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Xu P, Xiao Y, Xiao Z, Li J. Exploitation and Application of a New Genetic Sex Marker Based on Intron Insertion Variation of erc2 Gene in Oplegnathus punctatus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024:10.1007/s10126-024-10363-3. [PMID: 39212851 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10363-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Spotted knifejaw (Oplegnathus punctatus), one of the most valuable mariculture species, grows with significant sexual dimorphism, with males growing significantly faster than females. O. punctatus not only has excellent growth characteristics and high food value, but also shows high economic value in aquaculture, which has become a hotspot in the field of aquaculture. The current insufficiency of sex marker identification in O. punctatus restricts the process of its unisexual breeding. Rapid identification of sex will help to study the mechanisms of sex determination and accelerate the development of sex-controlled breeding. With the completion of the sequencing of the male and female genomes of O. punctatus, the efficient and precise development of genetic sex markers has been made possible. In this study, we used genome-wide information combined with molecular biology techniques from marker sequences to further establish a rapid method for DNA insertion variant detection in the intron of O. punctatus erc2 gene, which can be used to rapidly, accurately, and efficiently identify whether DNA insertion occurs in the intron of O. punctatus erc2 gene to be detected, and to identify the sex of O. punctatus to be detected. It could also be distinguished by agarose gel electrophoresis, which would shorten the time for accurate identification and improves the detection efficiency. Homozygous comparison of male and female individuals showed that the length of the DNA fragment of the erc2 gene was 239 bp on chromosome X1 and 1173 bp on chromosome Y. It can therefore be inferred that a 934 bp insertion fragment exists on the Y chromosome. The PCR amplification results showed that two DNA fragments of 1173 bp and 239 bp could be amplified in male O. punctatus, and the 1173 bp fragment was a marker fragment specific to the variant intron erc2 gene, while only a single DNA fragment of 239 bp was amplified in female O. punctatus. It has important significance and application value in the study of neurotransmitter transmission and environmental adaptability of female and male fish based on erc2 gene, as well as the identification of male and female sex, the preparation of high male fry, and family breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture (CAS). Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongshuang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture (CAS). Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China.
| | - Zhizhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture (CAS). Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
- Weihai Hao Huigan Marine Biotechnology Co, Weihai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Breeding Biotechnology and Sustainable Aquaculture (CAS). Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China.
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Dugan MP, Maiya R, Fleischer C, Bajo M, Snyder AE, Koduri A, Srinivasan S, Roberto M, Messing RO. Brain-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 is a substrate of protein kinase C epsilon involved in sex-specific ethanol and anxiety phenotypes. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13388. [PMID: 38497285 PMCID: PMC10950061 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε) regulates behavioural responses to ethanol and plays a role in anxiety-like behaviour, but knowledge is limited on downstream substrates of PKCε that contribute to these behaviours. We recently identified brain-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (BRSK1) as a substrate of PKCε. Here, we test the hypothesis that BRSK1 mediates responses to ethanol and anxiety-like behaviours that are also PKCε dependent. We used in vitro kinase assays to further validate BRSK1 as a substrate of PKCε and used Brsk1-/- mice to assess the role of BRSK1 in ethanol- and anxiety-related behaviours and in physiological responses to ethanol. We found that BRSK1 is phosphorylated by PKCε at a residue identified in a chemical genetic screen of PKCε substrates in mouse brain. Like Prkce-/- mice, male and female Brsk1-/- mice were more sensitive than wild-type to the acute sedative-hypnotic effect of alcohol. Unlike Prkce-/- mice, Brsk1-/- mice responded like wild-type to ataxic doses of ethanol. Although in Prkce-/- mice ethanol consumption and reward are reduced in both sexes, they were reduced only in female Brsk1-/- mice. Ex vivo slice electrophysiology revealed that ethanol-induced facilitation of GABA release in the central amygdala was absent in male Brsk1-/- mice similar to findings in male Prkce-/- mice. Collectively, these results indicate that BRSK1 is a target of PKCε that mediates some PKCε-dependent responses to ethanol in a sex-specific manner and plays a role distinct from PKCε in anxiety-like behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Dugan
