1
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Russell J, Chen L, Liu A, Wang J, Ghosh S, Zhong X, Shi H, Beutler B, Nair-Gill E. Lrp10 suppresses IL7R limiting CD8 T cell homeostatic expansion and anti-tumor immunity. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:3601-3626. [PMID: 38956225 PMCID: PMC11315911 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Signals emanating from the T-cell receptor (TCR), co-stimulatory receptors, and cytokine receptors each influence CD8 T-cell fate. Understanding how these signals respond to homeostatic and microenvironmental cues can reveal new ways to therapeutically direct T-cell function. Through forward genetic screening in mice, we discover that loss-of-function mutations in LDL receptor-related protein 10 (Lrp10) cause naive and central memory CD8 T cells to accumulate in peripheral lymphoid organs. Lrp10 encodes a conserved cell surface protein of unknown immunological function. T-cell activation induces Lrp10 expression, which post-translationally suppresses IL7 receptor (IL7R) levels. Accordingly, Lrp10 deletion enhances T-cell homeostatic expansion through IL7R signaling. Lrp10-deficient mice are also intrinsically resistant to syngeneic tumors. This phenotype depends on dense tumor infiltration of CD8 T cells, which display increased memory cell characteristics, reduced terminal exhaustion, and augmented responses to immune checkpoint inhibition. Here, we present Lrp10 as a new negative regulator of CD8 T-cell homeostasis and a host factor that controls tumor resistance with implications for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Russell
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Luming Chen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Aijie Liu
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Jianhui Wang
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Subarna Ghosh
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Xue Zhong
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Hexin Shi
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA
| | - Evan Nair-Gill
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatic Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390-8505, USA.
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2
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Yi Zhang, Feng R, Li H, Wu W, Ma W, Chen X, Chen J, Liang C. CXCR4 influences PUFA desaturation and oxidative stress injury in experimental prostatitis mice by activating Fads2 via PPARγ. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 223:237-249. [PMID: 39094710 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Chronic prostatitis-induced excessive inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) damage substantially affect men's quality of life. However, its treatment remains a major clinical challenge. Therefore, the identification of drugs that can decrease chronic prostatitis and oxidative stress targets is urgent and essential. CXCR4 is a classic chemokine receptor that is crucially associated with the occurrence and development of inflammation. This investigation aimed to elucidate how CXCR4 affects prostatitis regression and progression. The effect of CXCR4 on chronic prostatitis was evaluated by HE staining, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, PCR, and TUNEL analyses. Furthermore, CXCR4 influence on metabolism was also evaluated by monitoring body weight, body temperature, food intake, and LC/MS. Additionally, chromatin immunoprecipitation, Western blot, and double luciferase reporter gene assays were carried out to elucidate the mechanism by which CXCR4 modulates Fads2 transcription by PPARγ. Lastly, ROS, DHE, mito-tracker, and ATP were utilized to validate the α-linolenic acid's protective effect against OS in prostate epithelial cells. It was revealed that the inhibition of CXCR4 can effectively alleviate prostatitis in mice. Furthermore, downregulating CXCR4 expression can markedly reduce the inflammatory cell infiltration in mouse prostates, decrease the elevated levels of DNA damage markers,MDA and 4-HNE, and mitigate apoptosis of prostatic epithelial cells. Moreover, treatment of CXCR4 knockdown mice with a PPARγ inhibitor revealed different degrees of changes in the above phenotypes. Mechanistically, the PPARγ protein translocates to the nucleus and serves as a transcription factor to regulate Fads2 expression, thereby altering PUFA metabolism. Additionally, in vitro experiments indicated that α-linolenic acid can effectively alleviate OS damage and RWPE-1 cell apoptosis by protecting mitochondrial function and enhancing the antioxidant capacity of prostatic epithelial cells. In conclusion, reducing the levels of CXCR4 can alleviate inflammation and OS damage in chronic prostatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Urology, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Haolin Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Wenming Ma
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Xianguo Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Institute of Urology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Urological and Andrological Diseases Research and Medical Transformation, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, PR China.
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3
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Choi HS, Kim BS, Yoon S, Oh SO, Lee D. Leukemic Stem Cells and Hematological Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6639. [PMID: 38928344 PMCID: PMC11203822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The association between leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and leukemia development has been widely established in the context of genetic alterations, epigenetic pathways, and signaling pathway regulation. Hematopoietic stem cells are at the top of the bone marrow hierarchy and can self-renew and progressively generate blood and immune cells. The microenvironment, niche cells, and complex signaling pathways that regulate them acquire genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations due to aging, a chronic inflammatory environment, stress, and cancer, resulting in hematopoietic stem cell dysregulation and the production of abnormal blood and immune cells, leading to hematological malignancies and blood cancer. Cells that acquire these mutations grow at a faster rate than other cells and induce clone expansion. Excessive growth leads to the development of blood cancers. Standard therapy targets blast cells, which proliferate rapidly; however, LSCs that can induce disease recurrence remain after treatment, leading to recurrence and poor prognosis. To overcome these limitations, researchers have focused on the characteristics and signaling systems of LSCs and therapies that target them to block LSCs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the types of hematopoietic malignancies, the characteristics of leukemic stem cells that cause them, the mechanisms by which these cells acquire chemotherapy resistance, and the therapies targeting these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Seon Choi
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Byoung Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sik Yoon
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (S.-O.O.)
