a single base pair mutation (GAG>GAC, p53E221D) in the DNA-Binding domain that has wild-type function in screening assays, but is paradoxically found in human cancer in Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Using mouse p53E221D and the analogous human p53E224D mutant, we evaluated expression, transcriptional activation, and tumor suppression in vitro and in vivo. Results Expression of human p53E224D from cDNA translated to a fully functional p53 protein. However, p53E221D/E221D RNA transcribed from the endogenous locus is mis-spliced resulting in nonsense mediated decay. Moreover, fibroblasts derived from p53E221D/E221D mice do not express a detectable protein product. Mice homozygous for p53E221D exhibited increased tumor penetrance and decreased life expectancy compared to p53 WT animals. Conclusions Mouse p53E221D and human p53E224D mutations lead to splice variation and a biologically relevant p53 loss of function in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C. Lock
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nathan H. Leisenring
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Warren Floyd
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Eric S. Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lixia Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Erin C. Mansell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Diana M. Cardona
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chang-Lung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David G. Kirsch
- Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada
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3
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Merle N, Elmshäuser S, Strassheimer F, Wanzel M, König AM, Funk J, Neumann M, Kochhan K, Helmprobst F, Pagenstecher A, Nist A, Mernberger M, Schneider A, Braun T, Borggrefe T, Savai R, Timofeev O, Stiewe T. Monitoring autochthonous lung tumors induced by somatic CRISPR gene editing in mice using a secreted luciferase. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:191. [PMID: 36192757 PMCID: PMC9531476 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01661-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vivo gene editing of somatic cells with CRISPR nucleases has facilitated the generation of autochthonous mouse tumors, which are initiated by genetic alterations relevant to the human disease and progress along a natural timeline as in patients. However, the long and variable, orthotopic tumor growth in inner organs requires sophisticated, time-consuming and resource-intensive imaging for longitudinal disease monitoring and impedes the use of autochthonous tumor models for preclinical studies. Methods To facilitate a more widespread use, we have generated a reporter mouse that expresses a Cre-inducible luciferase from Gaussia princeps (GLuc), which is secreted by cells in an energy-consuming process and can be measured quantitatively in the blood as a marker for the viable tumor load. In addition, we have developed a flexible, complementary toolkit to rapidly assemble recombinant adenoviruses (AVs) for delivering Cre recombinase together with CRISPR nucleases targeting cancer driver genes. Results We demonstrate that intratracheal infection of GLuc reporter mice with CRISPR-AVs efficiently induces lung tumors driven by mutations in the targeted cancer genes and simultaneously activates the GLuc transgene, resulting in GLuc secretion into the blood by the growing tumor. GLuc blood levels are easily and robustly quantified in small-volume blood samples with inexpensive equipment, enable tumor detection already several months before the humane study endpoint and precisely mirror the kinetics of tumor development specified by the inducing gene combination. Conclusions Our study establishes blood-based GLuc monitoring as an inexpensive, rapid, high-throughput and animal-friendly method to longitudinally monitor autochthonous tumor growth in preclinical studies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12943-022-01661-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasja Merle
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Elmshäuser
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Florian Strassheimer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wanzel
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M König
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Philipps-University, Core Facility 7T-small animal MRI, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julianne Funk
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Neumann
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Kochhan
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Helmprobst
- Mouse Pathology and Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Department of Neuropathology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Axel Pagenstecher
- Mouse Pathology and Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Department of Neuropathology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Braun
- Department of Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Department of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. .,Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. .,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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Klimovich B, Meyer L, Merle N, Neumann M, König AM, Ananikidis N, Keber CU, Elmshäuser S, Timofeev O, Stiewe T. Partial p53 reactivation is sufficient to induce cancer regression. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:80. [PMID: 35232479 PMCID: PMC8889716 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Impaired p53 function is one of the central molecular features of a tumor cell and even a partial reduction in p53 activity can increase the cancer risk in mice and men. From a therapeutic perspective it is noteworthy that tumor cells often become addicted to the absence of p53 providing a rationale for developing p53 reactivating compounds to treat cancer patients. Unfortunately, many of the compounds that are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical testing fail to fully reactivate mutant p53 proteins, raising the crucial question: how much p53 activity is needed to elicit a therapeutic effect? Methods We have genetically modelled partial p53 reactivation using knock-in mice with inducible expression of the p53 variant E177R. This variant has a reduced ability to bind and transactivate target genes and consequently causes moderate cancer susceptibility. We have generated different syngeneically transplanted and autochthonous mouse models of p53-deficient acute myeloid leukemia and B or T cell lymphoma. After cancer manifestation we have activated E177R expression and analyzed the in vivo therapy response by bioluminescence or magnetic resonance imaging. The molecular response was further characterized in vitro by assays for gene expression, proliferation, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis and clonogenic growth. Results We report the conceptually intriguing observation that the p53 variant E177R, which promotes de novo leukemia and lymphoma formation, inhibits proliferation and viability, induces immune cell infiltration and triggers cancer regression in vivo when introduced into p53-deficient leukemia and lymphomas. p53-deficient cancer cells proved to be so addicted to the absence of p53 that even the low-level activity of E177R is detrimental to cancer growth. Conclusions The observation that a partial loss-of-function p53 variant promotes tumorigenesis in one setting and induces regression in another, underlines the highly context-specific effects of individual p53 mutants. It further highlights the exquisite sensitivity of cancer cells to even small changes in p53 activity and reveals that changes in activity level are more important than the absolute level. As such, the study encourages ongoing research efforts into mutant p53 reactivating drugs by providing genetic proof-of-principle evidence that incomplete p53 reactivation may suffice to elicit a therapeutic response. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-022-02269-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Klimovich
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nastasja Merle
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Neumann
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander M König
- Clinic of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Core Facility 7T-small animal MRI, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Ananikidis
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Corinna U Keber
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Elmshäuser
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany. .,Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
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5
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Klimovich B, Merle N, Neumann M, Elmshäuser S, Nist A, Mernberger M, Kazdal D, Stenzinger A, Timofeev O, Stiewe T. p53 partial loss-of-function mutations sensitize to chemotherapy. Oncogene 2022; 41:1011-1023. [PMID: 34907344 PMCID: PMC8837531 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressive transcription factor p53 is frequently inactivated in cancer cells by missense mutations that cluster in the DNA binding domain. 30% hit mutational hotspot residues, resulting in a complete loss of transcriptional activity and mutant p53-driven chemotherapy resistance. Of the remaining 70% of non-hotspot mutants, many are partial loss-of-function (partial-LOF) mutants with residual transcriptional activity. The therapeutic consequences of a partial-LOF have remained largely elusive. Using a p53 mutation engineered to reduce DNA binding, we demonstrate that partial-LOF is sufficient to enhance oncogene-driven tumorigenesis in mouse models of lung and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia. Interestingly, mouse and human tumors with partial-LOF mutations showed mutant p53 protein accumulation similar as known for hotspot mutants. Different from the chemotherapy resistance caused by p53-loss, the partial-LOF mutant sensitized to an apoptotic chemotherapy response and led to a survival benefit. Mechanistically, the pro-apoptotic transcriptional activity of mouse and human partial-LOF mutants was rescued at high mutant protein levels, suggesting that accumulation of partial-LOF mutants enables the observed apoptotic chemotherapy response. p53 non-hotspot mutants with partial-LOF, therefore, represent tumorigenic p53 mutations that need to be distinguished from other mutations because of their beneficial impact on survival in a therapy context.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Loss of Function Mutation
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Klimovich
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Nastasja Merle
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Neumann
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Elmshäuser
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kazdal
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.
