1
|
Lama J, Srivastav S, Tasnim S, Hubbard D, Hadjipanteli S, Smith BR, Macdonald SJ, Green L, Kelleher ES. Genetic variation in P-element dysgenic sterility is associated with double-strand break repair and alternative splicing of TE transcripts. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010080. [PMID: 36477699 PMCID: PMC9762592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The germline mobilization of transposable elements (TEs) by small RNA mediated silencing pathways is conserved across eukaryotes and critical for ensuring the integrity of gamete genomes. However, genomes are recurrently invaded by novel TEs through horizontal transfer. These invading TEs are not targeted by host small RNAs, and their unregulated activity can cause DNA damage in germline cells and ultimately lead to sterility. Here we use hybrid dysgenesis-a sterility syndrome of Drosophila caused by transposition of invading P-element DNA transposons-to uncover host genetic variants that modulate dysgenic sterility. Using a panel of highly recombinant inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster, we identified two linked quantitative trait loci (QTL) that determine the severity of dysgenic sterility in young and old females, respectively. We show that ovaries of fertile genotypes exhibit increased expression of splicing factors that suppress the production of transposase encoding transcripts, which likely reduces the transposition rate and associated DNA damage. We also show that fertile alleles are associated with decreased sensitivity to double-stranded breaks and enhanced DNA repair, explaining their ability to withstand high germline transposition rates. Together, our work reveals a diversity of mechanisms whereby host genotype modulates the cost of an invading TE, and points to genetic variants that were likely beneficial during the P-element invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Lama
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Satyam Srivastav
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Sadia Tasnim
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Donald Hubbard
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Savana Hadjipanteli
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Brittny R. Smith
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Stuart J. Macdonald
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Llewellyn Green
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erin S. Kelleher
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The Vascular Niche for Adult Cardiac Progenitor Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050882. [PMID: 35624750 PMCID: PMC9137669 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on cardiac progenitor cell populations has generated expectations about their potential for cardiac regeneration capacity after acute myocardial infarction and during physiological aging; however, the endogenous capacity of the adult mammalian heart is limited. The modest efficacy of exogenous cell-based treatments can guide the development of new approaches that, alone or in combination, can be applied to boost clinical efficacy. The identification and manipulation of the adult stem cell environment, termed niche, will be critical for providing new evidence on adult stem cell populations and improving stem-cell-based therapies. Here, we review and discuss the state of our understanding of the interaction of adult cardiac progenitor cells with other cardiac cell populations, with a focus on the description of the B-CPC progenitor population (Bmi1+ cardiac progenitor cell), which is a strong candidate progenitor for all main cardiac cell lineages, both in the steady state and after cardiac damage. The set of all interactions should be able to define the vascular cardiac stem cell niche, which is associated with low oxidative stress domains in vasculature, and whose manipulation would offer new hope in the cardiac regeneration field.
