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Guhathakurta D, Petrušková A, Akdaş EY, Perelló-Amorós B, Frischknecht R, Anni D, Weiss EM, Walter M, Fejtová A. Hydroxynorketamine, but not ketamine, acts via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor to control presynaptic function and gene expression. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:47. [PMID: 38253622 PMCID: PMC10803733 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02744-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketamine is clinically used fast-acting antidepressant. Its metabolite hydroxynorketamine (HNK) shows a robust antidepressant effect in animal studies. It is unclear, how these chemically distinct compounds converge on similar neuronal effects. While KET acts mostly as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, the molecular target of HNK remains enigmatic. Here, we show that KET and HNK converge on rapid inhibition of glutamate release by reducing the release competence of synaptic vesicles and induce nuclear translocation of pCREB that controls expression of neuroplasticity genes connected to KET- and HNK-mediated antidepressant action. Ro25-6981, a selective antagonist of GluN2B, mimics effect of KET indicating that GluN2B-containing NMDAR might mediate the presynaptic effect of KET. Selective antagonist of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs) or genetic deletion of Chrna7, its pore-forming subunit, fully abolishes HNK-induced synaptic and nuclear regulations, but leaves KET-dependent cellular effects unaffected. Thus, KET or HNK-induced modulation of synaptic transmission and nuclear translocation of pCREB can be mediated by selective signaling via NMDAR or α7nAChRs, respectively. Due to the rapid metabolism of KET to HNK, it is conceivable that subsequent modulation of glutamatergic and cholinergic neurotransmission affects circuits in a cell-type-specific manner and contributes to the therapeutic potency of KET. This finding promotes further exploration of new combined medications for mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarpan Guhathakurta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aneta Petrušková
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Enes Yağız Akdaş
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bartomeu Perelló-Amorós
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Renato Frischknecht
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Anni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Weiss
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Anna Fejtová
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Saraiva C, Lopes-Nunes J, Esteves M, Santos T, Vale A, Cristóvão AC, Ferreira R, Bernardino L. CtBP Neuroprotective Role in Toxin-Based Parkinson's Disease Models: From Expression Pattern to Dopaminergic Survival. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4246-4260. [PMID: 37060501 PMCID: PMC10293336 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03331-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
C-terminal binding proteins (CtBP) are transcriptional co-repressors regulating gene expression. CtBP promote neuronal survival through repression of pro-apoptotic genes, and may represent relevant targets for neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Nevertheless, evidence of the role of CtBP1 and CtBP2 in neurodegeneration are scarce. Herein, we showed that CtBP1 and CtBP2 are expressed in neurons, dopaminergic neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of adult mice. Old mice showed a lower expression of CtBP1 in the SN and higher expression of CtPB2 in the SN and striatum compared with adult mice. In vivo models for PD (paraquat, MPTP, 6-OHDA) showed increased expression of CtBP1 in the SN and striatum while CtBP2 expression was increased in the striatum of paraquat-treated rats only. Moreover, an increased expression of both CtBP was found in a dopaminergic cell line (N27) exposed to 6-OHDA. In the 6-OHDA PD model, we found a dual effect using an unspecific ligand of CtBP, the 4-methylthio 2-oxobutyric acid (MTOB): higher concentrations (e.g. 2500 µM, 1000 µM) inhibited dopaminergic survival, while at 250 μM it counteracted cell death. In vitro, this latter protective role was absent after the siRNA silencing of CtBP1 or CtBP2. Altogether, this is the first report exploring the cellular and regional expression pattern of CtBP in the nigrostriatal pathway and the neuroprotective role in PD toxin-based models. CtBP could counteract dopaminergic cell death in the 6-OHDA PD model and, therefore, CtBP function and therapeutic potential in PD should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Saraiva
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Present Address: Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue Des Hauts-Fourneaux, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jéssica Lopes-Nunes
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marta Esteves
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Santos
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Vale
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Clara Cristóvão
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ferreira
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Present Address: CEDOC, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Liliana Bernardino
- Brain Repair Group, Health Sciences Research Center (CICS-UBI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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3
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Blumrich EM, Nicholson-Fish JC, Pronot M, Davenport EC, Kurian D, Cole A, Smillie KJ, Cousin MA. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα is a glycogen synthase kinase 3-regulated interaction hub for activity-dependent bulk endocytosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112633. [PMID: 37314927 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα (PI4KIIα) generates essential phospholipids and is a cargo for endosomal adaptor proteins. Activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE) is the dominant synaptic vesicle endocytosis mode during high neuronal activity and is sustained by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity. We reveal the GSK3β substrate PI4KIIα is essential for ADBE via its depletion in primary neuronal cultures. Kinase-dead PI4KIIα rescues ADBE in these neurons but not a phosphomimetic form mutated at the GSK3β site, Ser-47. Ser-47 phosphomimetic peptides inhibit ADBE in a dominant-negative manner, confirming that Ser-47 phosphorylation is essential for ADBE. Phosphomimetic PI4KIIα interacts with a specific cohort of presynaptic molecules, two of which, AGAP2 and CAMKV, are also essential for ADBE when depleted in neurons. Thus, PI4KIIα is a GSK3β-dependent interaction hub that silos essential ADBE molecules for liberation during neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Blumrich
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Jessica C Nicholson-Fish
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Marie Pronot
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Davenport
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Dominic Kurian
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Adam Cole
- Neurosignalling and Mood Disorders Group, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Karen J Smillie
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK.