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Ben-Cohen G, Doffe F, Devir M, Leroy B, Soussi T, Rosenberg S. TP53_PROF: a machine learning model to predict impact of missense mutations in TP53. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6510957. [PMID: 35043155 PMCID: PMC8921628 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Correctly identifying the true driver mutations in a patient’s tumor is a major challenge in precision oncology. Most efforts address frequent mutations, leaving medium- and low-frequency variants mostly unaddressed. For TP53, this identification is crucial for both somatic and germline mutations, with the latter associated with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), a multiorgan cancer predisposition. We present TP53_PROF (prediction of functionality), a gene specific machine learning model to predict the functional consequences of every possible missense mutation in TP53, integrating human cell- and yeast-based functional assays scores along with computational scores. Variants were labeled for the training set using well-defined criteria of prevalence in four cancer genomics databases. The model’s predictions provided accuracy of 96.5%. They were validated experimentally, and were compared to population data, LFS datasets, ClinVar annotations and to TCGA survival data. Very high accuracy was shown through all methods of validation. TP53_PROF allows accurate classification of TP53 missense mutations applicable for clinical practice. Our gene specific approach integrated machine learning, highly reliable features and biological knowledge, to create an unprecedented, thoroughly validated and clinically oriented classification model. This approach currently addresses TP53 mutations and will be applied in the future to other important cancer genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Ben-Cohen
- Corresponding authors: Gil Ben Cohen, Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine. Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Tel.: +972549410946. E-mail: ; Shai Rosenberg, Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine. Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Tel.: 972-2-6776289. E-mail:
| | - Flora Doffe
- INSERM UMR 1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Michal Devir
- Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
- The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Bernard Leroy
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, F- 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Shai Rosenberg
- Corresponding authors: Gil Ben Cohen, Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine. Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Tel.: +972549410946. E-mail: ; Shai Rosenberg, Gaffin Center for Neuro-Oncology, Sharett Institute for Oncology, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine. Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel. Tel.: 972-2-6776289. E-mail:
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7
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Marques MA, de Andrade GC, Silva JL, de Oliveira GAP. Protein of a thousand faces: The tumor-suppressive and oncogenic responses of p53. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:944955. [PMID: 36090037 PMCID: PMC9452956 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.944955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein is a pleiotropic regulator working as a tumor suppressor and as an oncogene. Depending on the cellular insult and the mutational status, p53 may trigger opposing activities such as cell death or survival, senescence and cell cycle arrest or proliferative signals, antioxidant or prooxidant activation, glycolysis, or oxidative phosphorylation, among others. By augmenting or repressing specific target genes or directly interacting with cellular partners, p53 accomplishes a particular set of activities. The mechanism in which p53 is activated depends on increased stability through post-translational modifications (PTMs) and the formation of higher-order structures (HOS). The intricate cell death and metabolic p53 response are reviewed in light of gaining stability via PTM and HOS formation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra A. Marques
- *Correspondence: Mayra A. Marques, ; Guilherme A. P. de Oliveira,
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8
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p53/p73 Protein Network in Colorectal Cancer and Other Human Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122885. [PMID: 34207603 PMCID: PMC8227208 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The p53 family of proteins comprises p53, p63, and p73, which share high structural and functional similarity. The two distinct promoters of each locus, the alternative splicing, and the alternative translation initiation sites enable the generation of numerous isoforms with different protein-interacting domains and distinct activities. The co-expressed p53/p73 isoforms have significant but distinct roles in carcinogenesis. Their activity is frequently impaired in human tumors including colorectal carcinoma due to dysregulated expression and a dominant-negative effect accomplished by some isoforms and p53 mutants. The interactions between isoforms are particularly important to understand the onset of tumor formation, progression, and therapeutic response. The understanding of the p53/p73 network can contribute to the development of new targeted therapies. Abstract The p53 tumor suppressor protein is crucial for cell growth control and the maintenance of genomic stability. Later discovered, p63 and p73 share structural and functional similarity with p53. To understand the p53 pathways more profoundly, all family members should be considered. Each family member possesses two promoters and alternative translation initiation sites, and they undergo alternative splicing, generating multiple isoforms. The resulting isoforms have important roles in carcinogenesis, while their expression is dysregulated in several human tumors including colorectal carcinoma, which makes them potential targets in cancer treatment. Their activities arise, at least in part, from the ability to form tetramers that bind to specific DNA sequences and activate the transcription of target genes. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biological activities and regulation of the p53/p73 isoforms, highlighting their role in colorectal tumorigenesis. The analysis of the expression patterns of the p53/p73 isoforms in human cancers provides an important step in the improvement of cancer therapy. Furthermore, the interactions among the p53 family members which could modulate normal functions of the canonical p53 in tumor tissue are described. Lastly, we emphasize the importance of clinical studies to assess the significance of combining the deregulation of different members of the p53 family to define the outcome of the disease.
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Timofeev O, Stiewe T. Rely on Each Other: DNA Binding Cooperativity Shapes p53 Functions in Tumor Suppression and Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2422. [PMID: 34067731 PMCID: PMC8155944 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 is a tumor suppressor that is mutated in half of all cancers. The high clinical relevance has made p53 a model transcription factor for delineating general mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. p53 forms tetramers that bind DNA in a highly cooperative manner. The DNA binding cooperativity of p53 has been studied by structural and molecular biologists as well as clinical oncologists. These experiments have revealed the structural basis for cooperative DNA binding and its impact on sequence specificity and target gene spectrum. Cooperativity was found to be critical for the control of p53-mediated cell fate decisions and tumor suppression. Importantly, an estimated number of 34,000 cancer patients per year world-wide have mutations of the amino acids mediating cooperativity, and knock-in mouse models have confirmed such mutations to be tumorigenic. While p53 cancer mutations are classically subdivided into "contact" and "structural" mutations, "cooperativity" mutations form a mechanistically distinct third class that affect the quaternary structure but leave DNA contacting residues and the three-dimensional folding of the DNA-binding domain intact. In this review we discuss the concept of DNA binding cooperativity and highlight the unique nature of cooperativity mutations and their clinical implications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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10
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Ugbaja RN, Ogungbemi K, James AS, Peter Folorunsho A, Abolade SO, Ajamikoko SO, Atayese EO, Adedeji OV. Chitosan from Crabs (Scylla serrata) Represses Hyperlipidemia-Induced Hepato-Renal Dysfunctions in Rats: Modulation of CD43 and p53 Expression. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2021; 28:224-237. [PMID: 35366259 PMCID: PMC8830478 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology28020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepato-renal dysfunctions associated with hyperlipidemia necessitates a continuous search for natural remedies. This study thus evaluated the effect of dietary chitosan on diet-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. A total of 30 male Wistar rats (90 ± 10) g were randomly allotted into six (6) groups (n = 5): Normal diet, High-fat diet (HFD), and Normal diet + 5% chitosan. The three other groups received HFD, supplemented with 1%, 3%, and 5% of chitosan. The feeding lasted for 6 weeks, after which the rats were sacrificed. The liver and kidneys were harvested for analyses. Hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and renal biomarkers (ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine) were assayed spectrophotometrically. Additionally, expression of hepatic and renal CD43 and p53 was estimated immunohistochemically. The HFD group had elevated bodyweight compared to normal which was reversed in the chitosan-supplemented groups. Hyperlipidemia caused a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in the hepatic (AST, ALT, and ALP) and renal (AST and ALT) activities, while renal urea and creatinine increased. Furthermore, the HFD group showed an elevated level of hepatic and renal CD43 while p53 expression decreased. However, groups supplemented with chitosan showed improved hepatic and renal biomarkers, as well as corrected the aberrations in the expressions of p53 and CD43. Conclusively, dietary chitosan inclusion in the diet (between 3% and 5%) could effectively improve kidney and liver functionality via abatement of inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Ngozi Ugbaja
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; (K.O.); (A.S.J.); (A.P.F.); (S.O.A.); (S.O.A.); (E.O.A.); (O.V.A.)
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Nigerian Stored Product Research Institute, P.M.B. 5044 Ibadan, Nigeria
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +234-(0)7066050043
| | - Kunle Ogungbemi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; (K.O.); (A.S.J.); (A.P.F.); (S.O.A.); (S.O.A.); (E.O.A.); (O.V.A.)
- Biochemistry Program, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Augustine University, P.M.B. 1010 Ilara-Epe, Nigeria
| | - Adewale Segun James
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; (K.O.); (A.S.J.); (A.P.F.); (S.O.A.); (S.O.A.); (E.O.A.); (O.V.A.)
| | - Ayodele Peter Folorunsho
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; (K.O.); (A.S.J.); (A.P.F.); (S.O.A.); (S.O.A.); (E.O.A.); (O.V.A.)
| | - Samuel Olanrewaju Abolade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; (K.O.); (A.S.J.); (A.P.F.); (S.O.A.); (S.O.A.); (E.O.A.); (O.V.A.)
| | - Stella Onajite Ajamikoko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; (K.O.); (A.S.J.); (A.P.F.); (S.O.A.); (S.O.A.); (E.O.A.); (O.V.A.)
| | - Eniola Olapeju Atayese
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; (K.O.); (A.S.J.); (A.P.F.); (S.O.A.); (S.O.A.); (E.O.A.); (O.V.A.)
| | - Omowunmi Victoria Adedeji
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Bioscience, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B. 2240 Abeokuta, Nigeria; (K.O.); (A.S.J.); (A.P.F.); (S.O.A.); (S.O.A.); (E.O.A.); (O.V.A.)
