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Jonusaite S, Oulhen N, Izumi Y, Furuse M, Yamamoto T, Sakamoto N, Wessel G, Heyland A. Identification of the genes encoding candidate septate junction components expressed during early development of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, and evidence of a role for Mesh in the formation of the gut barrier. Dev Biol 2023; 495:21-34. [PMID: 36587799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Septate junctions (SJs) evolved as cell-cell junctions that regulate the paracellular barrier and integrity of epithelia in invertebrates. Multiple morphological variants of SJs exist specific to different epithelia and/or phyla but the biological significance of varied SJ morphology is unclear because the knowledge of the SJ associated proteins and their functions in non-insect invertebrates remains largely unknown. Here we report cell-specific expression of nine candidate SJ genes in the early life stages of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. By use of in situ RNA hybridization and single cell RNA-seq we found that the expression of selected genes encoding putatively SJ associated transmembrane and cytoplasmic scaffold molecules was dynamically regulated during epithelial development in the embryos and larvae with different epithelia expressing different cohorts of SJ genes. We focused a functional analysis on SpMesh, a homolog of the Drosophila smooth SJ component Mesh, which was highly enriched in the endodermal epithelium of the mid- and hindgut. Functional perturbation of SpMesh by both CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis and vivo morpholino-mediated knockdown shows that loss of SpMesh does not disrupt the formation of the gut epithelium during gastrulation. However, loss of SpMesh resulted in a severely reduced gut-paracellular barrier as quantitated by increased permeability to 3-5 kDa FITC-dextran. Together, these studies provide a first look at the molecular SJ physiology during the development of a marine organism and suggest a shared role for Mesh-homologous proteins in forming an intestinal barrier in invertebrates. Results have implications for consideration of the traits underlying species-specific sensitivity of marine larvae to climate driven ocean change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Jonusaite
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Nathalie Oulhen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
| | - Yasushi Izumi
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Mikio Furuse
- Division of Cell Structure, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Naoaki Sakamoto
- Division of Integrated Sciences for Life, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Gary Wessel
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, United States
| | - Andreas Heyland
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Tong J, Ji X, Zhang H, Xiong B, Cui D, Jiang L. The Analysis of the Ubiquitylomic Responses to Streptococcus agalactiae Infection in Bovine Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:4331-4343. [PMID: 35923910 PMCID: PMC9342659 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s368779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the primary pathogens responsible for subclinical mastitis, a significant economic burden for dairy farms. An essential component of the immune response to infection is ubiquitination, which plays important roles in the complex interactions between the pathogen and host. Materials and Methods In the present study, quantitative ubiquitylomics was performed to profile changes in the global ubiquitinome of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells (BMECs) infected with S. agalactiae. Results The most notable changes in the BMEC ubiquitinome were related to the adherens junction, ribosome, and tight junction pathways. Ubiquitination of CTNNB1, EGFR, ITGB1, CTNNA1, CTNNA2, CDH1, YES1, and SLC9A3R1 appears to be fundamental for regulating multiple cellular processes in BMECs in response to S. agalactiae infection. In addition, broad ubiquitination of various effectors and outer membrane proteins was observed. Ubiquitinated proteins in S. agalactiae-infected BMECs were associated with regulating cell junctions in the host, with potential implications for susceptibility to infection. Conclusion The preliminary findings suggest that extensive ubiquitination of CTNNB1, CDH1 and SLC9A3R1 and proteins closely related to cell junctions might play an important role in mastitis progression in dairy cows. The results provide evidence that ubiquitin modification of certain proteins in S. agalactiae-infected BMECs could be a promising therapeutic strategy for reducing mammary gland injury and mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xintong Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Defeng Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCVM, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Defeng Cui, Beijing Key Laboratory of TCVM, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 (10)-81798091, Email
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Linshu Jiang, Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 (10)-81798091, Email
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Kunčič K, Mrak P, Žnidaršič N. Formation and remodelling of septate junctions in the epidermis of isopod Porcellioscaber during development. Zookeys 2022; 1101:159-181. [PMID: 36760974 PMCID: PMC9848928 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1101.78711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Septate junctions (SJs) perform an occluding function in invertebrate epithelia and consist of parallel septa extending across the intercellular space between neighbouring cells. In addition, they are required for several morphogenetic processes in arthropods. The biogenesis of SJs during development is inadequately studied and it was characterised in detail only for various epithelia of Drosophilamelanogaster. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the ultrastructural differentiation of SJs in the epidermis of the terrestrial isopod Porcellioscaber during embryonic and postembryonic development. In this study, mid-stage embryo S13 was the earliest stage in which single septa were observed basally to the adherens junction (AJ). Differentiation of SJs during further development includes gradual elongation of septa arrays and formation of continuous arrays of septa. The enlargement of SJs in the epidermis is most pronounced at the transition from embryonic to postembryonic development and after the release of mancae from the marsupium. SJs of postmarsupial mancae are similar to those of adults, but are not yet as extensive. Comparison of the differentiation of SJs in the epidermis and hindgut of P.scaber, reveals a similar sequence of events. In addition, remodelling of SJs was observed in the epidermis of late marsupial mancae, the stage of cuticle renewal. Common features of SJs' biogenesis in P.scaber and D.melanogaster ectodermal epithelia are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kunčič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Nada Žnidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, SloveniaUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