| | - Sae-Ock Oh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.); (S.-O.O.)
| | - Dongjun Lee
- Department of Convergence Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea;
- Transplantation Research Center, Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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4
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Guo T, Wang Y, Sun X, Hou S, Lan Y, Yuan S, Yang S, Zhao F, Chu Y, Ma Y, Cheng T, Yu J, Liu B, Yuan W, Wang X. Loss of RNA-binding protein CELF2 promotes acute leukemia development via FAT10-mTORC1. Oncogene 2024; 43:1476-1487. [PMID: 38514854 PMCID: PMC11068570 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are critical regulators for RNA transcription and translation. As a key member of RBPs, ELAV-like family protein 2 (CELF2) has been shown to regulate RNA splicing and embryonic hematopoietic development and was frequently seen dysregulated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the functional role(s) of CELF2 in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis has not been fully elucidated. In the current study, we showed that Celf2 deficiency in hematopoietic system led to enhanced HSCs self-renewal and differentiation toward myeloid cells in mice. Loss of Celf2 accelerated myeloid cell transformation and AML development in MLL-AF9-induced AML murine models. Gene expression profiling integrated with RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-Seq), together with biochemical experiments revealed that CELF2 deficiency stabilizes FAT10 mRNA, promotes FAT10 translation, thereby increases AKT phosphorylation and mTORC1 signaling pathway activation. Notably, combination therapy with a mTORC1 inhibitor (Rapamycin) and a MA9/DOTL1 inhibitor (EPZ-5676) reduced the leukemia burden in MLL-AF9 mice lacking Celf2 in vivo. Our study elucidated a novel mechanism by which the CELF2/FAT10-AKT/mTORC1 axis regulates the proliferation of normal blood cells and the development of AML, thus providing potential therapeutic targets for myeloid leukemia suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Biomedical Center of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Yuxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xiaolu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Shuaibing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Yanjie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Shengnan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Yajing Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Yuanwu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, National Health Commission of China (NHC), Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Peking Union Medicine College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Translational Medicine Center of Stem Cells, 307-Ivy Translational Medicine Center, Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Weiping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, 301600, China.
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Lymphoma, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300020, China.
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5
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Nyamondo K, Wheadon H. Micro-environment alterations through time leading to myeloid malignancies. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:283-294. [PMID: 35844165 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The micro-environment plays a critical role in haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) development, self-renewal, differentiation and maintenance by providing a supportive cellular framework and essential molecular cues to sustain homeostasis. In ageing and development of age-related clonal haematopoiesis, the combined contribution of intrinsic alterations in haematopoietic stem cells and their surrounding micro-environment can promote myeloid skewing and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. A pro-inflammatory micro-environment is a common feature in the initiation and sustenance of several myeloid malignancies. Furthermore, remodelling of the micro-environment is recognized to potentiate the survival of malignant over normal cells. This review explores micro-environmental interactions in the haematopoietic system of adults, especially how the bone marrow micro-environment is impacted by ageing, the onset of age-related clonal haematopoiesis and the development of myeloid malignancies. In addition, we also discuss the possible role age-related clonal haematopoiesis and chronic inflammatory conditions play in altering the bone marrow micro-environment dynamics. Finally, we explore the importance of in vitro models that accurately mimic different aspects of the bone marrow micro-environment in order to study normal and malignant haematopoiesis. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kudzai Nyamondo
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Gartnavel Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Helen Wheadon
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Gartnavel Hospital, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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6
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Miari KE, Williams MTS. Stromal bone marrow fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells support acute myeloid leukaemia cells and promote therapy resistance. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:216-237. [PMID: 36609915 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is the primary site of adult haematopoiesis, where stromal elements (e.g. fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) work in concert to support blood cell development. However, the establishment of an abnormal clone can lead to a blood malignancy, such as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Despite our increased understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, patient survival remains suboptimal, mainly driven by the development of therapy resistance. In this review, we highlight the importance of bone marrow fibroblasts and MSCs in health and acute myeloid leukaemia and their impact on patient prognosis. We discuss how stromal elements reduce the killing effects of therapies via a combination of contact-dependent (e.g. integrins) and contact-independent (i.e. secreted factors) mechanisms, accompanied by the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Importantly, we underline the challenges of therapeutically targeting the bone marrow stroma to improve acute myeloid leukaemia patient outcomes, due to the inherent heterogeneity of stromal cell populations. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Cancer Microenvironment and Pharmacological Interventions. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.2/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina E Miari
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark T S Williams
- Charles Oakley Laboratories, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
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7
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Russell J, Chen L, Liu A, Wang J, Ghosh S, Zhong X, Shi H, Beutler B, Nair-Gill E. Lrp10 suppresses IL7R limiting CD8 T cell homeostatic expansion and anti-tumor immunity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.08.570738. [PMID: 38106103 PMCID: PMC10723380 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.08.570738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Signals emanating from the T cell receptor (TCR), co-stimulatory receptors, and cytokine receptors each influence CD8 T cell fate. Understanding how these signals respond to homeostatic and microenvironmental cues can reveal new ways to therapeutically direct T cell function. Through forward genetic screening in mice, we discovered that loss-of-function mutations in LDL receptor related protein 10 ( Lrp10 ) caused naïve and central memory CD8 T cells to accumulate in peripheral lymphoid organs. Lrp10 encodes a conserved cell surface protein of unknown immunological function. Lrp10 was induced with T cell activation and its expression post-translationally suppressed IL7 receptor (IL7R) levels. Accordingly, Lrp10 deletion enhanced T cell homeostatic expansion through IL7R signaling. Lrp10 -deficient mice were also intrinsically resistant to syngeneic tumors. This phenotype depended on dense tumor infiltration of CD8 T cells that displayed increased memory cell characteristics, reduced terminal exhaustion, and augmented responses to immune checkpoint inhibition. Here, we present Lrp10 as a new negative regulator of CD8 T cell homeostasis and a host factor that controls tumor resistance with implications for immunotherapy.