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchDepartment of NeuroscienceThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Rajani Maiya
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchDepartment of NeuroscienceThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
- Department of PhysiologyLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Caleb Fleischer
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchDepartment of NeuroscienceThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Michal Bajo
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Angela E. Snyder
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ashwin Koduri
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchDepartment of NeuroscienceThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Sathvik Srinivasan
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchDepartment of NeuroscienceThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular MedicineThe Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Robert O. Messing
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction ResearchDepartment of NeuroscienceThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
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Hu Y, Li M, Shen Y, Wang T, Liu Q, Lu Z, Wang H, Luo X, Yang L. Case report: A novel frameshift mutation in BRSK2 causes autism in a 16-year old Chinese boy. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1205204. [PMID: 37671287 PMCID: PMC10476520 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1205204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine protein kinases are involved in axon formation and neuronal polarization and have recently been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Here, we focus on BRSK2, which encodes brain-specific serine/threonine protein kinase 2. Although previous studies have reported 19 unrelated patients with BRSK2 pathogenic variation, only 15 of 19 patients have detailed clinical data. Therefore, more case reports are needed to enrich the phenotype associated with BRSK2 mutations. In this study, we report a novel de novo frameshift variant (c.442del, p.L148Cfs*39) identified by exome sequencing in a 16 year-old Chinese boy with ASD. The proband presented with attention-deficit, auditory hallucinations, limb tremor, and abnormal brain electrical activity mapping. This study expands the phenotypic spectrum of BRSK2-related cases and reveals the highly variable severity of disorders associated with BRSK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Li
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmei Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tianyun Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission of China, Beijing, China
- Autism Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zhonghua Lu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Wang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuerong Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lixin Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
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4
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Blumrich EM, Nicholson-Fish JC, Pronot M, Davenport EC, Kurian D, Cole A, Smillie KJ, Cousin MA. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα is a glycogen synthase kinase 3-regulated interaction hub for activity-dependent bulk endocytosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112633. [PMID: 37314927 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα (PI4KIIα) generates essential phospholipids and is a cargo for endosomal adaptor proteins. Activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE) is the dominant synaptic vesicle endocytosis mode during high neuronal activity and is sustained by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity. We reveal the GSK3β substrate PI4KIIα is essential for ADBE via its depletion in primary neuronal cultures. Kinase-dead PI4KIIα rescues ADBE in these neurons but not a phosphomimetic form mutated at the GSK3β site, Ser-47. Ser-47 phosphomimetic peptides inhibit ADBE in a dominant-negative manner, confirming that Ser-47 phosphorylation is essential for ADBE. Phosphomimetic PI4KIIα interacts with a specific cohort of presynaptic molecules, two of which, AGAP2 and CAMKV, are also essential for ADBE when depleted in neurons. Thus, PI4KIIα is a GSK3β-dependent interaction hub that silos essential ADBE molecules for liberation during neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Blumrich
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jessica C Nicholson-Fish
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Marie Pronot
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Davenport
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Adam Cole
- Neurosignalling and Mood Disorders Group, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Karen J Smillie
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK.
| | - Michael A Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK.