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Gera J, Budakoti P, Suhag M, Mandal L, Mandal S. Physiological ROS controls Upd3-dependent modeling of ECM to support cardiac function in Drosophila. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj4991. [PMID: 35179958 PMCID: PMC8856619 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj4991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite their highly reactive nature, reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the physiological level serve as signaling molecules regulating diverse biological processes. While ROS usually act autonomously, they also function as local paracrine signals by diffusing out of the cells producing them. Using in vivo molecular genetic analyses in Drosophila, we provide evidence for ROS-dependent paracrine signaling that does not entail ROS release. We show that elevated levels of physiological ROS within the pericardial cells activate a signaling cascade transduced by Ask1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 to regulate the expression of the cytokine Unpaired 3 (Upd3). Upd3 released by the pericardial cells controls fat body-specific expression of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein Pericardin, essential for cardiac function and healthy life span. Therefore, our work reveals an unexpected inter-organ communication circuitry wherein high physiological levels of ROS regulate cytokine-dependent modulation of cardiac ECM with implications in normal and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayati Gera
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Prerna Budakoti
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Meghna Suhag
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Lolitika Mandal
- Developmental Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Sudip Mandal
- Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
- Corresponding author.
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Rice C, De O, Alhadyian H, Hall S, Ward RE. Expanding the Junction: New Insights into Non-Occluding Roles for Septate Junction Proteins during Development. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:11. [PMID: 33801162 PMCID: PMC8006247 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The septate junction (SJ) provides an occluding function for epithelial tissues in invertebrate organisms. This ability to seal the paracellular route between cells allows internal tissues to create unique compartments for organ function and endows the epidermis with a barrier function to restrict the passage of pathogens. Over the past twenty-five years, numerous investigators have identified more than 30 proteins that are required for the formation or maintenance of the SJs in Drosophila melanogaster, and have determined many of the steps involved in the biogenesis of the junction. Along the way, it has become clear that SJ proteins are also required for a number of developmental events that occur throughout the life of the organism. Many of these developmental events occur prior to the formation of the occluding junction, suggesting that SJ proteins possess non-occluding functions. In this review, we will describe the composition of SJs, taking note of which proteins are core components of the junction versus resident or accessory proteins, and the steps involved in the biogenesis of the junction. We will then elaborate on the functions that core SJ proteins likely play outside of their role in forming the occluding junction and describe studies that provide some cell biological perspectives that are beginning to provide mechanistic understanding of how these proteins function in developmental contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Rice
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (C.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Oindrila De
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Haifa Alhadyian
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; (C.R.); (H.A.)
| | | | - Robert E. Ward
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
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Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species in Cardiac Differentiation, Reprogramming, and Regenerative Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2102841. [PMID: 32908625 PMCID: PMC7475763 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2102841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in mechanisms of heart development and regenerative therapies such as the use of pluripotent stem cells. The roles of ROS mediating cell fate are dependent on the intensity of stimuli, cellular context, and metabolic status. ROS mainly act through several targets (such as kinases and transcription factors) and have diverse roles in different stages of cardiac differentiation, proliferation, and maturation. Therefore, further detailed investigation and characterization of redox signaling will help the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ROS during different cellular processes and enable the design of targeted strategies to foster cardiac regeneration and functional recovery. In this review, we focus on the roles of ROS in cardiac differentiation as well as transdifferentiation (direct reprogramming). The potential mechanisms are discussed in regard to ROS generation pathways and regulation of downstream targets. Further methodological optimization is required for translational research in order to robustly enhance the generation efficiency of cardiac myocytes through metabolic modulations. Additionally, we highlight the deleterious effect of the host's ROS on graft (donor) cells in a paracrine manner during stem cell-based implantation. This knowledge is important for the development of antioxidant strategies to enhance cell survival and engraftment of tissue engineering-based technologies. Thus, proper timing and level of ROS generation after a myocardial injury need to be tailored to ensure the maximal efficacy of regenerative therapies and avoid undesired damage.
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