Collapse
|
3
|
The Paramount Role of Drosophila melanogaster in the Study of Epigenetics: From Simple Phenotypes to Molecular Dissection and Higher-Order Genome Organization. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100884. [PMID: 34680653 PMCID: PMC8537509 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Since its adoption as a model organism more than a hundred years ago, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has led to major discoveries in biology, notably in epigenetics. Epigenetics studies the changes in gene function inherited through mitosis or meiosis that are not due to modifications in the DNA sequence. The first discoveries in epigenetics emerged from analyses of the perturbations of simple phenotypes such as the bristle position or cuticle pigmentation. Identification of the mutated genes led to the discovery of major chromatin regulators, which were found to be conserved in other insects, and unexpectedly, in all metazoans. Many of them deposit post-translational modifications on histones, the proteins around which the DNA is wrapped. Others are chromatin remodeling complexes that move, eject, or exchange nucleosomes. We review here the role of D. melanogaster research in three important epigenetic fields: The formation of heterochromatin, the repression of mobile DNA elements by small RNAs, and the regulation of gene expression by the antagonistic Polycomb and Trithorax complexes. We then review how genetic tools available in D. melanogaster have allowed us to examine the role of histone marks and led to more global discoveries on chromatin organization. Lastly, we discuss the impact of varying environmental conditions on epigenetic regulation. Abstract Drosophila melanogaster has played a paramount role in epigenetics, the study of changes in gene function inherited through mitosis or meiosis that are not due to changes in the DNA sequence. By analyzing simple phenotypes, such as the bristle position or cuticle pigmentation, as read-outs of regulatory processes, the identification of mutated genes led to the discovery of major chromatin regulators. These are often conserved in distantly related organisms such as vertebrates or even plants. Many of them deposit, recognize, or erase post-translational modifications on histones (histone marks). Others are members of chromatin remodeling complexes that move, eject, or exchange nucleosomes. We review the role of D. melanogaster research in three epigenetic fields: Heterochromatin formation and maintenance, the repression of transposable elements by piRNAs, and the regulation of gene expression by the antagonistic Polycomb and Trithorax complexes. We then describe how genetic tools available in D. melanogaster allowed to examine the role of histone marks and show that some histone marks are dispensable for gene regulation, whereas others play essential roles. Next, we describe how D. melanogaster has been particularly important in defining chromatin types, higher-order chromatin structures, and their dynamic changes during development. Lastly, we discuss the role of epigenetics in a changing environment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Koreski KP, Rieder LE, McLain LM, Chaubal A, Marzluff WF, Duronio RJ. Drosophila histone locus body assembly and function involves multiple interactions. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:1525-1537. [PMID: 32401666 PMCID: PMC7359574 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-03-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The histone locus body (HLB) assembles at replication-dependent (RD) histone loci and concentrates factors required for RD histone mRNA biosynthesis. The Drosophila melanogaster genome has a single locus comprised of ∼100 copies of a tandemly arrayed 5-kB repeat unit containing one copy of each of the 5 RD histone genes. To determine sequence elements required for D. melanogaster HLB formation and histone gene expression, we used transgenic gene arrays containing 12 copies of the histone repeat unit that functionally complement loss of the ∼200 endogenous RD histone genes. A 12x histone gene array in which all H3-H4 promoters were replaced with H2a-H2b promoters (12xPR) does not form an HLB or express high levels of RD histone mRNA in the presence of the endogenous histone genes. In contrast, this same transgenic array is active in HLB assembly and RD histone gene expression in the absence of the endogenous RD histone genes and rescues the lethality caused by homozygous deletion of the RD histone locus. The HLB formed in the absence of endogenous RD histone genes on the mutant 12x array contains all known factors present in the wild-type HLB including CLAMP, which normally binds to GAGA repeats in the H3-H4 promoter. These data suggest that multiple protein–protein and/or protein–DNA interactions contribute to HLB formation, and that the large number of endogenous RD histone gene copies sequester available factor(s) from attenuated transgenic arrays, thereby preventing HLB formation and gene expression on these arrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin P Koreski
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Leila E Rieder
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Lyndsey M McLain
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Ashlesha Chaubal
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - William F Marzluff
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Robert J Duronio