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5
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Hagiwara A, Mizutani A, Kawamura S, Abe M, Hida Y, Sakimura K, Ohtsuka T. Critical Role of the Presynaptic Protein CAST in Maintaining the Photoreceptor Ribbon Synapse Triad. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087251. [PMID: 37108413 PMCID: PMC10138387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytomatrix at the active zone-associated structural protein (CAST) and its homologue, named ELKS, being rich in glutamate (E), leucine (L), lysine (K), and serine (S), belong to a family of proteins that organize presynaptic active zones at nerve terminals. These proteins interact with other active zone proteins, including RIMs, Munc13s, Bassoon, and the β subunit of Ca2+ channels, and have various roles in neurotransmitter release. A previous study showed that depletion of CAST/ELKS in the retina causes morphological changes and functional impairment of this structure. In this study, we investigated the roles of CAST and ELKS in ectopic synapse localization. We found that the involvement of these proteins in ribbon synapse distribution is complex. Unexpectedly, CAST and ELKS, in photoreceptors or in horizontal cells, did not play a major role in ribbon synapse ectopic localization. However, depletion of CAST and ELKS in the mature retina resulted in degeneration of the photoreceptors. These findings suggest that CAST and ELKS play critical roles in maintaining neural signal transduction in the retina, but the regulation of photoreceptor triad synapse distribution is not solely dependent on their actions within photoreceptors and horizontal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Hagiwara
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Ayako Mizutani
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Saki Kawamura
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yamato Hida
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
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6
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Mochida S. Mechanisms of Synaptic Vesicle Exo- and Endocytosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1593. [PMID: 35884898 PMCID: PMC9313035 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Within 1 millisecond of action potential arrival at presynaptic terminals voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open. The Ca2+ channels are linked to synaptic vesicles which are tethered by active zone proteins. Ca2+ entrance into the active zone triggers: (1) the fusion of the vesicle and exocytosis, (2) the replenishment of the active zone with vesicles for incoming exocytosis, and (3) various types of endocytosis for vesicle reuse, dependent on the pattern of firing. These time-dependent vesicle dynamics are controlled by presynaptic Ca2+ sensor proteins, regulating active zone scaffold proteins, fusion machinery proteins, motor proteins, endocytic proteins, several enzymes, and even Ca2+ channels, following the decay of Ca2+ concentration after the action potential. Here, I summarize the Ca2+-dependent protein controls of synchronous and asynchronous vesicle release, rapid replenishment of the active zone, endocytosis, and short-term plasticity within 100 msec after the action potential. Furthermore, I discuss the contribution of active zone proteins to presynaptic plasticity and to homeostatic readjustment during and after intense activity, in addition to activity-dependent endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Mochida
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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7
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Cheng P, Chen K, Zhang S, Mu KT, Liang S, Zhang Y. IDH1 R132C and ERC2 L309I Mutations Contribute to the Development of Maffucci's Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:763349. [PMID: 34790172 PMCID: PMC8591216 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.763349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maffucci's syndrome is characterized by the coexistence of multiple enchondromas and soft-tissue hemangiomas. It has been clear that somatic mosaic isocitrate dehydrogenase type 1 (IDH1) or isocitrate dehydrogenase type 2 (IDH2) mutations are associated with Maffucci's syndrome and Ollier disease, but the mechanisms underlying hemangiomas of the Maffucci's syndrome is still obscure. This study aimed to determine the mechanism of hemangiomas in Maffucci's syndrome. Methods We received a 26-year-old female patient with typical Maffucci's syndrome, and exome sequencing was conducted using DNA from her peripheral blood and enchondroma tissues. Somatic mutations were characterized by a comparative analysis of exome sequences and further confirmed by the sequencing of PCR products derived from original blood and