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Day RB, Hickman JA, Xu Z, Katerndahl CD, Ferraro F, Ramakrishnan SM, Erdmann-Gilmore P, Sprung RW, Mi Y, Townsend RR, Miller CA, Ley TJ. Proteogenomic analysis reveals cytoplasmic sequestration of RUNX1 by the acute myeloid leukemia-initiating CBFB::MYH11 oncofusion protein. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e176311. [PMID: 38061017 PMCID: PMC10866659 DOI: 10.1172/jci176311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Several canonical translocations produce oncofusion genes that can initiate acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although each translocation is associated with unique features, the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. While proteins interacting with each oncofusion are known to be relevant for how they act, these interactions have not yet been systematically defined. To address this issue in an unbiased fashion, we fused a promiscuous biotin ligase (TurboID) in-frame with 3 favorable-risk AML oncofusion cDNAs (PML::RARA, RUNX1::RUNX1T1, and CBFB::MYH11) and identified their interacting proteins in primary murine hematopoietic cells. The PML::RARA- and RUNX1::RUNX1T1-TurboID fusion proteins labeled common and unique nuclear repressor complexes, implying their nuclear localization. However, CBFB::MYH11-TurboID-interacting proteins were largely cytoplasmic, probably because of an interaction of the MYH11 domain with several cytoplasmic myosin-related proteins. Using a variety of methods, we showed that the CBFB domain of CBFB::MYH11 sequesters RUNX1 in cytoplasmic aggregates; these findings were confirmed in primary human AML cells. Paradoxically, CBFB::MYH11 expression was associated with increased RUNX1/2 expression, suggesting the presence of a sensor for reduced functional RUNX1 protein, and a feedback loop that may attempt to compensate by increasing RUNX1/2 transcription. These findings may have broad implications for AML pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B. Day
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Julia A. Hickman
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Ziheng Xu
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Casey D.S. Katerndahl
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Francesca Ferraro
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | | | - Petra Erdmann-Gilmore
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert W. Sprung
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yiling Mi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - R. Reid Townsend
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher A. Miller
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Timothy J. Ley
- Section of Stem Cell Biology, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
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Polycomb Alterations in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: From Structure to Function. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061693. [PMID: 36980579 PMCID: PMC10046783 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic dysregulation is a hallmark of many haematological malignancies and is very frequent in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). A cardinal example is the altered activity of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) due to somatic mutations and deletions in genes encoding PRC2 core factors that are necessary for correct complex assembly. These genetic alterations typically lead to reduced histone methyltransferase activity that, in turn, has been strongly linked to poor prognosis and chemoresistance. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic alterations of PRC components in AML, with particular reference to structural and functional features of PRC2 factors. We further review genetic interactions between these alterations and other AML-associated mutations in both adult and paediatric leukaemias. Finally, we discuss reported prognostic links between PRC2 mutations and deletions and disease outcomes and potential implications for therapy.
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Zhang J, Gao X, Yu L. Roles of Histone Deacetylases in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Fusion Proteins. Front Oncol 2021; 11:741746. [PMID: 34540702 PMCID: PMC8440836 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.741746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate orchestration of gene expression is critical for the process of normal hematopoiesis, and dysregulation is closely associated with leukemogenesis. Epigenetic aberration is one of the major causes contributing to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where chromosomal rearrangements are frequently found. Increasing evidences have shown the pivotal roles of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in chromatin remodeling, which are involved in stemness maintenance, cell fate determination, proliferation and differentiation, via mastering the transcriptional switch of key genes. In abnormal, these functions can be bloomed to elicit carcinogenesis. Presently, HDAC family members are appealing targets for drug exploration, many of which have been deployed to the AML treatment. As the majority of AML events are associated with chromosomal translocation resulting in oncogenic fusion proteins, it is valuable to comprehensively understand the mutual interactions between HDACs and oncogenic proteins. Therefore, we reviewed the process of leukemogenesis and roles of HDAC members acting in this progress, providing an insight for the target anchoring, investigation of hyperacetylated-agents, and how the current knowledge could be applied in AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefeng Gao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Hematological Malignancies, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Abstract
The core binding factor composed of CBFβ and RUNX subunits plays a critical role in most hematopoietic lineages and is deregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The fusion oncogene CBFβ-SMMHC expressed in AML with the chromosome inversion inv(16)(p13q22) acts as a driver oncogene in hematopoietic stem cells and induces AML. This review focuses on novel insights regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in CBFβ-SMMHC-driven leukemogenesis and recent advances in therapeutic approaches to target CBFβ-SMMHC in inv(16) AML.
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Giner-Laguarda N, Vidal M. Functions of Polycomb Proteins on Active Targets. EPIGENOMES 2020; 4:17. [PMID: 34968290 PMCID: PMC8594714 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes4030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin regulators of the Polycomb group of genes are well-known by their activities as transcriptional repressors. Characteristically, their presence at genomic sites occurs with specific histone modifications and sometimes high-order chromatin structures correlated with silencing of genes involved in cell differentiation. However, evidence gathered in recent years, on flies and mammals, shows that in addition to these sites, Polycomb products bind to a large number of active regulatory regions. Occupied sites include promoters and also intergenic regions, containing enhancers and super-enhancers. Contrasting with occupancies at repressed targets, characteristic histone modifications are low or undetectable. Functions on active targets are dual, restraining gene expression at some targets while promoting activity at others. Our aim here is to summarize the evidence available and discuss the convenience of broadening the scope of research to include Polycomb functions on active targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Vidal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Li YH, Hu YQ, Wang SC, Li Y, Chen DM. LncRNA SNHG5: A new budding star in human cancers. Gene 2020; 749:144724. [PMID: 32360843 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) belongs to non-coding RNAs longer than 200 nucleic acids. More and more studies have revealed that lncRNA can participate in the occurrence and pathophysiology of diseases, especially in cancers. Although research on lncRNAs has doubled year by year, little is known about the specific regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs in diseases. The main purpose of this review is to explore the molecular mechanism and clinical significance of SNHG5 in cancers. We systematically search Pubmed to obtain relevant literature on SNHG5. In this review, the functional role, molecular mechanism, and clinical significance of SNHG5 in human cancers are described in detail. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) has been shown to be involved in the development and tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers (colorectal, bladder, gastric, endometrial, acute lymphocytic leukemia, osteosarcoma, etc.). Its disorder is closely related to metastasis, pathological staging, and prognosis. LncRNA SNHG5 might be a potential and novel diagnostic marker for cancer patients, a target for molecular targeted therapy, and a prognostic diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya-Qian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Chan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Geriatric Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Dong-Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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