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8
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Rodriguez-Zabala M, Ramakrishnan R, Reinbach K, Ghosh S, Oburoglu L, Falqués-Costa A, Bellamkonda K, Ehinger M, Peña-Martínez P, Puente-Moncada N, Lilljebjörn H, Cammenga J, Pronk CJ, Lazarevic V, Fioretos T, Hagström-Andersson AK, Woods NB, Järås M. Combined GLUT1 and OXPHOS inhibition eliminates acute myeloid leukemia cells by restraining their metabolic plasticity. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5382-5395. [PMID: 37505194 PMCID: PMC10509671 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is initiated and propagated by leukemia stem cells (LSCs), a self-renewing population of leukemia cells responsible for therapy resistance. Hence, there is an urgent need to identify new therapeutic opportunities targeting LSCs. Here, we performed an in vivo CRISPR knockout screen to identify potential therapeutic targets by interrogating cell surface dependencies of LSCs. The facilitated glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) emerged as a critical in vivo metabolic dependency for LSCs in a murine MLL::AF9-driven model of AML. GLUT1 disruption by genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition led to suppression of leukemia progression and improved survival of mice that received transplantation with LSCs. Metabolic profiling revealed that Glut1 inhibition suppressed glycolysis, decreased levels of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and increased the levels of amino acids. This metabolic reprogramming was accompanied by an increase in autophagic activity and apoptosis. Moreover, Glut1 disruption caused transcriptional, morphological, and immunophenotypic changes, consistent with differentiation of AML cells. Notably, dual inhibition of GLUT1 and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) exhibited synergistic antileukemic effects in the majority of tested primary AML patient samples through restraining of their metabolic plasticity. In particular, RUNX1-mutated primary leukemia cells displayed striking sensitivity to the combination treatment compared with normal CD34+ bone marrow and cord blood cells. Collectively, our study reveals a GLUT1 dependency of murine LSCs in the bone marrow microenvironment and demonstrates that dual inhibition of GLUT1 and OXPHOS is a promising therapeutic approach for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rodriguez-Zabala
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ramprasad Ramakrishnan
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katrin Reinbach
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Somadri Ghosh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leal Oburoglu
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Mats Ehinger
- Division of Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Jörg Cammenga
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Cornelis Jan Pronk
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Childhood Cancer Center, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vladimir Lazarevic
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thoas Fioretos
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Niels-Bjarne Woods
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marcus Järås
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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9
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Anderson NR, Sheth V, Li H, Harris MW, Qiu S, Crossman DK, Kumar H, Agarwal P, Nagasawa T, Paterson AJ, Welner RS, Bhatia R. Microenvironmental CXCL12 deletion enhances Flt3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia stem cell response to therapy by reducing p38 MAPK signaling. Leukemia 2023; 37:560-570. [PMID: 36550214 PMCID: PMC10750268 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (Flt3-TKI) have improved outcomes for patients with Flt3-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but are limited by resistance and relapse, indicating persistence of leukemia stem cells (LSC). Here utilizing a Flt3-internal tandem duplication (Flt3-ITD) and Tet2-deleted AML genetic mouse model we determined that FLT3-ITD AML LSC were enriched within the primitive ST-HSC population. FLT3-ITD LSC showed increased expression of the CXCL12 receptor CXCR4. CXCL12-abundant reticular (CAR) cells were increased in Flt3-ITD AML marrow. CXCL12 deletion from the microenvironment enhanced targeting of AML cells by Flt3-TKI plus chemotherapy treatment, including enhanced LSC targeting. Both treatment and CXCL12 deletion partially reduced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) signaling in AML cells and further reduction was seen after treatment in CXCL12 deleted mice. p38 inhibition reduced CXCL12-dependent and -independent maintenance of both murine and human Flt3-ITD AML LSC by MSC and enhanced their sensitivity to treatment. p38 inhibition in combination with chemotherapy plus TKI treatment leads to greater depletion of Flt3-ITD AML LSC compared with CXCL12 deletion. Our studies support roles for CXCL12 and p38 signaling in microenvironmental protection of AML LSC and provide a rationale for inhibiting p38 signaling to enhance Flt3-ITD AML targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Anderson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vipul Sheth
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mason W Harris
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shaowei Qiu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Harish Kumar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Puneet Agarwal
- Division of Experimental Hematology & Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology & Developmental Immunology, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrew J Paterson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Robert S Welner
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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10
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T22-PE24-H6 Nanotoxin Selectively Kills CXCR4-High Expressing AML Patient Cells In Vitro and Potently Blocks Dissemination In Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030727. [PMID: 36986589 PMCID: PMC10054149 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the development of targeted therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), most patients relapse. For that reason, it is still necessary to develop novel therapies that improve treatment effectiveness and overcome drug resistance. We developed T22-PE24-H6, a protein nanoparticle that contains the exotoxin A from the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa and is able to specifically deliver this cytotoxic domain to CXCR4+ leukemic cells. Next, we evaluated the selective delivery and antitumor activity of T22-PE24-H6 in CXCR4+ AML cell lines and BM samples from AML patients. Moreover, we assessed the in vivo antitumor effect of this nanotoxin in a disseminated mouse model generated from CXCR4+ AML cells. T22-PE24-H6 showed a potent, CXCR4-dependent antineoplastic effect in vitro in the MONO-MAC-6 AML cell line. In addition, mice treated with nanotoxins in daily doses reduced the dissemination of CXCR4+ AML cells compared to buffer-treated mice, as shown by the significant decrease in BLI signaling. Furthermore, we did not observe any sign of toxicity or changes in mouse body weight, biochemical parameters, or histopathology in normal tissues. Finally, T22-PE24-H6 exhibited a significant inhibition of cell viability in CXCR4high AML patient samples but showed no activity in CXCR4low samples. These data strongly support the use of T22-PE24-H6 therapy to benefit high-CXCR4-expressing AML patients.