tissue samples. The mutations of an additional 69 patients with Ollier disease were further tested. The functional impacts of these somatic mutations on Maffucci's syndrome, especially the development of hemangiomas, were evaluated. Results We reported a typical case of Maffucci's syndrome, which was confirmed by both imaging findings and pathology. Through exome sequencing of this patient's DNA samples, we identified an R132C mutation in the isocitrate dehydrogenase type 1 (IDH1) gene and an L309I mutation in the ELKS/RAB6-interacting/CAST family member 2 (ERC2) gene in this patient. Approximately 33.3% of the clones were positive for the IDH1 R132C mutation, and 19.0% of the clones were positive for the ECR2 L309I mutation. The IDH1 R132C mutation was detected in most of the patients with Ollier disease (51/69 patients), and the mean frequency of this mutation was 63.3% in total sequence readouts, but the ECR2 L309I mutation was absent in all of the patients with Ollier disease. In vitro experiments confirmed that the IDH1 R132C mutation promotes chondrocyte proliferation, and the ERC2 L309I mutation enhances angiogenesis. Conclusions Our results suggest that while IDH1 is a known pathogenic gene in enchondromatosis, ERC2 is a novel gene identified in Maffucci's syndrome. The somatic L309I mutation of ERC2 contributes to the pathogenesis of hypervascularization to facilitate the development of hemangiomas in Maffucci's syndrome. The combination of the IDH1 R132C and ERC2 L309I mutations contributes to the development of Maffucci's syndrome, and these results may enable further research on the pathogenesis of Maffucci's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke-tao Mu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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8
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Mochida S. Stable and Flexible Synaptic Transmission Controlled by the Active Zone Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111775. [PMID: 34769208 PMCID: PMC8583982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An action potential triggers neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles docking to a specialized release site of the presynaptic plasma membrane, the active zone. The active zone is a highly organized structure with proteins that serves as a platform for synaptic vesicle exocytosis, mediated by SNAREs complex and Ca2+ sensor proteins, within a sub-millisecond opening of nearby Ca2+ channels with the membrane depolarization. In response to incoming neuronal signals, each active zone protein plays a role in the release-ready site replenishment with synaptic vesicles for sustainable synaptic transmission. The active zone release apparatus provides a possible link between neuronal activity and plasticity. This review summarizes the mostly physiological role of active zone protein interactions that control synaptic strength, presynaptic short-term plasticity, and homeostatic synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Mochida
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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9
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Mochida S. Neurotransmitter Release Site Replenishment and Presynaptic Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010327. [PMID: 33396919 PMCID: PMC7794938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An action potential (AP) triggers neurotransmitter release from synaptic vesicles (SVs) docking to a specialized release site of presynaptic plasma membrane, the active zone (AZ). The AP simultaneously controls the release site replenishment with SV for sustainable synaptic transmission in response to incoming neuronal signals. Although many studies have suggested that the replenishment time is relatively slow, recent studies exploring high speed resolution have revealed SV dynamics with milliseconds timescale after an AP. Accurate regulation is conferred by proteins sensing Ca2+ entering through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels opened by an AP. This review summarizes how millisecond Ca2+ dynamics activate multiple protein cascades for control of the release site replenishment with release-ready SVs that underlie presynaptic short-term plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Mochida
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
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10