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11
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Kang JG, Lago CU, Lee JE, Park JH, Donnelly MP, Starost MF, Liu C, Kwon J, Noguchi AC, Ge K, Wang PY, Hwang PM. A Mouse Homolog of a Human TP53 Germline Mutation Reveals a Lipolytic Activity of p53. Cell Rep 2021; 30:783-792.e5. [PMID: 31968253 PMCID: PMC7021448 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological effects of the many germline mutations of TP53, encoding the tumor suppressor protein p53, are poorly understood. Here we report generating a p53 R178C knockin mouse modeling the human TP53 R181C mutation, which is notable for its prevalence and prior molecular characterization. Consistent with its weak cancer penetrance in humans, homozygous p53178C/C mice show a modest increase in tumorigenesis but, surprisingly, are lean with decreased body fat content. They display evidence of increased lipolysis and upregulation of fatty acid metabolism in their inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT). Gene expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses show that the mutant p53 bound and trans-activated Beta-3-Adrenergic Receptor (ADRB3), a gene that is known to promote lipolysis and is associated with obesity. This study reveals that a germline mutation of p53 can affect fat metabolism, which has been implicated in cancer development. Knockin of the mouse homolog of a human TP53 germline mutation known to cause Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a cancer predisposition disorder, results in a mouse model characterized by lower body fat content. Kang et al. show that enhancing transactivation of the lipolytic gene ADRB3 by mutant p53 contributes to this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Gyeong Kang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cory U Lago
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ji-Hoon Park
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew P Donnelly
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Chengyu Liu
- Transgenic Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jaeyul Kwon
- College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Kai Ge
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ping-Yuan Wang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul M Hwang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Almeida A, Sánchez-Morán I, Rodríguez C. Mitochondrial-nuclear p53 trafficking controls neuronal susceptibility in stroke. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:582-591. [PMID: 33615665 PMCID: PMC8248069 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a major cause of death and long-term disability in the adult. Neuronal apoptosis plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of ischemic brain damage and impaired functional recovery after stroke. The tumor suppressor protein p53 regulates key cellular processes, including cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, senescence, and apoptosis. Under cellular stress conditions, p53 undergoes post-translational modifications, which control protein localization, stability, and proapoptotic activity. After stroke, p53 rapidly accumulates in the ischemic brain, where it activates neuronal apoptosis through both transcriptional-dependent and -independent programs. Over the last years, subcellular localization of p53 has emerged as an important regulator of ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis. Upon an ischemic insult, p53 rapidly translocates to the mitochondria and interacts with B-cell lymphoma-2 family proteins, which activate the mitochondrial apoptotic program, with higher efficacy than through its activity as a transcription factor. Moreover, the identification of a human single nucleotide polymorphism at codon 72 of the Tp53 gene that controls p53 mitochondrial localization and cell susceptibility to apoptosis supports the important role of the p53 mitochondrial program in neuronal survival and functional recovery after stroke. In this article, we review the relevance of mitochondrial and nuclear localization of p53 on neuronal susceptibility to cerebral ischemia and its impact on functional outcome of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Almeida
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Irene Sánchez-Morán
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics, CSIC, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca, University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
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13
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Horikawa I. Balancing and Differentiating p53 Activities toward Longevity and No Cancer? Cancer Res 2021; 80:5164-5165. [PMID: 33268555 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging and death of cells (cellular senescence and apoptosis, respectively), triggered by or associated with cellular stress and DNA damage, impair organ function and homeostasis, leading to organismal aging and death. On the other hand, defects in physiologic regulations of cellular aging and death (escape from cellular senescence and failed apoptosis of severely damaged cells) contribute to uncontrolled cell division and genetic instability in cancer. In an oversimplified scenario, p53, an inducer of cellular senescence and apoptosis, may thus unfavorably contribute to aging and favorably suppress tumorigenesis. However, physiologic mechanisms should exist and therapeutic approaches may be developed to balance between aging and tumor suppression, for example, by differentially regulating cellular senescence, apoptosis, and other p53-mediated biological processes, such as DNA repair, autophagy, and energy metabolism. Possible mechanisms for such differential regulation of different subsets of p53 target genes may involve posttranslational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation and acetylation) and DNA binding cooperativity of p53. In this issue of Cancer Research, Timofeev and colleagues show that a previously uncharacterized phosphorylation in the p53 core DNA-binding domain regulates the DNA binding cooperativity and transcriptional activity of p53. Their mice deficient for this p53 phosphorylation were resistant to spontaneous and induced tumorigenesis, while they had shortened lifespan, but did not show progeria-like phenotypes. Prompted by this study, research on p53, aging, and cancer will explore balancing and differentiating different p53 activities toward a challenging goal of achieving longevity with no cancer.See related article by Timofeev et al., p. 5231.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Horikawa
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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14
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Friedel L, Loewer A. The guardian's choice: how p53 enables context-specific decision-making in individual cells. FEBS J 2021; 289:40-52. [PMID: 33590949 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
p53 plays a central role in defending the genomic integrity of our cells. In response to genotoxic stress, this tumour suppressor orchestrates the expression of hundreds of target genes, which induce a variety of cellular outcomes ranging from damage repair to induction of apoptosis. In this review, we examine how the p53 response is regulated on several levels in individual cells to allow precise and context-specific fate decisions. We discuss that the p53 response is not only controlled by its canonical regulators but also controlled by interconnected signalling pathways that influence the dynamics of p53 accumulation upon damage and modulate its transcriptional activity at target gene promoters. Additionally, we consider how the p53 response is diversified through a variety of mechanisms at the promoter level and beyond to induce context-specific outcomes in individual cells. These layers of regulation allow p53 to react in a stimulus-specific manner and fine-tune its signalling according to the individual needs of a given cell, enabling it to take the right decision on survival or death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Friedel
- Systems Biology of the Stress Response, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Alexander Loewer
- Systems Biology of the Stress Response, Department of Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
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15
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Comprehensive assessment of TP53 loss of function using multiple combinatorial mutagenesis libraries. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20368. [PMID: 33230179 PMCID: PMC7683535 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74892-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of somatic and germline TP53 mutations in human tumors or in individuals prone to various types of cancer has now reached the clinic. To increase the accuracy of the prediction of TP53 variant pathogenicity, we gathered functional data from three independent large-scale saturation mutagenesis screening studies with experimental data for more than 10,000 TP53 variants performed in different settings (yeast or mammalian) and with different readouts (transcription, growth arrest or apoptosis). Correlation analysis and multidimensional scaling showed excellent agreement between all these variables. Furthermore, we found that some missense mutations localized in TP53 exons led to impaired TP53 splicing as shown by an analysis of the TP53 expression data from the cancer genome atlas. With the increasing availability of genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic data, it is essential to employ both protein and RNA prediction to accurately define variant pathogenicity.