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11
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Luciano M, Krenn PW, Horejs-Hoeck J. The cytokine network in acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000996. [PMID: 36248849 PMCID: PMC9554002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy of the blood and bone marrow, characterized by clonal expansion of myeloid stem and progenitor cells and rapid disease progression. Chemotherapy has been the first-line treatment for AML for more than 30 years. Application of recent high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies has revealed significant molecular heterogeneity to AML, which in turn has motivated efforts to develop new, targeted therapies. However, due to the high complexity of this disease, including multiple driver mutations and the coexistence of multiple competing tumorigenic clones, the successful incorporation of these new agents into clinical practice remains challenging. These continuing difficulties call for the identification of innovative therapeutic approaches that are effective for a larger cohort of AML patients. Recent studies suggest that chronic immune stimulation and aberrant cytokine signaling act as triggers for AML initiation and progression, facets of the disease which might be exploited as promising targets in AML treatment. However, despite the greater appreciation of cytokine profiles in AML, the exact functions of cytokines in AML pathogenesis are not fully understood. Therefore, unravelling the molecular basis of the complex cytokine networks in AML is a prerequisite to develop new therapeutic alternatives based on targeting cytokines and their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Luciano
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter W. Krenn
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jutta Horejs-Hoeck
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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12
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Properties of Leukemic Stem Cells in Regulating Drug Resistance in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemias. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081841. [PMID: 36009388 PMCID: PMC9405586 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Notoriously known for their capacity to reconstitute hematological malignancies in vivo, leukemic stem cells (LSCs) represent key drivers of therapeutic resistance and disease relapse, posing as a major medical dilemma. Despite having low abundance in the bulk leukemic population, LSCs have developed unique molecular dependencies and intricate signaling networks to enable self-renewal, quiescence, and drug resistance. To illustrate the multi-dimensional landscape of LSC-mediated leukemogenesis, in this review, we present phenotypical characteristics of LSCs, address the LSC-associated leukemic stromal microenvironment, highlight molecular aberrations that occur in the transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome of LSCs, and showcase promising novel therapeutic strategies that potentially target the molecular vulnerabilities of LSCs.
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13
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In vivo genome-wide CRISPR screening in murine acute myeloid leukemia uncovers microenvironmental dependencies. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5072-5084. [PMID: 35793392 PMCID: PMC9631646 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo CRISPR screens in AML define key interactors of the microenvironment, including integrins, immune modulators, and glycosylation. Eight in vivo–specific hits are recurrently associated with adverse prognosis: BTBD6, FERMT3, ILK, SLC19A1, TAP2, TLN1, TPST2, and TRMT12.
Genome-wide CRISPR screens have been extremely useful in identifying therapeutic targets in diverse cancers by defining genes that are essential for malignant growth. However, most CRISPR screens were performed in vitro and thus cannot identify genes that are essential for interactions with the microenvironment in vivo. Here, we report genome-wide CRISPR screens in 2 in vivo murine models of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) driven by the KMT2A/MLLT3 fusion or by the constitutive coexpression of Hoxa9 and Meis1. Secondary validation using a focused library identified 72 genes specifically essential for leukemic growth in vivo, including components of the major histocompatibility complex class I complex, Cd47, complement receptor Cr1l, and the β-4-galactosylation pathway. Importantly, several of these in vivo–specific hits have a prognostic effect or are inferred to be master regulators of protein activity in human AML cases. For instance, we identified Fermt3, a master regulator of integrin signaling, as having in vivo–specific dependency with high prognostic relevance. Overall, we show an experimental and computational pipeline for genome-wide functional screens in vivo in AML and provide a genome-wide resource of essential drivers of leukemic growth in vivo.