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Radulovic T, Dong W, Goral RO, Thomas CI, Veeraraghavan P, Montesinos MS, Guerrero-Given D, Goff K, Lübbert M, Kamasawa N, Ohtsuka T, Young SM. Presynaptic development is controlled by the core active zone proteins CAST/ELKS. J Physiol 2020; 598:2431-2452. [PMID: 32304329 DOI: 10.1113/jp279736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS CAST/ELKS are positive regulators of presynaptic growth and are suppressors of active zone expansion at the developing mouse calyx of Held. CAST/ELKS regulate all three CaV 2 subtype channel levels in the presynaptic terminal and not just CaV 2.1. The half-life of ELKS is on the timescale of days and not weeks. Synaptic transmission was not impacted by the loss of CAST/ELKS. CAST/ELKS are involved in pathways regulating morphological properties of presynaptic terminals during an early stage of circuit maturation. ABSTRACT Many presynaptic active zone (AZ) proteins have multiple regulatory roles that vary during distinct stages of neuronal circuit development. The CAST/ELKS protein family are evolutionarily conserved presynaptic AZ molecules that regulate presynaptic calcium channels, synaptic transmission and plasticity in the mammalian CNS. However, how these proteins regulate synapse development and presynaptic function in a developing neuronal circuit in its native environment is unclear. To unravel the roles of CAST/ELKS in glutamatergic synapse development and in presynaptic function, we used CAST knockout (KO) and ELKS conditional KO (CKO) mice to examine how their loss during the early stages of circuit maturation impacted the calyx of Held presynaptic terminal development and function. Morphological analysis from confocal z-stacks revealed that combined deletion of CAST/ELKS resulted in a reduction in the surface area and volume of the calyx. Analysis of AZ ultrastructure showed that AZ size was increased in the absence of CAST/ELKS. Patch clamp recordings demonstrated a reduction of all presynaptic CaV 2 channel subtype currents that correlated with a loss in presynaptic CaV 2 channel numbers. However, these changes did not impair synaptic transmission and plasticity and synaptic vesicle release kinetics. We conclude that CAST/ELKS proteins are positive regulators of presynaptic growth and are suppressors of AZ expansion and CaV 2 subtype currents and levels during calyx of Held development. We propose that CAST/ELKS are involved in pathways regulating presynaptic morphological properties and CaV 2 channel subtypes and suggest there is developmental compensation to preserve synaptic transmission during early stages of neuronal circuit maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Radulovic
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Medical Electrophysiological Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - R Oliver Goral
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Connon I Thomas
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | | | - Monica Suarez Montesinos
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Debbie Guerrero-Given
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Kevin Goff
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Matthias Lübbert
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Naomi Kamasawa
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Toshihisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemistry , Graduate School of Medicine/Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Samuel M Young
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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11
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Hagiwara A, Sugiyama N, Ohtsuka T. Impaired experience-dependent maternal care in presynaptic active zone protein CAST-deficient dams. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5238. [PMID: 32251313 PMCID: PMC7090055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sociological studies affirm the importance of parental care in the survival of offspring, maltreatment—including child neglect—remains prevalent in many countries. While child neglect is well known to affect child development, the causes of maternal neglect are poorly understood. Here, we found that female mice with a deletion mutation of CAST (a presynaptic release-machinery protein) showed significantly reduced weaning rate when primiparous and a recovered rate when multiparous. Indeed, when nurturing, primiparous and nulliparous CAST knock out (KO) mice exhibited less crouching time than control mice and moved greater distances. Contrary to expectations, plasma oxytocin (OXT) was not significantly reduced in CAST KO mice even though terminals of magnocellular neurons in the posterior pituitary expressed CAST. We further found that compared with control mice, CAST KO mice drank significantly less water when nurturing and had a greater preference for sucrose during pregnancy. We suggest that deficiency in presynaptic release-machinery protein impairs the facilitation of some maternal behaviours, which can be compensated for by experience and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akari Hagiwara
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Naoko Sugiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan.