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16
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Timofeev O, Koch L, Niederau C, Tscherne A, Schneikert J, Klimovich M, Elmshäuser S, Zeitlinger M, Mernberger M, Nist A, Osterburg C, Dötsch V, Hrabé de Angelis M, Stiewe T. Phosphorylation Control of p53 DNA-Binding Cooperativity Balances Tumorigenesis and Aging. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5231-5244. [PMID: 32873634 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications are essential for regulating the transcription factor p53, which binds DNA in a highly cooperative manner to control expression of a plethora of tumor-suppressive programs. Here we show at the biochemical, cellular, and organismal level that the cooperative nature of DNA binding is reduced by phosphorylation of highly conserved serine residues (human S183/S185, mouse S180) in the DNA-binding domain. To explore the role of this inhibitory phosphorylation in vivo, new phosphorylation-deficient p53-S180A knock-in mice were generated. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing and RNA sequencing studies of S180A knock-in cells demonstrated enhanced DNA binding and increased target gene expression. In vivo, this translated into a tissue-specific vulnerability of the bone marrow that caused depletion of hematopoietic stem cells and impaired proper regeneration of hematopoiesis after DNA damage. Median lifespan was significantly reduced by 20% from 709 days in wild type to only 568 days in S180A littermates. Importantly, lifespan was reduced by a loss of general fitness and increased susceptibility to age-related diseases, not by increased cancer incidence as often seen in other p53-mutant mouse models. For example, S180A knock-in mice showed markedly reduced spontaneous tumorigenesis and increased resistance to Myc-driven lymphoma and Eml4-Alk-driven lung cancer. Preventing phosphorylation of S183/S185 in human cells boosted p53 activity and allowed tumor cells to be killed more efficiently. Together, our data identify p53 DNA-binding domain phosphorylation as a druggable mechanism that balances tumorigenesis and aging. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that p53 tumor suppressor activity is reduced by DNA-binding domain phosphorylation to prevent aging and identify this phosphorylation as a potential target for cancer therapy.See related commentary by Horikawa, p. 5164.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Lukas Koch
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Niederau
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alina Tscherne
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jean Schneikert
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Maria Klimovich
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Elmshäuser
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marie Zeitlinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Hrabé de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany. .,Genomics Core Facility, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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Cao N, Lu Y, Liu J, Cai F, Xu H, Chen J, Zhang X, Hua ZC, Zhuang H. Metformin Synergistically Enhanced the Antitumor Activity of Celecoxib in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1094. [PMID: 32792943 PMCID: PMC7387512 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib has potential as an effective antineoplastic agent, but it may exhibit side effects. Given the glucose-addicted properties of tumor cells, metformin is recognized for its inhibitory effect on oxidative phosphorylation. In the present study, we aimed to combine low dose of celecoxib with metformin to alleviate the side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and overcome potential drug resistance. We found that celecoxib combined with metformin obviously suppressed cell migration and proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Most importantly, in vivo experiments revealed the superior antitumor efficacy of combination treatment with a low dosage of celecoxib (25 mg/kg/day) without apparent toxicity. Further study of the underlying mechanism revealed that the two drugs in combination caused ROS aggregation in NSCLC cells, leading to DNA double-strand breaks and increased expression of the tumor suppressor factor p53. Elevated p53 subsequently caused cell cycle arrest and cell proliferation inhibition. The presence of metformin also sensitized NSCLC cells to celecoxib-induced apoptosis by activating caspase-9, -8, -3, and -7, upregulating the pro-apoptotic proteins Bad and Bax, and downregulating the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-xl and Bcl-2. Moreover, the superior anticancer effect of combined therapy was also due to suppression of Raf-MEK-ERK cascades and PI3K-AKT signaling, which is conducive to overcoming drug resistance. In addition, either celecoxib alone or in combination with metformin suppressed NSCLC cell migration and invasion by inhibiting FAK, N-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activities. Together, our study provided a rational combination strategy with a low dosage of celecoxib and metformin for preclinical cancer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyan Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huangru Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China
| | - Hongqin Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Barron KA, Jeffries KA, Krupenko NI. Sphingolipids and the link between alcohol and cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 322:109058. [PMID: 32171848 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence underscores alcohol consumption as a strong risk factor for multiple cancer types, with liver cancer being most commonly associated with alcohol intake. While mechanisms linking alcohol consumption to malignant tumor development are not fully understood, the likely players in ethanol-induced carcinogenesis are genotoxic stress caused by formation of acetaldehyde, increased oxidative stress, and altered nutrient metabolism, including the impairment of methyl transfer reactions. Alterations of sphingolipid metabolism and associated signaling pathways are another potential link between ethanol and cancer development. In particular, ceramides are involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and apoptosis and are known to function as important regulators of malignant transformation as well as tumor progression. However, to date, the cross-talk between ceramides and alcohol in cancer disease is largely an open question and only limited data are available on this subject. Most studies linking ceramide to cancer considered liver steatosis as the underlying mechanism, which is not surprising taking into consideration that ceramide pathways are an integral part of the overall lipid metabolism. This review summarizes the latest studies pointing to ceramide as an important mediator of cancer-promoting effects of chronic alcohol consumption and underscores the necessity of understanding the role of sphingolipids and lipid signaling in response to alcohol in order to prevent and/or successfully manage diseases caused by alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Natalia I Krupenko
- Department of Nutrition, UNC Chapel Hill, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, UNC Chapel Hill, USA.
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19
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Pavlakis E, Stiewe T. p53's Extended Reach: The Mutant p53 Secretome. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020307. [PMID: 32075247 PMCID: PMC7072272 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 suppresses tumorigenesis by activating a plethora of effector pathways. While most of these operate primarily inside of cells to limit proliferation and survival of incipient cancer cells, many extend to the extracellular space. In particular, p53 controls expression and secretion of numerous extracellular factors that are either soluble or contained within extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. As part of the cellular secretome, they execute key roles in cell-cell communication and extracellular matrix remodeling. Mutations in the p53-encoding TP53 gene are the most frequent genetic alterations in cancer cells, and therefore, have profound impact on the composition of the tumor cell secretome. In this review, we discuss how the loss or dominant-negative inhibition of wild-type p53 in concert with a gain of neomorphic properties observed for many mutant p53 proteins, shapes a tumor cell secretome that creates a supportive microenvironment at the primary tumor site and primes niches in distant organs for future metastatic colonization.
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20
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Klimovich B, Stiewe T, Timofeev O. Inactivation of Mdm2 restores apoptosis proficiency of cooperativity mutant p53 in vivo. Cell Cycle 2019; 19:109-123. [PMID: 31749402 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1693748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutations are found in 50% of all cancers and mutated TP53 status is considered poor for treatment. However, some TP53 mutations exhibit only partial loss-of-function (LOF), meaning they retain residual transcriptional and non-transcriptional activities that are potentially beneficial for therapy. Earlier we have characterized a knock-in mouse model for the partial LOF mutant Trp53E177R (p53RR). Reduced DNA binding cooperativity of this mutant led to the loss of p53-dependent apoptosis, while p53 functions in cell cycle control, senescence, metabolism, and antioxidant defense remained intact. Concomitantly, tumor suppression was evident but strongly compromised compared to wild-type mice. Here we used the Trp53E177R mouse as a model to investigate whether residual functions of mutant p53 can be engaged to induce cell death, which is considered the most desirable outcome of tumor therapy. We made use of Mdm2 knock-out in developing embryos as a sensitive tool for detecting remaining p53 activities. Genetic ablation of Mdm2 led to embryonic lethality in Trp53E177R/E177R homozygotes at days 9.5-11.5. This effect was not rescued by concomitant p21-knockout, indicating its independence of p21-mediated cell cycle arrest. Instead, immunohistochemical analysis showed widespread apoptosis in tissues of defective embryos accompanied by persistent accumulation of p53RR protein. This led to partial restoration of the mutant's proficiency in transcriptional induction of the pro-apoptotic genes Bbc3 (Puma) and Bax. These data indicate that increased quantity can compensate for qualitative defects of p53 mutants and suggest that Mdm2-targeting (potentially in combination with other drugs) might be effective against cells bearing p53 partial LOF mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Klimovich
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
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21
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Timofeev O, Klimovich B, Schneikert J, Wanzel M, Pavlakis E, Noll J, Mutlu S, Elmshäuser S, Nist A, Mernberger M, Lamp B, Wenig U, Brobeil A, Gattenlöhner S, Köhler K, Stiewe T. Residual apoptotic activity of a tumorigenic p53 mutant improves cancer therapy responses. EMBO J 2019; 38:e102096. [PMID: 31483066 PMCID: PMC6792016 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered p53 mutant mice are valuable tools for delineating p53 functions in tumor suppression and cancer therapy. Here, we have introduced the R178E mutation into the Trp53 gene of mice to specifically ablate the cooperative nature of p53 DNA binding. Trp53R178E mice show no detectable target gene regulation and, at first sight, are largely indistinguishable from Trp53−/− mice. Surprisingly, stabilization of p53R178E in Mdm2−/− mice nevertheless triggers extensive apoptosis, indicative of residual wild‐type activities. Although this apoptotic activity suffices to trigger lethality of Trp53R178E;Mdm2−/− embryos, it proves insufficient for suppression of spontaneous and oncogene‐driven tumorigenesis. Trp53R178E mice develop tumors indistinguishably from Trp53−/− mice and tumors retain and even stabilize the p53R178E protein, further attesting to the lack of significant tumor suppressor activity. However, Trp53R178E tumors exhibit remarkably better chemotherapy responses than Trp53−/− ones, resulting in enhanced eradication of p53‐mutated tumor cells. Together, this provides genetic proof‐of‐principle evidence that a p53 mutant can be highly tumorigenic and yet retain apoptotic activity which provides a survival benefit in the context of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Boris Klimovich