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14
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A targeting delivery system for effective genome editing in leukemia cells to reverse malignancy. J Control Release 2022; 343:645-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Zhang N, Shen Y, Li H, Chen Y, Zhang P, Lou S, Deng J. The m6A reader IGF2BP3 promotes acute myeloid leukemia progression by enhancing RCC2 stability. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:194-205. [PMID: 35217832 PMCID: PMC8894383 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00735-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant posttranscriptional modification of mRNA in eukaryotes. Recent evidence suggests that dysregulated m6A-associated proteins and m6A modifications play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of diseases such as cancer. Here, we identified that IGF2BP3 is specifically overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a subtype of leukemia associated with poor prognosis and high genetic risk. IGF2BP3 is required for maintaining AML cell survival in an m6A-dependent manner, and knockdown of IGF2BP3 dramatically suppresses the apoptosis, reduces the proliferation, and impairs the leukemic capacity of AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, IGF2BP3 interacts with RCC2 mRNA and stabilizes the expression of m6A-modified RNA. Thus, we provided compelling evidence demonstrating that the m6A reader IGF2BP3 contributes to tumorigenesis and poor prognosis in AML and can serve as a target for the development of cancer therapeutics. Inhibiting a protein that is overexpressed in the bone marrow of acute myeloid leukemia patients may prove valuable in treating the disease. Recent research has demonstrated the important role played by epigenetics in cancers – for example, disruption to a common mRNA modification known as m6A can result in cancer initiation and progression. Jianchuan Deng and co-workers at Chongqing Medical Universit0y, China, examined the role of an m6A-related protein called IGF2BP3 in mice models and samples from leukemia patients. IGF2BP3 was overexpressed in patients’ bone marrows, the levels of the protein correlating with extent of proliferation of leukemia cells and poor prognosis. IGF2BP3 stabilises the activity of a known cancer-related protein, promoting leukemia progression. Blocking IGF2BP3 expression reduced cell proliferation and impaired activity of leukemic cells, suggesting the protein may be a useful therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Shifeng Lou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jianchuan Deng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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16
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Pallarès V, Unzueta U, Falgàs A, Aviñó A, Núñez Y, García-León A, Sánchez-García L, Serna N, Gallardo A, Alba-Castellón L, Álamo P, Sierra J, Cedó L, Eritja R, Villaverde A, Vázquez E, Casanova I, Mangues R. A multivalent Ara-C-prodrug nanoconjugate achieves selective ablation of leukemic cells in an acute myeloid leukemia mouse model. Biomaterials 2021; 280:121258. [PMID: 34847435 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Current therapy in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is based on chemotherapeutic drugs administered at high doses, lacking targeting selectivity and displaying poor therapeutic index because of severe adverse effects. Here, we develop a novel nanoconjugate that combines a self-assembled, multivalent protein nanoparticle, targeting the CXCR4 receptor, with an Oligo-Ara-C prodrug, a pentameric form of Ara-C, to highly increase the delivered payload to target cells. This 13.4 nm T22-GFP-H6-Ara-C nanoconjugate selectively eliminates CXCR4+ AML cells, which are protected by its anchoring to the bone marrow (BM) niche, being involved in AML progression and chemotherapy resistance. This nanoconjugate shows CXCR4-dependent internalization and antineoplastic activity in CXCR4+ AML cells in vitro. Moreover, repeated T22-GFP-H6-Ara-C administration selectively eliminates CXCR4+ leukemic cells in BM, spleen and liver. The leukemic dissemination blockage induced by T22-GFP-H6-Ara-C is significantly more potent than buffer or Oligo-Ara-C-treated mice, showing no associated on-target or off-target toxicity and, therefore, reaching a highly therapeutic window. In conclusion, T22-GFP-H6-Ara-C exploits its 11 ligands-multivalency to enhance target selectivity, while the Oligo-Ara-C prodrug multimeric form increases 5-fold its payload. This feature combination offers an alternative nanomedicine with higher activity and greater tolerability than current intensive or non-intensive chemotherapy for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pallarès
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, 08916, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, 08916, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Aïda Falgàs
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, 08916, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Anna Aviñó
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain; Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Yáiza Núñez
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, 08916, Spain
| | - Annabel García-León
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, 08916, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain; Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Naroa Serna
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain; Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
| | - Lorena Alba-Castellón
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, 08916, Spain
| | - Patricia Álamo
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, 08916, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Jorge Sierra
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, 08916, Spain; Department of Hematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, 08025, Spain
| | - Lídia Cedó
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029, Spain
| | - Ramon Eritja
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain; Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC), CSIC, Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain; Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain; Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (IBB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain; Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain.
| | - Isolda Casanova
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, 08916, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
| | - Ramon Mangues
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, 08041, Spain; Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, 08916, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, 28029, Spain.