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12
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Dong W, Radulovic T, Goral RO, Thomas C, Suarez Montesinos M, Guerrero-Given D, Hagiwara A, Putzke T, Hida Y, Abe M, Sakimura K, Kamasawa N, Ohtsuka T, Young SM. CAST/ELKS Proteins Control Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Channel Density and Synaptic Release Probability at a Mammalian Central Synapse. Cell Rep 2019; 24:284-293.e6. [PMID: 29996090 PMCID: PMC6372087 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the presynaptic terminal, the magnitude and location of Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) regulate the efficacy of neurotransmitter release. However, how presynaptic active zone proteins control mammalian VGCC levels and organization is unclear. To address this, we deleted the CAST/ELKS protein family at the calyx of Held, a CaV2.1 channel-exclusive presynaptic terminal. We found that loss of CAST/ELKS reduces the CaV2.1 current density with concomitant reductions in CaV2.1 channel numbers and clusters. Surprisingly, deletion of CAST/ELKS increases release probability while decreasing the readily releasable pool, with no change in active zone ultrastructure. In addition, Ca2+ channel coupling is unchanged, but spontaneous release rates are elevated. Thus, our data identify distinct roles for CAST/ELKS as positive regulators of CaV2.1 channel density and suggest that they regulate release probability through a post-priming step that controls synaptic vesicle fusogenicity. Dong et al. show that CAST/ELKS have multiple roles in presynaptic function. These proteins positively regulate CaV2.1 channel abundance and negatively regulate release probability. The authors propose that CAST/ELKS regulate release probability at a step in synaptic vesicle release that regulates the energy barrier for synaptic vesicle fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Tamara Radulovic
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - R Oliver Goral
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Connon Thomas
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Monica Suarez Montesinos
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Debbie Guerrero-Given
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Akari Hagiwara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Travis Putzke
- Research Group Molecular Mechanisms of Synaptic Function, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yamato Hida
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8585, Japan
| | - Naomi Kamasawa
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Toshihisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Samuel M Young
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Aging Mind Brain Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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13
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Serine-Arginine Protein Kinase SRPK2 Modulates the Assembly of the Active Zone Scaffolding Protein CAST1/ERC2. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111333. [PMID: 31671734 PMCID: PMC6912806 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons release neurotransmitters at a specialized region of the presynaptic membrane, the active zone (AZ), where a complex meshwork of proteins organizes the release apparatus. The formation of this proteinaceous cytomatrix at the AZ (CAZ) depends on precise homo- and hetero-oligomerizations of distinct CAZ proteins. The CAZ protein CAST1/ERC2 contains four coiled-coil (CC) domains that interact with other CAZ proteins, but also promote self-assembly, which is an essential step for its integration during AZ formation. The self-assembly and synaptic recruitment of the Drosophila protein Bruchpilot (BRP), a partial homolog of CAST1/ERC2, is modulated by the serine-arginine protein kinase (SRPK79D). Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of the vertebrate SRPK2 regulates the self-assembly of CAST1/ERC2 in HEK293T, SH-SY5Y and HT-22 cells and the CC1 and CC4 domains are involved in this process. Moreover, the isoform SRPK2 forms a complex with CAST1/ERC2 when co-expressed in HEK293T and SH-SY5Y cells. More importantly, SRPK2 is present in brain synaptic fractions and synapses, suggesting that this protein kinase might control the level of self-aggregation of CAST1/ERC2 in synapses, and thereby modulate presynaptic assembly.
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14
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Driller JH, Lützkendorf J, Depner H, Siebert M, Kuropka B, Weise C, Piao C, Petzoldt AG, Lehmann M, Stelzl U, Zahedi R, Sickmann A, Freund C, Sigrist SJ, Wahl MC. Phosphorylation of the Bruchpilot N-terminus in Drosophila unlocks axonal transport of active zone building blocks. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.225151. [PMID: 30745339 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.225151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein scaffolds at presynaptic active zone membranes control information transfer at synapses. For scaffold biogenesis and maintenance, scaffold components must be safely transported along axons. A spectrum of kinases has been suggested to control transport of scaffold components, but direct kinase-substrate relationships and operational principles steering phosphorylation-dependent active zone protein transport are presently unknown. Here, we show that extensive phosphorylation of a 150-residue unstructured region at the N-terminus of the highly elongated Bruchpilot (BRP) active zone protein is crucial for ordered active zone precursor transport in Drosophila Point mutations that block SRPK79D kinase-mediated phosphorylation of the BRP N-terminus interfered with axonal transport, leading to BRP-positive axonal aggregates that also contain additional active zone scaffold proteins. Axonal aggregates formed only in the presence of non-phosphorylatable BRP isoforms containing the SRPK79D-targeted N-terminal stretch. We assume that specific active zone proteins are pre-assembled in transport packages and are thus co-transported as functional scaffold building blocks. Our results suggest that transient post-translational modification of a discrete unstructured domain of the master scaffold component BRP blocks oligomerization of these building blocks during their long-range transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Driller