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kurihara M, Komatsu K, Awane R, Inoue YH. Loss of Histone Locus Bodies in the Mature Hemocytes of Larval Lymph Gland Result in Hyperplasia of the Tissue in mxc Mutants of Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1586. [PMID: 32111032 PMCID: PMC7084650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the multi sex combs (mxc) gene in Drosophila results in malignant hyperplasia in larval hematopoietic tissues, called lymph glands (LG). mxc encodes a component of the histone locus body (HLB) that is essential for cell cycle-dependent transcription and processing of histone mRNAs. The mammalian nuclear protein ataxia-telangiectasia (NPAT) gene, encoded by the responsible gene for ataxia telangiectasia, is a functional Mxc orthologue. However, their roles in tumorigenesis are unclear. Genetic analyses of the mxc mutants and larvae having LG-specific depletion revealed that a reduced activity of the gene resulted in the hyperplasia, which is caused by hyper-proliferation of immature LG cells. The depletion of mxc in mature hemocytes of the LG resulted in the hyperplasia. Furthermore, the inhibition of HLB formation was required for LG hyperplasia. In the mutant larvae, the total mRNA levels of the five canonical histones decreased, and abnormal forms of polyadenylated histone mRNAs, detected rarely in normal larvae, were generated. The ectopic expression of the polyadenylated mRNAs was sufficient for the reproduction of the hyperplasia. The loss of HLB function, especially 3-end processing of histone mRNAs, is critical for malignant LG hyperplasia in this leukemia model in Drosophila. We propose that mxc is involved in the activation to induce adenosine deaminase-related growth factor A (Adgf-A), which suppresses immature cell proliferation in LG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshihiro H. Inoue
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan; (M.K.); (K.K.); (R.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Araki M, Kurihara M, Kinoshita S, Awane R, Sato T, Ohkawa Y, Inoue YH. Anti-tumour effects of antimicrobial peptides, components of the innate immune system, against haematopoietic tumours in Drosophila mxc mutants. Dis Model Mech 2019; 12:dmm037721. [PMID: 31160313 PMCID: PMC6602314 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.037721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response is the first line of defence against microbial infections. In Drosophila, two major pathways of the innate immune system (the Toll- and Imd-mediated pathways) induce the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) within the fat body. Recently, it has been reported that certain cationic AMPs exhibit selective cytotoxicity against human cancer cells; however, little is known about their anti-tumour effects. Drosophila mxcmbn1 mutants exhibit malignant hyperplasia in a larval haematopoietic organ called the lymph gland (LG). Here, using RNA-seq analysis, we found many immunoresponsive genes, including those encoding AMPs, to be upregulated in these mutants. Downregulation of these pathways by either a Toll or imd mutation enhanced the tumour phenotype of the mxc mutants. Conversely, ectopic expression of each of five different AMPs in the fat body significantly suppressed the LG hyperplasia phenotype in the mutants. Thus, we propose that the Drosophila innate immune system can suppress the progression of haematopoietic tumours by inducing AMP gene expression. Overexpression of any one of the five AMPs studied resulted in enhanced apoptosis in mutant LGs, whereas no apoptotic signals were detected in controls. We observed that two AMPs, Drosomycin and Defensin, were taken up by circulating haemocyte-like cells, which were associated with the LG regions and showed reduced cell-to-cell adhesion in the mutants. By contrast, the AMP Diptericin was directly localised at the tumour site without intermediating haemocytes. These results suggest that AMPs have a specific cytotoxic effect that enhances apoptosis exclusively in the tumour cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayo Araki
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Centre for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
| | - Massanori Kurihara
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Centre for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
| | - Suzuko Kinoshita
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Centre for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
| | - Rie Awane
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Centre for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sato
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Kyushu 812-0054, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohkawa
- Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Kyushu 812-0054, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro H Inoue
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Centre for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tanabe K, Awane R, Shoda T, Yamazoe K, Inoue YH. Mutations in mxc Tumor-Suppressor Gene Induce Chromosome Instability in Drosophila Male Meiosis. Cell Struct Funct 2019; 44:121-135. [DOI: 10.1247/csf.19022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tanabe
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Rie Awane
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Tsuyoshi Shoda
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Kanta Yamazoe
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| | - Yoshihiro H. Inoue
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Gametogenesis represents the most dramatic cellular differentiation pathways in both female and male flies. At the genome level, meiosis ensures that diploid germ cells become haploid gametes. At the epigenome level, extensive changes are required to turn on and shut off gene expression in a precise spatiotemporally controlled manner. Research applying conventional molecular genetics and cell biology, in combination with rapidly advancing genomic tools have helped us to investigate (1) how germ cells maintain lineage specificity throughout their adult reproductive lifetime; (2) what molecular mechanisms ensure proper oogenesis and spermatogenesis, as well as protect genome integrity of the germline; (3) how signaling pathways contribute to germline-soma communication; and (4) if such communication is important. In this chapter, we highlight recent discoveries that have improved our understanding of these questions. On the other hand, restarting a new life cycle upon fertilization is a unique challenge faced by gametes, raising questions that involve intergenerational and transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Therefore, we also discuss new developments that link changes during gametogenesis to early embryonic development-a rapidly growing field that promises to bring more understanding to some fundamental questions regarding metazoan development.