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17
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Le PT, Ha N, Tran NK, Newman AG, Esselen KM, Dalrymple JL, Schmelz EM, Bhandoola A, Xue HH, Singh PB, Thai TH. Targeting Cbx3/HP1γ Induces LEF-1 and IL-21R to Promote Tumor-Infiltrating CD8 T-Cell Persistence. Front Immunol 2021; 12:738958. [PMID: 34721405 PMCID: PMC8549513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.738958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) relieves CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in most mutated tumors, and TCF-1 is implicated in converting progenitor exhausted cells to functional effector cells. However, identifying mechanisms that can prevent functional senescence and potentiate CD8+ T-cell persistence for ICB non-responsive and resistant tumors remains elusive. We demonstrate that targeting Cbx3/HP1γ in CD8+ T cells augments transcription initiation and chromatin remodeling leading to increased transcriptional activity at Lef1 and Il21r. LEF-1 and IL-21R are necessary for Cbx3/HP1γ-deficient CD8+ effector T cells to persist and control ovarian cancer, melanoma, and neuroblastoma in preclinical models. The enhanced persistence of Cbx3/HP1γ-deficient CD8+ T cells facilitates remodeling of the tumor chemokine/receptor landscape ensuring their optimal invasion at the expense of CD4+ Tregs. Thus, CD8+ T cells heightened effector function consequent to Cbx3/HP1γ deficiency may be distinct from functional reactivation by ICB, implicating Cbx3/HP1γ as a viable cancer T-cell-based therapy target for ICB resistant, non-responsive solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T Le
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ngoc Ha
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ngan K Tran
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrew G Newman
- Institute of Cell and Neurobiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharine M Esselen
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - John L Dalrymple
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eva M Schmelz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hai-Hui Xue
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack University Medical Center, Nutley, NJ, United States
| | - Prim B Singh
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - To-Ha Thai
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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18
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Tremblay CS, Ting SB, McCluskey A, Robinson PJ, Curtis DJ. Shutting the gate: targeting endocytosis in acute leukemia. Exp Hematol 2021; 104:17-31. [PMID: 34563604 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Endocytosis entails selective packaging of cell surface cargos in cytoplasmic vesicles, thereby controlling key intrinsic cellular processes as well as the response of normal and malignant cells to their microenvironment. The purpose of this review is to outline the latest advances in the development of endocytosis-targeting therapeutic strategies in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric S Tremblay
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Stephen B Ting
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Eastern Health, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, Centre for Chemical Biology, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Curtis
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Haematology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Balla B, Tripon F, Banescu C. From Descriptive to Functional Genomics of Leukemias Focusing on Genome Engineering Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10065. [PMID: 34576226 PMCID: PMC8470190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome engineering makes the precise manipulation of DNA sequences possible in a cell. Therefore, it is essential for understanding gene function. Meganucleases were the start of genome engineering, and it continued with the discovery of Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), followed by Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). They can generate double-strand breaks at a desired target site in the genome, and therefore can be used to knock in mutations or knock out genes in the same way. Years later, genome engineering was transformed by the discovery of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). Implementation of CRISPR systems involves recognition guided by RNA and the precise cleaving of DNA molecules. This property proves its utility in epigenetics and genome engineering. CRISPR has been and is being continuously successfully used to model mutations in leukemic cell lines and control gene expression. Furthermore, it is used to identify targets and discover drugs for immune therapies. The descriptive and functional genomics of leukemias is discussed in this study, with an emphasis on genome engineering methods. The CRISPR/Cas9 system's challenges, viewpoints, limits, and solutions are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Balla
- Genetics Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (B.B.); (C.B.)
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Genetics Laboratory, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Florin Tripon
- Genetics Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (B.B.); (C.B.)
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Genetics Laboratory, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Claudia Banescu
- Genetics Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (B.B.); (C.B.)
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Genetics Laboratory, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 38, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Clinical and Emergency County Hospital of Târgu Mureș, Strada Gheorghe Marinescu 50, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania
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20
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Xu M, Fei Y, He Q, Fu J, Zhu J, Tao J, Ni C, Xu C, Zhou Q, Yao M, Ni H. Electroacupuncture Attenuates Cancer-Induced Bone Pain via NF-κB/CXCL12 Signaling in Midbrain Periaqueductal Gray. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3323-3334. [PMID: 34460214 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroacupuncture (EA) is effective in various chronic pains. NF-κB and CXCL12 modulate the formation of chronic pain. Herein, we hypothesized that EA alleviates cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) through NF-κB/CXCL12 axis in midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG), which participates in "top-down" pain modulatory circuits. In order to filter the optimum EA frequency for CIBP treatment, 2, 100, or 2/100 Hz EA was set up. In addition, ipsilateral, contralateral, and bilateral EA groups were established to affirm the optimal EA scheme. Bilateral 2/100 Hz EA was considered as the optimal therapeutic scheme and was applied in a subsequent experiment. Western blotting along with immunofluorescence illustrated that CIBP induces a rapid and substantial increase in CXCL12 protein level and NF-κB phosphorylation in vlPAG from day 6 to day 12. Anti-CXCL12 neutralizing antibody and pAAV-U6-shRNA(CXCL12)-CMV-EGFP-WPRE in vlPAG remarkably improved the mechanical pain threshold of the hind paw in CIBP model relative to the control. EA inhibited the upregulation of pNF-κB and CXCL12 in vlPAG of CIBP. The recombinant CXCL12 and pAAV-CMV-CXCL12-EF1a-EGFP-3Xflag-WPRE reversed the abirritation of EA in the CIBP rat model. NF-κB phosphorylation mediated-CXCL12 expression contributed to CIBP allodynia, whereas EA suppressed NF-κB phosphorylation in CIBP. According to the above evidence, we conclude that bilateral 2/100 Hz EA is an optimal therapeutic scheme for CIBP. The abirritation mechanism of EA might reduce the expression of CXCL12 by inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, which might lead to the restraint of descending facilitation of CIBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Yong Fei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Qiuli He