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jean Schneikert
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wanzel
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Julia Noll
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Samet Mutlu
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marco Mernberger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Boris Lamp
- Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Wenig
- Institute of Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Kernt Köhler
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Marburg, Germany.,Genomics Core Facility, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
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22
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Hu Y, Dai J, Zong G, Xiao J, Guo X, Dai Y, Lu Z, Wan R. Restoration of p53 acetylation by HDAC inhibition permits the necrosis/apoptosis switch of pancreatic ainar cell during experimental pancreatitis in mice. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21988-21998. [PMID: 31058328 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Juanjuan Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Guanzhao Zong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jingbo Xiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xingya Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yiqi Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zhanjun Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Rong Wan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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23
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Hafner A, Bulyk ML, Jambhekar A, Lahav G. The multiple mechanisms that regulate p53 activity and cell fate. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019; 20:199-210. [DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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24
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Fischer M. Conservation and divergence of the p53 gene regulatory network between mice and humans. Oncogene 2019; 38:4095-4109. [PMID: 30710145 PMCID: PMC6755996 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0706-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the p53 tumor suppressor pathway remains crucial for the design of anticancer strategies. Studies in human tumors and mouse models help to unravel the molecular mechanisms that underlie the p53 signaling pathway. Yet, the p53 gene regulatory network (GRN) is not the same in mice and humans. The comparison of the regulatory networks of p53 in mice and humans reveals that gene up- and down-regulation by p53 are distinctly affected during evolution. Importantly, gene up-regulation by p53 underwent more rapid evolution and gene down-regulation has been evolutionarily constrained. This difference stems from the two major mechanisms employed by p53 to regulate gene expression: up-regulation through direct p53 target gene binding and indirect down-regulation through the p53-p21-DREAM pathway. More than 1000 genes have been identified to differ in their p53-dependent expression between mice and humans. Analysis of p53 gene expression profiles and p53 binding data reveal that turnover of p53 binding sites is the major mechanism underlying extensive variation in p53-dependent gene up-regulation. Only a core set of high-confidence genes appears to be directly regulated by p53 in both species. In contrast to up-regulation, p53-induced down-regulation is well conserved between mice and humans and controls cell cycle genes. Here a curated data set is provided that extends the previously established web-atlas at www.targetgenereg.org to assess the p53 response of any human gene of interest and its mouse ortholog. Taken together, the analysis reveals a limited translation potential from mouse models to humans for the p53 GRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), 07745, Jena, Germany. .,Molecular Oncology Group, Medical School, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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25
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Sizova O, Kuriatnikov D, Liu Y, Su DM. Atrophied Thymus, a Tumor Reservoir for Harboring Melanoma Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1652-1664. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Stiewe T, Haran TE. How mutations shape p53 interactions with the genome to promote tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 38:27-43. [PMID: 29857816 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressive transcription factor p53 regulates a wide array of cellular processes that confer upon cells an essential protection against cancer development. Wild-type p53 regulates gene expression by directly binding to DNA in a sequence-specific manner. p53 missense mutations are the most common mutations in malignant cells and can be regarded as synonymous with anticancer drug resistance and poor prognosis. The current review provides an overview of how the extraordinary variety of more than 2000 different mutant p53 proteins, known as the p53 mutome, affect the interaction of p53 with DNA. We discuss how the classification of p53 mutations to loss of function (LOF), gain of function (GOF), and dominant-negative (DN) inhibition of a remaining wild-type allele, hides a complex p53 mutation spectrum that depends on the distinctive nature of each mutant protein, requiring different therapeutic strategies for each mutant p53 protein. We propose to regard the different mutant p53 categories as continuous variables, that may not be independent of each other. In particular, we suggest here to consider GOF mutations as a special subset of LOF mutations, especially when mutant p53 binds to DNA through cooperation with other transcription factors, and we present a model for GOF mechanism that consolidates many observations on the GOF phenomenon. We review how novel mutant p53 targeting approaches aim to restore a wild-type-like DNA interaction and to overcome resistance to cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Stiewe
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Tali E Haran
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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27
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Wang J, Bao A, Wang Q, Guo H, Zhang Y, Liang J, Kong W, Yao J, Zhang J. Sulfation can enhance antitumor activities of Artemisia sphaerocephala polysaccharide in vitro and vivo. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:502-511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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28
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Madan E, Parker TM, Bauer MR, Dhiman A, Pelham CJ, Nagane M, Kuppusamy ML, Holmes M, Holmes TR, Shaik K, Shee K, Kiparoidze S, Smith SD, Park YSA, Gomm JJ, Jones LJ, Tomás AR, Cunha AC, Selvendiran K, Hansen LA, Fersht AR, Hideg K, Gogna R, Kuppusamy P. The curcumin analog HO-3867 selectively kills cancer cells by converting mutant p53 protein to transcriptionally active wildtype p53. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:4262-4276. [PMID: 29382728 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is an important tumor-suppressor protein that is mutated in more than 50% of cancers. Strategies for restoring normal p53 function are complicated by the oncogenic properties of mutant p53 and have not met with clinical success. To counteract mutant p53 activity, a variety of drugs with the potential to reconvert mutant p53 to an active wildtype form have been developed. However, these drugs are associated with various negative effects such as cellular toxicity, nonspecific binding to other proteins, and inability to induce a wildtype p53 response in cancer tissue. Here, we report on the effects of a curcumin analog, HO-3867, on p53 activity in cancer cells from different origins. We found that HO-3867 covalently binds to mutant p53, initiates a wildtype p53-like anticancer genetic response, is exclusively cytotoxic toward cancer cells, and exhibits high anticancer efficacy in tumor models. In conclusion, HO-3867 is a p53 mutant-reactivating drug with high clinical anticancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Madan
- From the Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal.,the Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Gautam Buddha Nagar Section 125, Noida 201301, India
| | - Taylor M Parker
- the Department of Surgery, Simon Cancer Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Matthias R Bauer
- the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Alisha Dhiman
- the Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Christopher J Pelham
- the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63104
| | - Masaki Nagane
- the Department of Biochemistry, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - M Lakshmi Kuppusamy
- the Department of Radiology and Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | - Matti Holmes
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - Thomas R Holmes
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - Kranti Shaik
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - Kevin Shee
- the Department of Radiology and Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756
| | | | - Sean D Smith
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - Yu-Soon A Park
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - Jennifer J Gomm
- the Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Louise J Jones
- the Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ana R Tomás
- From the Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana C Cunha
- From the Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Karuppaiyah Selvendiran
- the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, and
| | - Laura A Hansen
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - Alan R Fersht
- the Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, United Kingdom
| | - Kálmán Hideg
- the Institute of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs-H-7624, Hungary
| | - Rajan Gogna
- From the Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, 1400-038 Lisbon, Portugal, .,the Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Gautam Buddha Nagar Section 125, Noida 201301, India
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- the Department of Radiology and Medicine, Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire 03756,
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29
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Kaiser AM, Attardi LD. Deconstructing networks of p53-mediated tumor suppression in vivo. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:93-103. [PMID: 29099489 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p53 is a vital tumor suppressor. Upon activation by diverse stresses including oncogene activation, DNA damage, hypoxia and nutrient deprivation, p53 activates a panoply of target genes and orchestrates numerous downstream responses that suppress tumorigenesis. Although early studies of p53 suggested that its ability to induce cell cycle arrest, senescence and apoptosis programs accounted for its tumor-suppressor activity, more recent studies have challenged this notion. Moreover, p53 regulates a suite of additional processes, such as metabolism, stem cell function, invasion and metastasis. The processes p53 coordinately regulates to enact tumor suppression, and how such regulation occurs, thus remain elusive. In this review, we will summarize our current knowledge of p53-mediated tumor-suppressive mechanisms gleaned from in vivo studies in mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Kaiser