Collapse
|
9
|
DNA damage and tissue repair: What we can learn from planaria. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 87:145-159. [PMID: 29727725 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Faithful renewal of aging and damaged tissues is central to organismal lifespan. Stem cells (SCs) generate the cellular progeny that replenish adult tissues across the body but this task becomes increasingly compromised over time. The age related decline in SC-mediated tissue maintenance is a multifactorial event that commonly affects genome integrity. The presence of DNA damage in SCs that are under continuous demand to divide poses a great risk for age-related disorders such as cancer. However, performing analysis of SCs with genomic instability and the DNA damage response during tissue renewal present significant challenges. Here we introduce an alternative experimental system based on the planaria flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea to address at the organismal level studies intersecting SC-mediated tissue renewal in the presence of genomic instability. Planaria have abundant SCs (neoblasts) that maintain high rates of cellular turnover and a variety of molecular tools have been developed to induce DNA damage and dissect how neoblasts respond to this stressor. S. mediterranea displays high evolutionary conservation of DNA repair mechanisms and signaling pathways regulating adult SCs. We describe genetically induced-DNA damage models and highlight body-wide signals affecting cellular decisions such as survival, proliferation, and death in the presence of genomic instability. We also discuss transcriptomic changes in the DNA damage response during injury repair and propose DNA repair as key component of tissue regeneration. Additional studies using planaria will provide insights about mechanisms regulating survival and growth of cells with DNA damage during tissue renewal and regeneration.
Collapse
|
10
|
Feng L, Shi Z, Xie J, Ma B, Chen X. Enhancer of polycomb maintains germline activity and genome integrity in Drosophila testis. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:1486-1502. [PMID: 29362481 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue homeostasis depends on the ability of tissue-specific adult stem cells to maintain a balance between proliferation and differentiation, as well as ensure DNA damage repair. Here, we use the Drosophila male germline stem cell system to study how a chromatin factor, enhancer of polycomb [E(Pc)], regulates the proliferation-to-differentiation (mitosis-to-meiosis) transition and DNA damage repair. We identified two critical targets of E(Pc). First, E(Pc) represses CycB transcription, likely through modulating H4 acetylation. Second, E(Pc) is required for accumulation of an important germline differentiation factor, Bag-of-marbles (Bam), through post-transcriptional regulation. When E(Pc) is downregulated, increased CycB and decreased Bam are both responsible for defective mitosis-to-meiosis transition in the germline. Moreover, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) accumulate upon germline inactivation of E(Pc) under both physiological condition and recovery from heat shock-induced endonuclease expression. Failure of robust DSB repair likely leads to germ cell loss. Finally, compromising the activity of Tip60, a histone acetyltransferase, leads to germline defects similar to E(Pc) loss-of-function, suggesting that E(Pc) acts cooperatively with Tip60. Together, our data demonstrate that E(Pc) has pleiotropic roles in maintaining male germline activity and genome integrity. Our findings will help elucidate the in vivo molecular mechanisms of E(Pc).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Feng
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhen Shi
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Geometry Technologies LLC, 6-302, 289 Bisheng Lane, Zhangjiang, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Clinical Research Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Binbin Ma
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.,Clinical Research Center for Stem Cell Therapy and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Herrero D, Tomé M, Cañón S, Cruz FM, Carmona RM, Fuster E, Roche E, Bernad A. Redox-dependent BMI1 activity drives in vivo adult cardiac progenitor cell differentiation. Cell Death Differ 2018; 25:809-822. [PMID: 29323265 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-017-0022-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is associated with several cardiovascular pathologies and with cell cycle exit by neonanatal cardiomyocytes, a key limiting factor in the regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian heart. The polycomb complex component BMI1 is linked to adult progenitors and is an important partner in DNA repair and redox regulation. We found that high BMI1 expression is associated with an adult Sca1+ cardiac progenitor sub-population with low ROS levels. In homeostasis, BMI1 repressed cell fate genes, including a cardiogenic differentiation program. Oxidative damage nonetheless modified BMI1 activity in vivo by derepressing canonical target genes in favor of their antioxidant and anticlastogenic functions. This redox-mediated mechanism is not restricted to damage situations, however, and we report ROS-associated differentiation of cardiac progenitors in steady state. These findings demonstrate how redox status influences the cardiac progenitor response, and identify redox-mediated BMI1 regulation with implications in maintenance of cellular identity in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Herrero
