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Zhao X, Lin S, Ren H, Sun S, Zheng L, Chen LF, Wang Z. The histone methyltransferase ASH1L protects against bone loss by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:605-617. [PMID: 38431690 PMCID: PMC11094046 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Absent, small, or homeotic1-like (ASH1L) is a histone lysine methyltransferase that generally functions as a transcriptional activator in controlling cell fate. So far, its physiological relevance in bone homeostasis and osteoclast differentiation remains elusive. Here, by conditional deleting Ash1l in osteoclast progenitors of mice, we found ASH1L deficiency resulted in osteoporosis and potentiation of osteoclastogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, ASH1L binds the promoter of the Src homology 3 and cysteine-rich domain 2 (Stac2) and increases the gene's transcription via histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) trimethylation modification, thus augmenting the STAC2's protection against receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL)-initiated inflammation during osteoclast formation. Collectively, we demonstrate the first piece of evidence to prove ASH1L as a critical checkpoint during osteoclastogenesis. The work sheds new light on our understanding about the biological function of ASH1L in bone homeostasis, therefore providing a valuable therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis or inflammatory bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hangjiang Ren
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghui Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Feng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, USA
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Hu J, Fu S, Zhan Z, Zhang J. Advancements in dual-target inhibitors of PI3K for tumor therapy: Clinical progress, development strategies, prospects. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116109. [PMID: 38183777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) modify lipids by the phosphorylation of inositol phospholipids at the 3'-OH position, thereby participating in signal transduction and exerting effects on various physiological processes such as cell growth, metabolism, and organism development. PI3K activation also drives cancer cell growth, survival, and metabolism, with genetic dysregulation of this pathway observed in diverse human cancers. Therefore, this target is considered a promising potential therapeutic target for various types of cancer. Currently, several selective PI3K inhibitors and one dual-target PI3K inhibitor have been approved and launched on the market. However, the majority of these inhibitors have faced revocation or voluntary withdrawal of indications due to concerns regarding their adverse effects. This article provides a comprehensive review of the structure and biological functions, and clinical status of PI3K inhibitors, with a specific emphasis on the development strategies and structure-activity relationships of dual-target PI3K inhibitors. The findings offer valuable insights and future directions for the development of highly promising dual-target drugs targeting PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Hu
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyu Fu
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Zixuan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Yao Y, Cai X, Ren F, Ye Y, Wang F, Zheng C, Qian Y, Zhang M. The Macrophage-Osteoclast Axis in Osteoimmunity and Osteo-Related Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664871. [PMID: 33868316 PMCID: PMC8044404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoimmunity is involved in regulating the balance of bone remodeling and resorption, and is essential for maintaining normal bone morphology. The interaction between immune cells and osteoclasts in the bone marrow or joint cavity is the basis of osteoimmunity, in which the macrophage-osteoclast axis plays a vital role. Monocytes or tissue-specific macrophages (macrophages resident in tissues) are an important origin of osteoclasts in inflammatory and immune environment. Although there are many reports on macrophages and osteoclasts, there is still a lack of systematic reviews on the macrophage-osteoclast axis in osteoimmunity. Elucidating the role of the macrophage-osteoclast axis in osteoimmunity is of great significance for the research or treatment of bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases. In this article, we introduced in detail the concept of osteoimmunity and the mechanism and regulators of the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts. Furthermore, we described the role of the macrophage-osteoclast axis in typical bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases. These provide a clear knowledge framework for studying macrophages and osteoclasts in inflammatory and immune environments. And targeting the macrophage-osteoclast axis may be an effective strategy to treat bone damage caused by inflammation and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fujia Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Huang Y, Li Q, Feng Z, Zheng L. STIM1 controls calcineurin/Akt/mTOR/NFATC2-mediated osteoclastogenesis induced by RANKL/M-CSF. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:736-747. [PMID: 32742319 PMCID: PMC7388407 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is the stable calcium channel influx in most cells. It consists of the cytoplasmic ion channel ORAI and endoplasmic reticulum receptor stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). Abolition of SOCE function due to ORAI1 and STIM1 gene defects may cause non-perspiration, ectoderm dysplasia and skeletal malformations with severe combined immunodeficiency (CID). Calcineurin/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/nuclear factor of activated T cells 2 (NFATC2) is an important signalling cascade for osteoclast development. Calcineurin is activated by Ca2+ via SOCE during osteoclastogenesis, which is induced by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). However, the underlying mechanism has remained to be fully elucidated, which was therefore the aim of the present study. In the current study, flow cytometry was used to examine the effect of a number of STIM1 mutations on proliferation, differentiation, and expression of osteolysis-associated proteins in Bone marrow-derived mononuclear macrophages (BMDM). The calcineurin/AKT/mTOR/NFATC2 signaling cascade activation were also assessed. BMDMs were obtained from three patients with STIM1 mutations (p.E136X, p.R429C and p.R304W). These mutations, which exhibited abolished (p.E136X, p.R429C) or constitutively activated (p.R304W) SOCE, failed to respond to RANKL/M-CSF-mediated induction of normal osteoclastogenesis. In addition, activation of the calcineurin/Akt/mTOR/NFATC2 signalling cascade induced by RANKL/M-CSF was abnormal in the BMDMs with STIM1 mutants compared with that in BMDMs from healthy subjects. In addition, overexpression of wild-type STIM1 restored SOCE in p.R429C- and p.E136X-mutant BMDMs, but not in p.R304W-mutant BMDMs. Of note, calcineurin, cyclosporin A, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and NFATC2-specific small interfering RNA restored the function of SOCE in p.R304W-mutant BMDMs. The present study suggests a role for SOCE in calcineurin/Akt/mTOR/NFATC2-mediated osteoclast proliferation, differentiation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjiao Huang
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Zunyong Feng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
| | - Lanrong Zheng
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, P.R. China
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Yang D, Wan Y. Molecular determinants for the polarization of macrophage and osteoclast. Semin Immunopathol 2019; 41:551-563. [PMID: 31506868 PMCID: PMC6815265 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-019-00754-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggest that macrophage and osteoclast are two competing differentiation outcomes from myeloid progenitors. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling the polarization of macrophage and osteoclast. These include nuclear receptors/transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), their transcription cofactor PPARγ coactivator 1-β (PGC-1β), metabolic factors such as mitochondrial complex I (CI) component NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase iron-sulfur protein 4 (Ndufs4), as well as transmembrane receptors such as very-low-density-lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR). These molecular rheostats promote osteoclast differentiation but suppress proinflammatory macrophage activation and inflammation, by acting lineage-intrinsically, systemically or cross generation. These findings provide new insights to the understanding of the interactions between innate immunity and bone remodeling, advancing the field of osteoimmunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengbao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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Yang D, Huynh H, Wan Y. Milk lipid regulation at the maternal-offspring interface. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 81:141-148. [PMID: 29051053 PMCID: PMC5916746 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Milk lipids provide a large proportion of energy, nutrients, essential fatty acids, and signaling molecules for the newborns, the synthesis of which is a tightly controlled process. Dysregulated milk lipid production and composition may be detrimental to the growth, development, health and survival of the newborns. Many genetically modified animal models have contributed to our understanding of milk lipid regulation in the lactating mammary gland. In this review, we discuss recent advances in our knowledge of the mechanisms that control milk lipid biosynthesis and secretion during lactation, and how maternal genetic and dietary defects impact milk lipid composition and consequently offspring traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengbao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - HoangDinh Huynh
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Huynh H, Wan Y. mTORC1 impedes osteoclast differentiation via calcineurin and NFATc1. Commun Biol 2018; 1:29. [PMID: 30271915 PMCID: PMC6123628 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapamycins are immunosuppressant and anti-cancer drugs that inhibit the kinase mTOR. Clinically, they often cause bone pain, bone necrosis, and high bone turnover, yet the mechanisms are unclear. Here we show that mTORC1 activity is high in osteoclast precursors but downregulated upon RANKL treatment. Loss-of-function genetic models reveal that while early Raptor deletion in hematopoietic stem cells blunts osteoclastogenesis due to compromised proliferation/survival, late Raptor deletion in osteoclast precursors instead augments osteoclastogenesis. Gain-of-function genetic models by TSC1 deletion in HSCs or osteoclast precursors cause constitutive mTORC1 activation, impairing osteoclastogenesis. Pharmacologically, rapamycin treatment at low but clinically relevant doses exacerbates osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, leading to bone loss. Mechanistically, RANKL inactivates mTORC1 via calcineurin-mediated mTORC1 dephosphorylation, consequently activating NFATc1 by reducing mTORC1-mediated NFATc1 phosphorylation. These findings uncover biphasic roles of mTORC1 in osteoclastogenesis, dosage-dependent effects of rapamycin on bone, and a previously unrecognized calcineurin-mTORC1-NFATc1 phosphorylation-regulatory signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- HoangDinh Huynh
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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