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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30
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Childs BG, Gluscevic M, Baker DJ, Laberge RM, Marquess D, Dananberg J, van Deursen JM. Senescent cells: an emerging target for diseases of ageing. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:718-735. [PMID: 28729727 PMCID: PMC5942225 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 706] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronological age represents the single greatest risk factor for human disease. One plausible explanation for this correlation is that mechanisms that drive ageing might also promote age-related diseases. Cellular senescence, which is a permanent state of cell cycle arrest induced by cellular stress, has recently emerged as a fundamental ageing mechanism that also contributes to diseases of late life, including cancer, atherosclerosis and osteoarthritis. Therapeutic strategies that safely interfere with the detrimental effects of cellular senescence, such as the selective elimination of senescent cells (SNCs) or the disruption of the SNC secretome, are gaining significant attention, with several programmes now nearing human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darren J Baker
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | - Remi-Martin Laberge
- Unity Biotechnology, 3280 Bayshore Boulevard Suite 100, Brisbane, California 94005, USA
| | - Dan Marquess
- Unity Biotechnology, 3280 Bayshore Boulevard Suite 100, Brisbane, California 94005, USA
| | - Jamie Dananberg
- Unity Biotechnology, 3280 Bayshore Boulevard Suite 100, Brisbane, California 94005, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St. SW, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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31
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Andrysik Z, Galbraith MD, Guarnieri AL, Zaccara S, Sullivan KD, Pandey A, MacBeth M, Inga A, Espinosa JM. Identification of a core TP53 transcriptional program with highly distributed tumor suppressive activity. Genome Res 2017; 27:1645-1657. [PMID: 28904012 PMCID: PMC5630028 DOI: 10.1101/gr.220533.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene product in human cancer. Close to half of all solid tumors carry inactivating mutations in the TP53 gene, while in the remaining cases, TP53 activity is abrogated by other oncogenic events, such as hyperactivation of its endogenous repressors MDM2 or MDM4. Despite identification of hundreds of genes regulated by this transcription factor, it remains unclear which direct target genes and downstream pathways are essential for the tumor suppressive function of TP53. We set out to address this problem by generating multiple genomic data sets for three different cancer cell lines, allowing the identification of distinct sets of TP53-regulated genes, from early transcriptional targets through to late targets controlled at the translational level. We found that although TP53 elicits vastly divergent signaling cascades across cell lines, it directly activates a core transcriptional program of ∼100 genes with diverse biological functions, regardless of cell type or cellular response to TP53 activation. This core program is associated with high-occupancy TP53 enhancers, high levels of paused RNA polymerases, and accessible chromatin. Interestingly, two different shRNA screens failed to identify a single TP53 target gene required for the anti-proliferative effects of TP53 during pharmacological activation in vitro. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis of thousands of cancer genomes revealed that none of these core target genes are frequently inactivated in tumors expressing wild-type TP53. These results support the hypothesis that TP53 activates a genetically robust transcriptional program with highly distributed tumor suppressive functions acting in diverse cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Andrysik
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80203, USA
| | - Matthew D Galbraith
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80203, USA
| | - Anna L Guarnieri
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80203, USA
| | - Sara Zaccara
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Kelly D Sullivan
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80203, USA
| | - Ahwan Pandey
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80203, USA
| | - Morgan MacBeth
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80203, USA
| | - Alberto Inga
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, TN, Italy
| | - Joaquín M Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80203, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815-6789, USA
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32
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Chen CC, Hsia CW, Ho CW, Liang CM, Chen CM, Huang KL, Kang BH, Chen YH. Hypoxia and hyperoxia differentially control proliferation of rat neural crest stem cells via distinct regulatory pathways of the HIF1α-CXCR4 and TP53-TPM1 proteins. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:162-185. [PMID: 28002632 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are a population of adult multipotent stem cells. We are interested in studying whether oxygen tensions affect the capability of NCSCs to self-renew and repair damaged tissues. NCSCs extracted from the hair follicle bulge region of the rat whisker pad were cultured in vitro under different oxygen tensions. RESULTS We found significantly increased and decreased rates of cell proliferation in rat NCSCs (rNCSCs) cultured, respectively, at 0.5% and 80% oxygen levels. At 0.5% oxygen, the expression of both hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α and CXCR4 was greatly enhanced in the rNCSC nuclei and was suppressed by incubation with the CXCR4-specific antagonist AMD3100. In addition, the rate of cell apoptosis in the rNCSCs cultured at 80% oxygen was dramatically increased, associated with increased nuclear expression of TP53, decreased cytoplasmic expression of TPM1 (tropomyosin-1), and increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of S100A2. Incubation of rNCSCs with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) overcame the inhibitory effect of 80% oxygen on proliferation and survival of rNCSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results show for the first time that extreme oxygen tensions directly control NCSC proliferation differentially via distinct regulatory pathways of proteins, with hypoxia via the HIF1α-CXCR4 pathway and hyperoxia via the TP53-TPM1 pathway. Developmental Dynamics 246:162-185, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wu Hsia
- Department of Finance, School of Management, Shih Hsin University, Wenshan District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Ho
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Longtan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Min Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Min Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Hwang Kang
- Division of Diving Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Zuoying District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
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Fielder E, von Zglinicki T, Jurk D. The DNA Damage Response in Neurons: Die by Apoptosis or Survive in a Senescence-Like State? J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:S107-S131. [PMID: 28436392 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are exposed to high levels of DNA damage from both physiological and pathological sources. Neurons are post-mitotic and their loss cannot be easily recovered from; to cope with DNA damage a complex pathway called the DNA damage response (DDR) has evolved. This recognizes the damage, and through kinases such as ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) recruits and activates downstream factors that mediate either apoptosis or survival. This choice between these opposing outcomes integrates many inputs primarily through a number of key cross-road proteins, including ATM, p53, and p21. Evidence of re-entry into the cell-cycle by neurons can be seen in aging and diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. This aberrant cell-cycle re-entry is lethal and can lead to the apoptotic death of the neuron. Many downstream factors of the DDR promote cell-cycle arrest in response to damage and appear to protect neurons from apoptotic death. However, neurons surviving with a persistently activated DDR show all the features known from cell senescence; including metabolic dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the hyper-production of pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and matrix-remodeling factors. These cells, termed senescence-like neurons, can negatively influence the extracellular environment and may promote induction of the same phenotype in surrounding cells, as well as driving aging and age-related diseases. Recently developed interventions targeting the DDR and/or the senescent phenotype in a range of non-neuronal tissues are being reviewed as they might become of therapeutic interest in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Fielder
- The Ageing Biology Centre and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Thomas von Zglinicki
- The Ageing Biology Centre and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Diana Jurk
- The Ageing Biology Centre and Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Trino S, De Luca L, Laurenzana I, Caivano A, Del Vecchio L, Martinelli G, Musto P. P53-MDM2 Pathway: Evidences for A New Targeted Therapeutic Approach in B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:491. [PMID: 28018226 PMCID: PMC5159974 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a canonical regulator of different biological functions, like apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and genomic stability. This gene is frequently altered in human tumors generally by point mutations or deletions. Conversely, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) genomic alterations of TP53 are rather uncommon, and prevalently occur in patients at relapse or with poor prognosis. On the other hand, p53 pathway is often compromised by the inactivation of its regulatory proteins, as MDM2 and ARF. MDM2 inhibitor molecules are able to antagonize p53-MDM2 interaction allowing p53 to exert tumor suppressor transcriptional regulation and to induce apoptotic pathways. Recent preclinical and clinical studies propose that MDM2 targeted therapy represents a promising anticancer strategy restoring p53 dependent mechanisms in ALL disease. Here, we discussed the use of new small molecule targeting p53 pathways as a promising drug target therapy in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Laboratory of Pre-Clinical and Translational Research, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Luigi Del Vecchio
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate S.C.a R.L.Naples, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico IINaples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli," University of Bologna Bologna, Italy
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS - Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
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The p53 family orchestrates the regulation of metabolism: physiological regulation and implications for cancer therapy. Br J Cancer 2016; 116:149-155. [PMID: 27884017 PMCID: PMC5243983 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 family of transcription factors is essential to counteract tumour formation and progression. Although previously this was exclusively associated with the ability of the p53 family to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, an increasing number of reports have now indisputably demonstrated that the tumour suppressive functions of the p53 family members also rely on their ability to control and regulate cellular metabolism and maintain cellular oxidative homeostasis. Here, we review how each p53 family member, including p63 and p73, controls metabolic pathways in physiological conditions, and how these mechanisms could be exploited to provide anticancer therapeutic opportunities.