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Tomé
- Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Cañón
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco M Cruz
- Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María Carmona
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Encarna Fuster
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition and Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Fundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Enrique Roche
- CIBERobn (Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition CB12/03/30038), Carlos III Health Research Institute (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition and Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL-FISABIO Fundation), Alicante, Spain
| | - Antonio Bernad
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Spanish National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain. .,Cardiovascular Development and Repair Department, Spanish National Cardiovascular Research Center (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Posukh OV, Maksimov DA, Laktionov PP, Koryakov DE, Belyakin SN. Functional dissection of Drosophila melanogaster SUUR protein influence on H3K27me3 profile. Epigenetics Chromatin 2017; 10:56. [PMID: 29191233 PMCID: PMC5709859 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-017-0163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In eukaryotes, heterochromatin replicates late in S phase of the cell cycle and contains specific covalent modifications of histones. SuUR mutation found in Drosophila makes heterochromatin replicate earlier than in wild type and reduces the level of repressive histone modifications. SUUR protein was shown to be associated with moving replication forks, apparently through the interaction with PCNA. The biological process underlying the effects of SUUR on replication and composition of heterochromatin remains unknown. RESULTS Here we performed a functional dissection of SUUR protein effects on H3K27me3 level. Using hidden Markow model-based algorithm we revealed SuUR-sensitive chromosomal regions that demonstrated unusual characteristics: They do not contain Polycomb and require SUUR function to sustain H3K27me3 level. We tested the role of SUUR protein in the mechanisms that could affect H3K27me3 histone levels in these regions. We found that SUUR does not affect the initial H3K27me3 pattern formation in embryogenesis or Polycomb distribution in the chromosomes. We also ruled out the possible effect of SUUR on histone genes expression and its involvement in DSB repair. CONCLUSIONS Obtained results support the idea that SUUR protein contributes to the heterochromatin maintenance during the chromosome replication. A model that explains major SUUR-associated phenotypes is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Posukh
- Genomics Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Lavrentyev ave. 8/2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Daniil A Maksimov
- Genomics Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Lavrentyev ave. 8/2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Petr P Laktionov
- Genomics Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Lavrentyev ave. 8/2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Dmitry E Koryakov
- Genomics Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Lavrentyev ave. 8/2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str. 2, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Stepan N Belyakin
- Genomics Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology SB RAS, Lavrentyev ave. 8/2, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090. .,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov str. 2, Novosibirsk, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Klosin A, Reis K, Hidalgo-Carcedo C, Casas E, Vavouri T, Lehner B. Impaired DNA replication derepresses chromatin and generates a transgenerationally inherited epigenetic memory. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701143. [PMID: 28835928 PMCID: PMC5559210 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired DNA replication is a hallmark of cancer and a cause of genomic instability. We report that, in addition to causing genetic change, impaired DNA replication during embryonic development can have major epigenetic consequences for a genome. In a genome-wide screen, we identified impaired DNA replication as a cause of increased expression from a repressed transgene in Caenorhabditis elegans. The acquired expression state behaved as an "epiallele," being inherited for multiple generations before fully resetting. Derepression was not restricted to the transgene but was caused by a global reduction in heterochromatin-associated histone modifications due to the impaired retention of modified histones on DNA during replication in the early embryo. Impaired DNA replication during development can therefore globally derepress chromatin, creating new intergenerationally inherited epigenetic expression states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Klosin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory–Centre for Genomic Regulation (EMBL-CRG) Systems Biology Unit, CRG, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kadri Reis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory–Centre for Genomic Regulation (EMBL-CRG) Systems Biology Unit, CRG, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Hidalgo-Carcedo