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Lützkendorf
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Harald Depner
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Siebert
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benno Kuropka
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chengji Piao
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid G Petzoldt
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany.,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Cellular Imaging, Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Roessle-Straße 10, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Stelzl
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 1/I, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - René Zahedi
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Bunsen-Kirchhoff-Straße 11, D-44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christian Freund
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan J Sigrist
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany .,NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany .,Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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15
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Hamada S, Ohtsuka T. CAST: Its molecular structure and phosphorylation-dependent regulation of presynaptic plasticity. Neurosci Res 2018; 127:25-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Kawabe H, Mitkovski M, Kaeser PS, Hirrlinger J, Opazo F, Nestvogel D, Kalla S, Fejtova A, Verrier SE, Bungers SR, Cooper BH, Varoqueaux F, Wang Y, Nehring RB, Gundelfinger ED, Rosenmund C, Rizzoli SO, Südhof TC, Rhee JS, Brose N. ELKS1 localizes the synaptic vesicle priming protein bMunc13-2 to a specific subset of active zones. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:1143-1161. [PMID: 28264913 PMCID: PMC5379939 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Presynaptic active zones (AZs) are unique subcellular structures at neuronal synapses, which contain a network of specific proteins that control synaptic vesicle (SV) tethering, priming, and fusion. Munc13s are core AZ proteins with an essential function in SV priming. In hippocampal neurons, two different Munc13s-Munc13-1 and bMunc13-2-mediate opposite forms of presynaptic short-term plasticity and thus differentially affect neuronal network characteristics. We found that most presynapses of cortical and hippocampal neurons contain only Munc13-1, whereas ∼10% contain both Munc13-1 and bMunc13-2. Whereas the presynaptic recruitment and activation of Munc13-1 depends on Rab3-interacting proteins (RIMs), we demonstrate here that bMunc13-2 is recruited to synapses by the AZ protein ELKS1, but not ELKS2, and that this recruitment determines basal SV priming and short-term plasticity. Thus, synapse-specific interactions of different Munc13 isoforms with ELKS1 or RIMs are key determinants of the molecular and functional heterogeneity of presynaptic AZs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kawabe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miso Mitkovski
- Light Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pascal S Kaeser
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305.,Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Johannes Hirrlinger
- Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, University of Leipzig, 04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felipe Opazo
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Nestvogel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kalla
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anna Fejtova
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute of Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Presynaptic Plasticity, Leibniz Institute of Neurobiology and Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sophie E Verrier
- Department of Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Simon R Bungers
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin H Cooper
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frederique Varoqueaux
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Ralf B Nehring
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Eckart D Gundelfinger
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Biology, Leibniz Institute of Neurobiology, 39118 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- Neuroscience Research Centre and NeuroCure, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvio O Rizzoli
- Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Jeong-Seop Rhee
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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17
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MOCHIDA S. Millisecond Ca 2+ dynamics activate multiple protein cascades for synaptic vesicle control. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:802-820. [PMID: 29225307 PMCID: PMC5790758 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For reliable transmission at chemical synapses, neurotransmitters must be released dynamically in response to neuronal activity in the form of action potentials. Stable synaptic transmission is dependent on the efficacy of transmitter release and the rate of resupplying synaptic vesicles to their release sites. Accurate regulation is conferred by proteins sensing Ca2+ entering through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels opened by an action potential. Presynaptic Ca2+ concentration changes are dynamic functions in space and time, with wide fluctuations associated with different rates of neuronal activity. Thus, regulation of transmitter release includes reactions involving multiple Ca2+-dependent proteins, each operating over a specific time window. Classically, studies of presynaptic proteins function favored large invertebrate presynaptic terminals. I have established a useful mammalian synapse model based on sympathetic neurons in culture. This review summarizes the use of this model synapse to study the roles of presynaptic proteins in neuronal activity for the control of transmitter release efficacy and synaptic vesicle recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko MOCHIDA
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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