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jie Fu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jiachun Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Chengfei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Qinghe Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Ming Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Huadong Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Research Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, 1882 Zhonghuan South Road, Jiaxing 314001, China
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21
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Mihaila RG, Topircean D. The high-performance technology CRISPR/Cas9 improves knowledge and management of acute myeloid leukemia. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2021; 165:249-257. [PMID: 34446939 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on acute myeloid leukemia pathogenesis and treatment has progressed recently, but not enough to provide ideal management. Improving the prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia patients depends on advances in molecular biology for the detection of new therapeutic targets and the production of effective drugs. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology allows gene insertions and deletions and it is the first step in investigating the function of their encoded proteins. Thus, new experimental models have been developed and progress has been made in understanding protein metabolism, antitumor activity, leukemic cell maintenance, differentiation, growth, apoptosis, and self-renewal, the combined pathogenetic mechanisms involved in leukemogenesis. The CRISPR/Cas9 system is used to understand drug resistance and find solutions to overcome it. The therapeutic progress achieved using the CRISPR/Cas9 system is remarkable. FST gene removal inhibited acute myeloid leukemia cell growth. Lysine acetyltransferase gene deletion contributed to decreased proliferation rate, increased apoptosis, and favored differentiation of acute myelid leukemia cells carrying MLL-X gene fusions. The removal of CD38 gene from NK cells decreased NK fratricidal cells contributing to increased efficacy of new CD38 CAR-NK cells to target leukemic blasts. BCL2 knockout has synergistic effects with FLT3 inhibitors. Exportin 1 knockout is synergistic with midostaurin treatment in acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD mutation. Using the results of CRISPR/Cas9 libraries and technology application will allow us to get closer to achieving the goal of curing acute myeloid leukemia in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Gabriel Mihaila
- Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University of Sibiu, Romania.,Department of Hematology, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, Romania
| | - Diana Topircean
- Department of Hematology, Emergency County Clinical Hospital Sibiu, Romania
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22
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Gao X, Qin S, Wu Y, Chu C, Jiang B, Johnson RH, Kuang D, Zhang J, Wang X, Mehta A, Tew KD, Leone GW, Yu XZ, Wang H. Nuclear PFKP promotes CXCR4-dependent infiltration by T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e143119. [PMID: 34255748 DOI: 10.1172/jci143119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PFKP (phosphofructokinase, platelet), the major isoform of PFK1 expressed in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), is predominantly expressed in the cytoplasm to carry out its glycolytic function. Our study showed that PFKP is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein with functional nuclear export and nuclear localization sequences (NLSs). Cyclin D3/CDK6 facilitated PFKP nuclear translocation by dimerization and by exposing the NLS of PFKP to induce the interaction between PFKP and importin 9. Nuclear PFKP stimulated the expression of C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), a chemokine receptor regulating leukemia homing/infiltration, to promote T-ALL cell invasion, which depended on the activity of c-Myc. In vivo experiments showed that nuclear PFKP promoted leukemia homing/infiltration into the bone marrow, spleen, and liver, which could be blocked with CXCR4 antagonists. Immunohistochemical staining of tissues from a clinically well-annotated cohort of T cell lymphoma/leukemia patients showed nuclear PFKP localization in invasive cancers, but not in nonmalignant T lymph node or reactive hyperplasia. The presence of nuclear PFKP in these specimens correlated with poor survival in patients with T cell malignancy, suggesting the potential utility of nuclear PFKP as a diagnostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Gao
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Shenghui Qin
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yongxia Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chen Chu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and.,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Baishan Jiang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and
| | - Roger H Johnson
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Dong Kuang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- Institute of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Anand Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Gustavo W Leone
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Xue-Zhong Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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23
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Su L, Hu Z, Yang YG. Role of CXCR4 in the progression and therapy of acute leukaemia. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13076. [PMID: 34050566 PMCID: PMC8249790 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCR4 is expressed on leukaemia cells and haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and its ligand stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) is produced abundantly by stromal cells in the bone marrow (BM). The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays important roles in homing to and retention in the protective BM microenvironment of malignant leukaemia cells and normal HSCs. CXCR4 expression is regulated by multiple mechanisms and the level of CXCR4 expression on leukaemia cells has prognostic indications in patients with acute leukaemia. CXCR4 antagonists can mobilize leukaemia cells from BM to circulation, which render them effectively eradicated by chemotherapeutic agents, small molecular inhibitors or hypomethylating agents. Therefore, such combinational therapies have been tested in clinical trials. However, new evidence emerged that drug-resistant leukaemia cells were not affected by CXCR4 antagonists, and the migration of certain leukaemia cells to the leukaemia niche was independent of SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. In this review, we summarize the role of CXCR4 in progression and treatment of acute leukaemia, with a focus on the potential of CXCR4 as a therapeutic target for acute leukaemia. We also discuss the potential value of using CXCR4 antagonists as chemosensitizer for conditioning regimens and immunosensitizer for graft-vs-leukaemia effects of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Su
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Hematology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China.,International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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24