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory–Centre for Genomic Regulation (EMBL-CRG) Systems Biology Unit, CRG, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Casas
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer–Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tanya Vavouri
- Program of Predictive and Personalized Medicine of Cancer–Institute Germans Trias i Pujol, Can Ruti Campus, Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Can Ruti Campus, Ctra de Can Ruti, Camí de les Escoles s/n, Badalona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ben Lehner
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory–Centre for Genomic Regulation (EMBL-CRG) Systems Biology Unit, CRG, the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Landis GN, Salomon MP, Keroles D, Brookes N, Sekimura T, Tower J. The progesterone antagonist mifepristone/RU486 blocks the negative effect on life span caused by mating in female Drosophila. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 7:53-69. [PMID: 25614682 PMCID: PMC4350324 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mating causes decreased life span in female Drosophila. Here we report that mifepristone blocked this effect, yielding life span increases up to +68%. Drug was fed to females after mating, in the absence of males, demonstrating function in females. Mifepristone did not increase life span of virgin females or males. Mifepristone reduced progeny production but did not reduce food intake. High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to identify genes up-regulated or down-regulated upon mating, and where the change was reduced by mifepristone. Five candidate positive regulators of life span were identified, including dosage compensation regulator Unr and three X-linked genes: multi sex combs (PcG gene), Dopamine 2-like receptor and CG14215. The 37 candidate negative genes included neuropeptide CNMamide and several involved in protein mobilization and immune response. The results inform the interpretation of experiments involving mifepristone, and implicate steroid hormone signaling in regulating the trade-off between reproduction and life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary N Landis
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA
| | - Matthew P Salomon
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA
| | - Daniel Keroles
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA
| | - Nicholas Brookes
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA
| | - Troy Sekimura
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA
| | - John Tower
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Feng L, Chen X. Epigenetic regulation of germ cells-remember or forget? Curr Opin Genet Dev 2015; 31:20-7. [PMID: 25930104 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Unlike somatic cells, germ cells retain the potential to reproduce an entire new organism upon fertilization. In order to accomplish the process of fertilization, germ cells undergo an extreme cellular differentiation process known as gametogenesis in order to produce morphologically and functionally distinct oocyte and sperm. In addition to changes in genetic content changes from diploid to haploid, epigenetic mechanisms that modify chromatin state without altering primary DNA sequences have profound influence on germ cell differentiation and moreover, the transgenerational effect. In this review, we will go over the most recent discoveries on epigenetic regulations in germline differentiation and transgenerational inheritance across different metazoan species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Feng
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Terzo EA, Lyons SM, Poulton JS, Temple BRS, Marzluff WF, Duronio RJ. Distinct self-interaction domains promote Multi Sex Combs accumulation in and formation of the Drosophila histone locus body. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:1559-74. [PMID: 25694448 PMCID: PMC4395134 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-10-1445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila Multi Sex Combs (Mxc) protein is necessary for the recruitment of histone mRNA biosynthetic factors to the histone locus body (HLB). Mxc contains multiple domains required for HLB assembly and histone mRNA biosynthesis. Two N-terminal domains of Mxc are essential for promoting HLB assembly via a self-interaction. Nuclear bodies (NBs) are structures that concentrate proteins, RNAs, and ribonucleoproteins that perform functions essential to gene expression. How NBs assemble is not well understood. We studied the Drosophila histone locus body (HLB), a NB that concentrates factors required for histone mRNA biosynthesis at the replication-dependent histone gene locus. We coupled biochemical analysis with confocal imaging of both fixed and live tissues to demonstrate that the Drosophila Multi Sex Combs (Mxc) protein contains multiple domains necessary for HLB assembly. An important feature of this assembly process is the self-interaction of Mxc via two conserved N-terminal domains: a LisH domain and a novel self-interaction facilitator (SIF) domain immediately downstream of the LisH domain. Molecular modeling suggests that the LisH and SIF domains directly interact, and mutation of either the LisH or the SIF domain severely impairs Mxc function in vivo, resulting in reduced histone mRNA accumulation. A region of Mxc between amino acids 721 and 1481 is also necessary for HLB assembly independent of the LisH and SIF domains. Finally, the C-terminal 195 amino acids of Mxc are required for recruiting FLASH, an essential histone mRNA-processing factor, to the HLB. We conclude that multiple domains of the Mxc protein promote HLB assembly in order to concentrate factors required for histone mRNA biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A Terzo
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Shawn M Lyons
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - John S Poulton
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Brenda R S Temple
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - William F Marzluff
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Robert J Duronio
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Human papillomavirus carcinogenesis: an identity crisis in the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor pathway. J Virol 2015; 89:4708-11. [PMID: 25673729 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03486-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and need to reprogram host cells to establish long-term persistent infection and/or to produce viral progeny. Cellular changes initiated by the virus trigger cellular defense responses to cripple viral replication, and viruses have evolved countermeasures to neutralize them. Established models have suggested that human papillomaviruses target the retinoblastoma (RB1) and TP53 tumor suppressor networks to usurp cellular replication, which drives carcinogenesis. More recent studies, however, suggest that modulating the activity of the Polycomb family of transcriptional repressors and the resulting changes in epigenetic regulation are proximal steps in the rewiring of cellular signaling circuits. Consequently, RB1 inactivation evolved to tolerate the resulting cellular alterations. Therefore, epigenetic reprograming results in cellular "addictions" to pathways for survival. Inhibition of such a pathway could cause "synthetic lethality" in adapted cells while not markedly affecting normal cells and could prove to be an effective therapeutic approach.
Collapse
|
18
|
Voog J, Sandall SL, Hime GR, Resende LPF, Loza-Coll M, Aslanian A, Yates JR, Hunter T, Fuller MT, Jones DL. Escargot restricts niche cell to stem cell conversion in the Drosophila testis. Cell Rep 2014; 7:722-34. [PMID: 24794442 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells reside within specialized microenvironments, or niches, that control many aspects of stem cell behavior. Somatic hub cells in the Drosophila testis regulate the behavior of cyst stem cells (CySCs) and germline stem cells (GSCs) and are a primary component of the testis stem cell niche. The shutoff (shof) mutation, characterized by premature loss of GSCs and CySCs, was mapped to a locus encoding the evolutionarily conserved transcription factor Escargot (Esg). Hub cells depleted of Esg acquire CySC characteristics and differentiate as cyst cells, resulting in complete loss of hub cells and eventually CySCs and GSCs, similar to the shof mutant phenotype. We identified Esg-interacting proteins and demonstrate an interaction between Esg and the corepressor C-terminal binding protein (CtBP), which was also required for maintenance of hub cell fate. Our results indicate that niche cells can acquire stem cell properties upon removal of a single transcription factor in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Voog
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sharsti L Sandall
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gary R Hime
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Luís Pedro F Resende
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; GABBA, Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariano Loza-Coll
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Aaron Aslanian
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Tony Hunter
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Margaret T Fuller
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - D Leanne Jones
- Laboratory of Genetics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| |
Collapse
|