| | - Michael A Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK; Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland EH8 9XD, UK.
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Jo H, Shim K, Jeoung D. Exosomes: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications in Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051465. [PMID: 37242707 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles produced by all cells, and they are present in various body fluids. Exosomes play crucial roles in tumor initiation/progression, immune suppression, immune surveillance, metabolic reprogramming, angiogenesis, and the polarization of macrophages. In this work, we summarize the mechanisms of exosome biogenesis and secretion. Since exosomes may be increased in the cancer cells and body fluids of cancer patients, exosomes and exosomal contents can be used as cancer diagnostic and prognostic markers. Exosomes contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These exosomal contents can be transferred into recipient cells. Therefore, this work details the roles of exosomes and exosomal contents in intercellular communications. Since exosomes mediate cellular interactions, exosomes can be targeted for developing anticancer therapy. This review summarizes current studies on the effects of exosomal inhibitors on cancer initiation and progression. Since exosomal contents can be transferred, exosomes can be modified to deliver molecular cargo such as anticancer drugs, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and micro RNAs (miRNAs). Thus, we also summarize recent advances in developing exosomes as drug delivery platforms. Exosomes display low toxicity, biodegradability, and efficient tissue targeting, which make them reliable delivery vehicles. We discuss the applications and challenges of exosomes as delivery vehicles in tumors, along with the clinical values of exosomes. In this review, we aim to highlight the biogenesis, functions, and diagnostic and therapeutic implications of exosomes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Jo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghee Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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5
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Akdaş EY, Turan S, Guhathakurta D, Ekici A, Salar S, Lie DC, Winner B, Fejtova A. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated generation of hESC lines with homozygote and heterozygote p.R331W mutation in CTBP1 to model HADDTS syndrome. Stem Cell Res 2023; 67:103012. [PMID: 36610307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.103012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
C-terminal Binding Protein 1 (CTBP1) is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional co-repressor and membrane trafficking regulator. A recurrent de novo c.991C>T mutation in CTBP1 leads to expression of p.R331W CTBP1 and causes hypotonia, ataxia, developmental delay, and tooth enamel defects syndrome (HADDTS), a rare early onset neurodevelopmental disorder. We generated hESCs lines with heterozygote and homozygote c.991C>T in CTBP1 using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing and validated them for genetic integrity, off-target mutations, and pluripotency. They will be useful for investigation of HADDTS pathophysiology and for screening for potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enes Yağız Akdaş
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Soeren Turan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Debarpan Guhathakurta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Seda Salar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - D Chichung Lie
- Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Beate Winner
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Fejtova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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6
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Dobrigna M, Poëa-Guyon S, Rousseau V, Vincent A, Toutain A, Barnier JV. The molecular basis of p21-activated kinase-associated neurodevelopmental disorders: From genotype to phenotype. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1123784. [PMID: 36937657 PMCID: PMC10017488 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1123784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the identification of numerous genes involved in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) has reshaped our understanding of their etiology, there are still major obstacles in the way of developing therapeutic solutions for intellectual disability (ID) and other NDDs. These include extensive clinical and genetic heterogeneity, rarity of recurrent pathogenic variants, and comorbidity with other psychiatric traits. Moreover, a large intragenic mutational landscape is at play in some NDDs, leading to a broad range of clinical symptoms. Such diversity of symptoms is due to the different effects DNA variations have on protein functions and their impacts on downstream biological processes. The type of functional alterations, such as loss or gain of function, and interference with signaling pathways, has yet to be correlated with clinical symptoms for most genes. This review aims at discussing our current understanding of how the molecular changes of group I p21-activated kinases (PAK1, 2 and 3), which are essential actors of brain development and function; contribute to a broad clinical spectrum of NDDs. Identifying differences in PAK structure, regulation and spatio-temporal expression may help understanding the specific functions of each group I PAK. Deciphering how each variation type affects these parameters will help uncover the mechanisms underlying mutation pathogenicity. This is a prerequisite for the development of personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Dobrigna