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36
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Yang MQ, Elnitski L. A Systems Biology Comparison of Ovarian Cancers Implicates Putative Somatic Driver Mutations through Protein-Protein Interaction Models. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163353. [PMID: 27788148 PMCID: PMC5082879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian carcinomas can be aggressive with a high mortality rate (e.g., high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas, or HGSOCs), or indolent with much better long-term outcomes (e.g., low-malignant-potential, or LMP, serous ovarian carcinomas). By comparing LMP and HGSOC tumors, we can gain insight into the mechanisms underlying malignant progression in ovarian cancer. However, previous studies of the two subtypes have been focused on gene expression analysis. Here, we applied a systems biology approach, integrating gene expression profiles derived from two independent data sets containing both LMP and HGSOC tumors with protein-protein interaction data. Genes and related networks implicated by both data sets involved both known and novel disease mechanisms and highlighted the different roles of BRCA1 and CREBBP in the two tumor types. In addition, the incorporation of somatic mutation data revealed that amplification of PAK4 is associated with poor survival in patients with HGSOC. Thus, perturbations in protein interaction networks demonstrate differential trafficking of network information between malignant and benign ovarian cancers. The novel network-based molecular signatures identified here may be used to identify new targets for intervention and to improve the treatment of invasive ovarian cancer as well as early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Qu Yang
- MidSouth Bioinformatics Center and Joint Bioinformatics Ph.D. Program, University of Arkansas at Little Rock and University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 2801 S. University Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas, 72204, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MQY); (LE)
| | - Laura Elnitski
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MQY); (LE)
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37
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Fischer NW, Prodeus A, Malkin D, Gariépy J. p53 oligomerization status modulates cell fate decisions between growth, arrest and apoptosis. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3210-3219. [PMID: 27754743 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1241917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the oligomerization domain of p53 are genetically linked to cancer susceptibility in Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. These mutations typically alter the oligomeric state of p53 and impair its transcriptional activity. Activation of p53 through tetramerization is required for its tumor suppressive function by inducing transcriptional programs that lead to cell fate decisions such as cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. How p53 chooses between these cell fate outcomes remains unclear. Here, we use 5 oligomeric variants of p53, including 2 novel p53 constructs, that yield either monomeric, dimeric or tetrameric forms of p53 and demonstrate that they induce distinct cellular activities and gene expression profiles that lead to different cell fate outcomes. We report that dimeric p53 variants are cytostatic and can arrest cell growth, but lack the ability to trigger apoptosis in p53-null cells. In contrast, p53 tetramers induce rapid apoptosis and cell growth arrest, while a monomeric variant is functionally inactive, supporting cell growth. In particular, the expression of pro-arrest CDKN1A and pro-apoptotic P53AIP1 genes are important cell fate determinants that are differentially regulated by the oligomeric state of p53. This study suggests that the most abundant oligomeric species of p53 present in resting cells, namely p53 dimers, neither promote cell growth or cell death and that shifting the oligomeric state equilibrium of p53 in cells toward monomers or tetramers is a key parameter in p53-based cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Fischer
- a Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Aaron Prodeus
- a Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - David Malkin
- a Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,c Department of Paediatrics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,d Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Jean Gariépy
- a Department of Medical Biophysics , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,b Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto , Ontario , Canada.,e Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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38
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Abstract
Unlike the rather stereotypic image by which it was portrayed until not too many years ago, p53 is now increasingly emerging as a multifaceted transcription factor that can sometimes exert opposing effects on biological processes. This includes pro-survival activities that seem to contradict p53's canonical proapoptotic features, as well as opposing effects on cell migration, metabolism, and differentiation. Such antagonistic bifunctionality (balancing both positive and negative signals) bestows p53 with an ideal attribute to govern homeostasis. The molecular mechanisms underpinning the paradoxical activities of p53 may be related to a protein conformational spectrum (from canonical wild-type to "pseudomutant"), diversity of DNA response elements, and/or higher-order chromatin configuration. Altogether, this functional flexibility positions p53 as a transcriptional "super hub" that dictates cell homeostasis, and ultimately cell fate, by governing a hierarchy of other functional hubs. Deciphering the mechanisms by which p53 determines which hubs to engage, and how one might modulate the preferences of p53, remains a major challenge for both basic science and translational cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Aylon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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39
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Lin SC, Gou GH, Hsia CW, Ho CW, Huang KL, Wu YF, Lee SY, Chen YH. Simulated Microgravity Disrupts Cytoskeleton Organization and Increases Apoptosis of Rat Neural Crest Stem Cells Via Upregulating CXCR4 Expression and RhoA-ROCK1-p38 MAPK-p53 Signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:1172-93. [PMID: 27269634 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2016.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are a population of multipotent stem cells that are distributed broadly in many tissues and organs and are capable of differentiating into a variety of cell types that are dispersed throughout three germ layers. We are interested in studying the effects of simulated microgravity on the survival and self-renewal of NCSCs. NCSCs extracted from the hair follicle bulge region of the rat whisker pad were cultured in vitro, respectively, in a 2D adherent environment and a 3D suspension environment using the rotatory cell culture system (RCCS) to simulate microgravity. We found that rat NCSCs (rNCSCs) cultured in the RCCS for 24 h showed disrupted organization of filamentous actin, increased globular actin level, formation of plasma membrane blebbing and neurite-like artifact, as well as decreased levels of cortactin and vimentin. Interestingly, ∼70% of RCCS-cultured rNCSCs co-expressed cleaved (active) caspase-3 and neuronal markers microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and Tuj1 instead of NCSC markers, suggesting stress-induced formation of neurite-like artifact in rNCSCs. In addition, rNCSCs showed increased C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) expression, RhoA GTPase activation, Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, and p53 expression in the nucleus. Incubation of rNCSCs with the Gα protein inhibitor pertussis toxin or CXCR4 siRNA during RCCS-culturing prevented cytoskeleton disorganization and plasma membrane blebbing, and it suppressed apoptosis of rNCSCs. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time that simulated microgravity disrupts cytoskeleton organization and increases apoptosis of rNCSCs via upregulating CXCR4 expression and the RhoA-ROCK1-p38 MAPK-p53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing-Chen Lin
- 1 Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Hau Gou
- 2 Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wu Hsia
- 2 Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Ho
- 1 Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan .,3 Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital , Longtan Township, Taoyuan County, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- 1 Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan .,4 Department of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Fu Wu
- 5 Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- 1 Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Chen
- 1 Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center , Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
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40
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Beckerman R, Yoh K, Mattia-Sansobrino M, Zupnick A, Laptenko O, Karni-Schmidt O, Ahn J, Byeon IJ, Keezer S, Prives C. Lysines in the tetramerization domain of p53 selectively modulate G1 arrest. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:1425-38. [PMID: 27210019 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1170270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional in a tetrameric state, the protein product of the p53 tumor suppressor gene confers its tumor-suppressive activity by transactivating genes which promote cell-cycle arrest, senescence, or programmed cell death. How p53 distinguishes between these divergent outcomes is still a matter of considerable interest. Here we discuss the impact of 2 mutations in the tetramerization domain that confer unique properties onto p53. By changing lysines 351 and 357 to arginine, thereby blocking all post-translational modifications of these residues, DNA binding and transcriptional regulation by p53 remain virtually unchanged. On the other hand, by changing these lysines to glutamine (2KQ-p53), thereby neutralizing their positive charge and potentially mimicking acetylation, p53 is impaired in the induction of cell cycle arrest and yet can still effectively induce cell death. Surprisingly, when 2KQ-p53 is expressed at high levels in H1299 cells, it can bind to and transactivate numerous p53 target genes including p21, but not others such as miR-34a and cyclin G1 to the same extent as wild-type p53. Our findings show that strong induction of p21 is not sufficient to block H1299 cells in G1, and imply that modification of one or both of the lysines within the tetramerization domain may serve as a mechanism to shunt p53 from inducing cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Yoh
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | | | | | - Oleg Laptenko
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Orit Karni-Schmidt
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
| | - Jinwoo Ahn
- b Department of Structural Biology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - In-Ja Byeon
- b Department of Structural Biology , University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh , PA , USA
| | - Susan Keezer
- c Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. , Danvers , MA , USA
| | - Carol Prives
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Columbia University , New York , NY , USA
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41
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Chen J. The Cell-Cycle Arrest and Apoptotic Functions of p53 in Tumor Initiation and Progression. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2016; 6:a026104. [PMID: 26931810 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 678] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
P53 is a transcription factor highly inducible by many stress signals such as DNA damage, oncogene activation, and nutrient deprivation. Cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis are the most prominent outcomes of p53 activation. Many studies showed that p53 cell-cycle and apoptosis functions are important for preventing tumor development. p53 also regulates many cellular processes including metabolism, antioxidant response, and DNA repair. Emerging evidence suggests that these noncanonical p53 activities may also have potent antitumor effects within certain context. This review focuses on the cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis functions of p53, their roles in tumor suppression, and the regulation of cell fate decision after p53 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Chen
- Molecular Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612
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42