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Pallarès V, Núñez Y, Sánchez-García L, Falgàs A, Serna N, Unzueta U, Gallardo A, Alba-Castellón L, Álamo P, Sierra J, Villaverde A, Vázquez E, Casanova I, Mangues R. Antineoplastic effect of a diphtheria toxin-based nanoparticle targeting acute myeloid leukemia cells overexpressing CXCR4. J Control Release 2021; 335:117-129. [PMID: 34004204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has opened an opportunity to improve current clinical practice by enhancing the selectivity in the delivery of antitumor drugs to specific cancer cells. These new strategies are able to bypass toxicity on normal cells increasing the effectiveness of current anticancer treatments. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) current chemotherapy treatments generate a relevant toxic impact in normal cells and severe side effects or even patient death. In this study, we have designed a self-assembling protein nanoparticle, T22-DITOX-H6, which incorporates a ligand (T22) targeting CXCR4-overexpressing (CXCR4+) cells, and a potent cytotoxic diphtheria toxin domain. CXCR4 is overexpressed in AML leukemic cells and associates with poor prognosis, being, therefore, a relevant clinical target. We demonstrate here that T22-DITOX-H6 induces apoptosis in CXCR4+ leukemic cells through CXCR4-dependent internalization. In addition, repeated T22-DITOX-H6 treatment (10 μg/dose per 10 doses, intravenously injected) in a disseminated AML mouse model (NSG mice intravenously injected with THP-1-Luci cells, n = 10 per group) potently blocks the dissemination of AML cells in bone marrow, spleen and liver of treated mice, without inducing toxicity in healthy tissues. In conclusion, our strategy of selectively ablating CXCR4 positive leukemic cells by administering the T22-DITOX-H6 nanoparticle could be a promising treatment, especially in patients undergoing AML relapse after chemotherapy, in which leukemic cells overexpress CXCR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Pallarès
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yáiza Núñez
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Sánchez-García
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aïda Falgàs
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Naroa Serna
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ugutz Unzueta
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Gallardo
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena Alba-Castellón
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Álamo
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Sierra
- Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Hematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Villaverde
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Vázquez
- CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Departament de Genètica i de Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Isolda Casanova
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramon Mangues
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Josep Carreras Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Aslostovar L, Boyd AL, Benoit YD, Di Lu J, Garcia Rodriguez JL, Nakanishi M, Porras DP, Reid JC, Mitchell RR, Leber B, Xenocostas A, Foley R, Bhatia M. Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling allows selective therapeutic targeting of neoplastic progenitors in AML patients. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100202. [PMID: 33665638 PMCID: PMC7897800 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of dopamine receptors (DRDs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells has encouraged the repurposing of DRD antagonists such as thioridazine (TDZ) as anti-leukemic agents. Here, we access patient cells from a Phase I dose escalation trial to resolve the cellular and molecular bases of response to TDZ, and we extend these findings to an additional independent cohort of AML patient samples tested preclinically. We reveal that in DRD2+ AML patients, DRD signaling in leukemic progenitors provides leukemia-exclusive networks of sensitivity that spare healthy hematopoiesis. AML progenitor cell suppression can be increased by the isolation of the positive enantiomer from the racemic TDZ mixture (TDZ+), and this is accompanied by reduced cardiac liability. Our study indicates that the development of DRD-directed therapies provides a targeting strategy for a subset of AML patients and potentially other cancers that acquire DRD expression upon transformation from healthy tissue. Leukemic progenitors are a critical cellular target of DRD2 antagonist TDZ DRD2 protein expression is a reliable biomarker of TDZ response DRD2 antagonism selectively triggers leukemic maturation programs via cyclic AMP An enantiomer of TDZ displays a superior efficacy:risk ratio relative to racemic TDZ
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Aslostovar
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Allison L Boyd
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Ottawa University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Justin Di Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mio Nakanishi
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Deanna P Porras
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer C Reid
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan R Mitchell
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Leber
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anargyros Xenocostas
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ronan Foley
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Juravinski Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mickie Bhatia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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26
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Banjanin B, Schneider RK. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as a Cellular Target in Myeloid Malignancy: Chances and Challenges in the Genome Editing of Stromal Alterations. Front Genome Ed 2021; 2:618308. [PMID: 34713241 PMCID: PMC8525402 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.618308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of bone marrow stromal cells to the pathogenesis and therapy response of myeloid malignancies has gained significant attention over the last decade. Evidence suggests that the bone marrow stroma should not be neglected in the design of novel, targeted-therapies. In terms of gene-editing, the focus of gene therapies has mainly been on correcting mutations in hematopoietic cells. Here, we outline why alterations in the stroma should also be taken into consideration in the design of novel therapeutic strategies but also outline the challenges in specifically targeting mesenchymal stromal cells in myeloid malignancies caused by somatic and germline mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bella Banjanin
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rebekka K. Schneider
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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27
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Cancilla D, Rettig MP, DiPersio JF. Targeting CXCR4 in AML and ALL. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1672. [PMID: 33014834 PMCID: PMC7499473 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) blasts with the bone marrow microenvironment regulates self-renewal, growth signaling, as well as chemotherapy resistance. The chemokine receptor, CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4), with its ligand chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), plays a key role in the survival and migration of normal and malignant stem cells to the bone marrow. High expression of CXCR4 on AML and ALL blasts has been shown to be a predictor of poor prognosis for these diseases. Several small molecule inhibitors, short peptides, antibodies, and antibody drug conjugates have been developed for the purposes of more effective targeting and killing of malignant cells expressing CXCR4. In this review we will discuss recent results and strategies in targeting CXCR4 with these agents in patients with AML or ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John F. DiPersio
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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