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Sandrine Poëa-Guyon
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Véronique Rousseau
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
| | - Aline Vincent
- Department of Genetics, EA7450 BioTARGen, University Hospital of Caen, Caen, France
| | - Annick Toutain
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Tours, UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Vianney Barnier
- Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, UMR 9197, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Saclay, France
- *Correspondence: Jean-Vianney Barnier,
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7
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Alkafaas SS, Abdallah AM, Ghosh S, Loutfy SA, Elkafas SS, Abdel Fattah NF, Hessien M. Insight into the role of clathrin-mediated endocytosis inhibitors in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rev Med Virol 2023; 33:e2403. [PMID: 36345157 PMCID: PMC9877911 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants warrants sustainable efforts to upgrade both the diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. Understanding the details of cellular and molecular basis of the virus-host cell interaction is essential for developing variant-independent therapeutic options. The internalization of SARS-CoV-2, into lung epithelial cells, is mediated by endocytosis, especially clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Although vaccination is the gold standard strategy against viral infection, selective inhibition of endocytic proteins, complexes, and associated adaptor proteins may present a variant-independent therapeutic strategy. Although clathrin and/or dynamins are the most important proteins involved in CME, other endocytic mechanisms are clathrin and/or dynamin independent and rely on other proteins. Moreover, endocytosis implicates some subcellular structures, like plasma membrane, actin and lysosomes. Also, physiological conditions, such as pH and ion concentrations, represent an additional factor that mediates these events. Accordingly, endocytosis related proteins are potential targets for small molecules that inhibit endocytosis-mediated viral entry. This review summarizes the potential of using small molecules, targeting key proteins, participating in clathrin-dependent and -independent endocytosis, as variant-independent antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The review takes two approaches. The first outlines the potential role of endocytic inhibitors in preventing endocytosis-mediated viral entry and its mechanism of action, whereas in the second computational analysis was implemented to investigate the selectivity of common inhibitors against endocytic proteins in SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis. The analysis revealed that remdesivir, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, rottlerin, and Bis-T can effectively inhibit clathrin, HMG-CoA reductase, actin, and dynamin I GTPase and are more potent in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 than chloroquine. CME inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 infection remain understudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Sami Alkafaas
- Molecular Cell Biology UniteDivision of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTantaEgypt
| | - Abanoub Mosaad Abdallah
- Narcotic Research DepartmentNational Center for Social and Criminological Research (NCSCR)GizaEgypt
| | - Soumya Ghosh
- Department of GeneticsFaculty of Natural and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa
| | - Samah A. Loutfy
- Virology and Immunology UnitCancer Biology DepartmentNational Cancer Institute (NCI)Cairo UniversityCairoEgypt
- Nanotechnology Research CenterBritish UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Sara Samy Elkafas
- Production Engineering and Mechanical Design DepartmentFaculty of EngineeringMenofia UniversityMenofiaEgypt
| | - Nasra F. Abdel Fattah
- Virology and Immunology UnitCancer Biology DepartmentNational Cancer Institute (NCI)Cairo UniversityCairoEgypt
| | - Mohamed Hessien
- Molecular Cell Biology UniteDivision of BiochemistryDepartment of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceTanta UniversityTantaEgypt
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8
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Liu Y, Shuai K, Sun Y, Zhu L, Wu XM. Advances in the study of axon-associated vesicles. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1045778. [PMID: 36545123 PMCID: PMC9760877 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1045778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system is the most important and difficult to study system in the human body and is known for its complex functions, components, and mechanisms. Neurons are the basic cellular units realizing neural functions. In neurons, vesicles are one of the critical pathways for intracellular material transport, linking information exchanges inside and outside cells. The axon is a vital part of neuron since electrical and molecular signals must be conducted through axons. Here, we describe and explore the formation, trafficking, and sorting of cellular vesicles within axons, as well as related-diseases and practical implications. Furthermore, with deepening of understanding and the development of new approaches, accumulating evidence proves that besides signal transmission between synapses, the material exchange and vesicular transmission between axons and extracellular environment are involved in physiological processes, and consequently to neural pathology. Recent studies have also paid attention to axonal vesicles and their physiological roles and pathological effects on axons themselves. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on these two key nodes to explain the role of intracellular vesicles and extracellular vesicles migrated from cells on axons and neurons, providing innovative strategy for future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Liu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Shuai