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Guirguis AA, Slape CI, Failla LM, Saw J, Tremblay CS, Powell DR, Rossello F, Wei A, Strasser A, Curtis DJ. PUMA promotes apoptosis of hematopoietic progenitors driving leukemic progression in a mouse model of myelodysplasia. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1049-59. [PMID: 26742432 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis with resultant cytopenias. Increased apoptosis and aberrantly functioning progenitors are thought to contribute to this phenotype. As is the case for other malignancies, overcoming apoptosis is believed to be important in progression toward acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using the NUP98-HOXD13 (NHD13) transgenic mouse model of MDS, we previously reported that overexpression of the anti-apoptotic protein BCL2, blocked apoptosis and improved cytopenias, paradoxically, delaying leukemic progression. To further understand this surprising result, we examined the role of p53 and its pro-apoptotic effectors, PUMA and NOXA in NHD13 mice. The absence of p53 or PUMA but not NOXA reduced apoptosis and expanded the numbers of MDS-repopulating cells. Despite a similar effect on apoptosis and cell numbers, the absence of p53 and PUMA had diametrically opposed effects on progression to AML: absence of p53 accelerated leukemic progression, while absence of PUMA significantly delayed progression. This may be explained in part by differences in cellular responses to DNA damage. The absence of p53 led to higher levels of γ-H2AX (indicative of persistent DNA lesions) while PUMA-deficient NHD13 progenitors resolved DNA lesions in a manner comparable to wild-type cells. These results suggest that targeting PUMA may improve the cytopenias of MDS without a detrimental effect on leukemic progression thus warranting further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Guirguis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - C I Slape
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - L M Failla
- Bone Marrow Research Laboratories, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - J Saw
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - C S Tremblay
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - D R Powell
- Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - F Rossello
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - A Wei
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A Strasser
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research (WEHI), Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - D J Curtis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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43
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44
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Kruiswijk F, Labuschagne CF, Vousden KH. p53 in survival, death and metabolic health: a lifeguard with a licence to kill. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:393-405. [PMID: 26122615 DOI: 10.1038/nrm4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 776] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The function of p53 as a tumour suppressor has been attributed to its ability to promote cell death or permanently inhibit cell proliferation. However, in recent years, it has become clear that p53 can also contribute to cell survival. p53 regulates various metabolic pathways, helping to balance glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, limiting the production of reactive oxygen species, and contributing to the ability of cells to adapt to and survive mild metabolic stresses. Although these activities may be integrated into the tumour suppressive functions of p53, deregulation of some elements of the p53-induced response might also provide tumours with a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Kruiswijk
- 1] Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK. [2]
| | | | - Karen H Vousden
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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45
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Tebaldi T, Zaccara S, Alessandrini F, Bisio A, Ciribilli Y, Inga A. Whole-genome cartography of p53 response elements ranked on transactivation potential. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:464. [PMID: 26081755 PMCID: PMC4470028 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many recent studies using ChIP-seq approaches cross-referenced to trascriptome data and also to potentially unbiased in vitro DNA binding selection experiments are detailing with increasing precision the p53-directed gene regulatory network that, nevertheless, is still expanding. However, most experiments have been conducted in established cell lines subjected to specific p53-inducing stimuli, both factors potentially biasing the results. Results We developed p53retriever, a pattern search algorithm that maps p53 response elements (REs) and ranks them according to predicted transactivation potentials in five classes. Besides canonical, full site REs, we developed specific pattern searches for non-canonical half sites and 3/4 sites and show that they can mediate p53-dependent responsiveness of associated coding sequences. Using ENCODE data, we also mapped p53 REs in about 44,000 distant enhancers and identified a 16-fold enrichment for high activity REs within those sites in the comparison with genomic regions near transcriptional start sites (TSS). Predictions from our pattern search were cross-referenced to ChIP-seq, ChIP-exo, expression, and various literature data sources. Based on the mapping of predicted functional REs near TSS, we examined expression changes of thirteen genes as a function of different p53-inducing conditions, providing further evidence for PDE2A, GAS6, E2F7, APOBEC3H, KCTD1, TRIM32, DICER, HRAS, KITLG and TGFA p53-dependent regulation, while MAP2K3, DNAJA1 and potentially YAP1 were identified as new direct p53 target genes. Conclusions We provide a comprehensive annotation of canonical and non-canonical p53 REs in the human genome, ranked on predicted transactivation potential. We also establish or corroborate direct p53 transcriptional control of thirteen genes. The entire list of identified and functionally classified p53 REs near all UCSC-annotated genes and within ENCODE mapped enhancer elements is provided. Our approach is distinct from, and complementary to, existing methods designed to identify p53 response elements. p53retriever is available as an R package at: http://tomateba.github.io/p53retriever. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1643-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toma Tebaldi
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, 38123, Mattarello, TN, Italy.
| | - Sara Zaccara
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, 38123, Mattarello, TN, Italy.
| | - Federica Alessandrini
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, 38123, Mattarello, TN, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bisio
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, 38123, Mattarello, TN, Italy.
| | - Yari Ciribilli
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, 38123, Mattarello, TN, Italy.
| | - Alberto Inga
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, via delle Regole 101, 38123, Mattarello, TN, Italy.
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Van Nostrand JL, Brisac A, Mello SS, Jacobs SBR, Luong R, Attardi LD. The p53 Target Gene SIVA Enables Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Development. Cancer Discov 2015; 5:622-35. [PMID: 25813352 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although p53 transcriptional activation potential is critical for its ability to suppress cancer, the specific target genes involved in tumor suppression remain unclear. SIVA is a p53 target gene essential for p53-dependent apoptosis, although it can also promote proliferation through inhibition of p53 in some settings. Thus, the role of SIVA in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, we seek to define the contribution of SIVA to tumorigenesis by generating Siva conditional knockout mice. Surprisingly, we find that SIVA loss inhibits non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development, suggesting that SIVA facilitates tumorigenesis. Similarly, SIVA knockdown in mouse and human NSCLC cell lines decreases proliferation and transformation. Consistent with this protumorigenic role for SIVA, high-level SIVA expression correlates with reduced NSCLC patient survival. SIVA acts independently of p53 and, instead, stimulates mTOR signaling and metabolism in NSCLC cells. Thus, SIVA enables tumorigenesis in a p53-independent manner, revealing a potential new cancer therapy target. SIGNIFICANCE These findings collectively reveal a novel role for the p53 target gene SIVA both in regulating metabolism and in enabling tumorigenesis, independently of p53. Importantly, these studies further identify SIVA as a new prognostic marker and as a potential target for NSCLC cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanine L Van Nostrand
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Alice Brisac
- Department of Biology, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Stephano S Mello
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Suzanne B R Jacobs
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Richard Luong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California. Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.
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Marcel V, Catez F, Diaz JJ. p53, a translational regulator: contribution to its tumour-suppressor activity. Oncogene 2015; 34:5513-23. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Analysis of p53 transactivation domain mutants reveals Acad11 as a metabolic target important for p53 pro-survival function. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1096-109. [PMID: 25704813 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor plays a key role in maintaining cellular integrity. In response to diverse stress signals, p53 can trigger apoptosis to eliminate damaged cells or cell-cycle arrest to enable cells to cope with stress and survive. However, the transcriptional networks underlying p53 pro-survival function are incompletely understood. Here, we show that in oncogenic-Ras-expressing cells, p53 promotes oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and cell survival upon glucose starvation. Analysis of p53 transcriptional activation domain mutants reveals that these responses depend on p53 transactivation function. Using gene expression profiling and ChIP-seq analysis, we identify several p53-inducible fatty acid metabolism-related genes. One such gene, Acad11, encoding a protein involved in fatty acid oxidation, is required for efficient OXPHOS and cell survival upon glucose starvation. This study provides new mechanistic insight into the pro-survival function of p53 and suggests that targeting this pathway may provide a strategy for therapeutic intervention based on metabolic perturbation.
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49
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Speidel D. The role of DNA damage responses in p53 biology. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:501-17. [PMID: 25618545 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The tumour suppressor p53 is a central player in cellular DNA damage responses. P53 is upregulated and activated by genotoxic stress and induces a transcriptional programme with effectors promoting apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, senescence and DNA repair. For the best part of the last three decades, these DNA damage-related programmes triggered by p53 were unequivocally regarded as the major if not sole mechanism by which p53 exerts its tumour suppressor function. However, this interpretation has been challenged by a number of recent in vivo studies, demonstrating that mice which are defective in inducing p53-dependent apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and senescence suppress thymic lymphoma as well as wild-type p53 expressing animals. Consequently, the importance of DNA damage responses for p53-mediated tumour suppression has been questioned. In this review, I summarize current knowledge on p53-controlled DNA damage responses and argue that these activities, while their role has certainly changed, remain an important feature of p53 biology with relevance for cancer therapy and tumour suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Speidel
- Children's Medical Research Institute, 214 Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia,
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50
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Monti P, Ciribilli Y, Bisio A, Foggetti G, Raimondi I, Campomenosi P, Menichini P, Fronza G, Inga A. ∆N-P63α and TA-P63α exhibit intrinsic differences in transactivation specificities that depend on distinct features of DNA target sites. Oncotarget 2015; 5:2116-30. [PMID: 24926492 PMCID: PMC4039150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TP63 is a member of the TP53 gene family that encodes for up to ten different TA and ΔN isoforms through alternative promoter usage and alternative splicing. Besides being a master regulator of gene expression for squamous epithelial proliferation, differentiation and maintenance, P63, through differential expression of its isoforms, plays important roles in tumorigenesis. All P63 isoforms share an immunoglobulin-like folded DNA binding domain responsible for binding to sequence-specific response elements (REs), whose overall consensus sequence is similar to that of the canonical p53 RE. Using a defined assay in yeast, where P63 isoforms and RE sequences are the only variables, and gene expression assays in human cell lines, we demonstrated that human TA- and ΔN-P63α proteins exhibited differences in transactivation specificity not observed with the corresponding P73 or P53 protein isoforms. These differences 1) were dependent on specific features of the RE sequence, 2) could be related to intrinsic differences in their oligomeric state and cooperative DNA binding, and 3) appeared to be conserved in evolution. Since genotoxic stress can change relative ratio of TA- and ΔN-P63α protein levels, the different transactivation specificity of each P63 isoform could potentially influence cellular responses to specific stresses.
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