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiyan Sun
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Wu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Xiao-Mei Wu,
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9
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Angiotensin II Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation and Promotes Mature Adipocyte Browning through the Corepressor CtBP1. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123131. [PMID: 36551887 PMCID: PMC9775054 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of angiotensin II (Ang II) on regulating adipogenic differentiation and function remain unknown. In this study, we focus on revealing the role of C-terminal-binding protein 1 (CtBP1) on Ang II-mediated adipogenic differentiation and mature adipocyte browning. Amounts of 3T3-L1 and CtBP1-KO 3T3-L1 were treated with Ang II for 24 h and then induced adipogenic differentiation, or cells were first induced differentiation and then treated with Ang II. The expressions of CtBP1 and adipogenic markers were checked by Western blot. Transcription of CtBP1 was assayed by Real-time RT-PCR. Lipid droplet formation and size were detected by Oil Red O. Mitochondrial content and reactive oxygenspecies (ROS) were detected by Mito-tracker and MitoSOX. Mitochondrial respiratory function was detected with the corresponding kits. Mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (∆Ψm) was assayed by JC-1. The results show that Ang II promoted CtBP1 transcription and expression via AT1 receptor during 3T3-L1 adipogenic differentiation. Ang II significantly inhibited lipid droplet formation and adipogenic markers expression in 3T3-L1 differentiation, which was blocked by CtBP1 knockout. In mature 3T3-L1, Ang II treatment increased uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) expression and the number of lipid droplets, and also reduced lipid droplet size and single cell lipid accumulation, which was reversed by CtBP1 knockout. In addition, Ang II treatment enhanced mitochondrial numbers, ATP production, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ROS generation, and reduced MMP (∆Ψm) via CtBP1 in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that CtBP1 plays a key role in the inhibitory effect of Ang II on adipogenesis. Moreover, Ang II regulates the function of mature adipocyte via CtBP1, including promoting adipocyte browning, mitochondrial respiration and ROS generation.
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10
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Ivanova D, Cousin MA. Synaptic Vesicle Recycling and the Endolysosomal System: A Reappraisal of Form and Function. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:826098. [PMID: 35280702 PMCID: PMC8916035 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.826098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system is present in all cell types. Within these cells, it performs a series of essential roles, such as trafficking and sorting of membrane cargo, intracellular signaling, control of metabolism and degradation. A specific compartment within central neurons, called the presynapse, mediates inter-neuronal communication via the fusion of neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles (SVs). The localized recycling of SVs and their organization into functional pools is widely assumed to be a discrete mechanism, that only intersects with the endolysosomal system at specific points. However, evidence is emerging that molecules essential for endolysosomal function also have key roles within the SV life cycle, suggesting that they form a continuum rather than being isolated processes. In this review, we summarize the evidence for key endolysosomal molecules in SV recycling and propose an alternative model for membrane trafficking at the presynapse. This includes the hypotheses that endolysosomal intermediates represent specific functional SV pools, that sorting of cargo to SVs is mediated via the endolysosomal system and that manipulation of this process can result in both plastic changes to neurotransmitter release and pathophysiology via neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ivanova
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Daniela Ivanova,
| | - Michael A. Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Michael A. Cousin,
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11
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Guhathakurta D, Akdaş EY, Fejtová A, Weiss EM. Development and Application of Automatized Routines for Optical Analysis of Synaptic Activity Evoked by Chemical and Electrical Stimulation. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 2:814081. [PMID: 36304276 PMCID: PMC9580924 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.814081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent development of cellular imaging techniques and the application of genetically encoded sensors of neuronal activity led to significant methodological progress in neurobiological studies. These methods often result in complex and large data sets consisting of image stacks or sets of multichannel fluorescent images. The detection of synapses, visualized by fluorescence labeling, is one major challenge in the analysis of these datasets, due to variations in synapse shape, size, and fluorescence intensity across the images. For their detection, most labs use manual or semi-manual techniques that are time-consuming and error-prone. We developed SynEdgeWs, a MATLAB-based segmentation algorithm that combines the application of an edge filter, morphological operators, and marker-controlled watershed segmentation. SynEdgeWs does not need training data and works with low user intervention. It was superior to methods based on cutoff thresholds and local maximum guided approaches in a realistic set of data. We implemented SynEdgeWs in two automatized routines that allow accurate, direct, and unbiased identification of fluorescently labeled synaptic puncta and their consecutive analysis. SynEval routine enables the analysis of three-channel images, and ImgSegRout routine processes image stacks. We tested the feasibility of ImgSegRout on a realistic live-cell imaging data set from experiments designed to monitor neurotransmitter release using synaptic phluorins. Finally, we applied SynEval to compare synaptic vesicle recycling evoked by electrical field stimulation and chemical depolarization in dissociated cortical cultures. Our data indicate that while the proportion of active synapses does not differ between stimulation modes, significantly more vesicles are mobilized upon chemical depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Fejtová
- *Correspondence: Anna Fejtová, ; Eva-Maria Weiss,
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12
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Ivanova D, Dobson KL, Gajbhiye A, Davenport EC, Hacker D, Ultanir SK, Trost M, Cousin MA. Control of synaptic vesicle release probability via VAMP4 targeting to endolysosomes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/18/eabf3873. [PMID: 33931449 PMCID: PMC8087399 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf3873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic vesicle (SV) release probability (Pr), determines the steady state and plastic control of neurotransmitter release. However, how diversity in SV composition arises and regulates the Pr of individual SVs is not understood. We found that modulation of the copy number of the noncanonical vesicular SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor), vesicle-associated membrane protein 4 (VAMP4), on SVs is key for regulating Pr. Mechanistically, this is underpinned by its reduced ability to form an efficient SNARE complex with canonical plasma membrane SNAREs. VAMP4 has unusually high synaptic turnover and is selectively sorted to endolysosomes during activity-dependent bulk endocytosis. Disruption of endolysosomal trafficking and function markedly increased the abundance of VAMP4 in the SV pool and inhibited SV fusion. Together, our results unravel a new mechanism for generating SV heterogeneity and control of Pr through coupling of SV recycling to a major clearing system that regulates protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Ivanova
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland.
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
| | - Katharine L Dobson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
| | - Akshada Gajbhiye
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Davenport
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
| | - Daniela Hacker
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
| | - Sila K Ultanir
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthias Trost
- Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Michael A Cousin
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland.
- Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, Scotland
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13
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Serra-Almeida C, Saraiva C, Esteves M, Ferreira R, Santos T, Cristóvão AC, Bernardino L. C-Terminal Binding Proteins Promote Neurogenesis and Oligodendrogenesis in the Subventricular Zone. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:584220. [PMID: 33490060 PMCID: PMC7815648 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.584220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
C-terminal binding proteins (CtBPs) are transcriptional modulators that can regulate gene expression through the recruitment of a corepressor complex composed of chromatin-modifying enzymes and transcriptional factors. In the brain, CtBPs have been described as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Nevertheless, the role of CtBPs on postnatal neural stem cells (NSCs) fate is not known yet. Herein, we evaluate the expression and functions of CtBPs in postnatal NSCs from the subventricular zone (SVZ). We found that CtBPs were expressed in immature/progenitor cells, neurons and glial cells in the SVZ niche. Using the CtBPs modulator 4-methylthio 2-oxobutyric acid (MTOB), our results showed that 1 mM of MTOB induced cell death, while 5, 25, and 50 μM increased the number of proliferating neuroblasts, mature neurons, and oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, it also increased the dendritic complexity of immature neurons. Altogether, our results highlight CtBPs putative application for brain regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Serra-Almeida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Saraiva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marta Esteves
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Raquel Ferreira
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago Santos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Clara Cristóvão
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,NeuroSoV, UBImedical, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Liliana Bernardino
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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