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Hedgehog-mediated gut-taste neuron axis controls sweet perception in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7810. [PMID: 36535958 PMCID: PMC9763350 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary composition affects food preference in animals. High sugar intake suppresses sweet sensation from insects to humans, but the molecular basis of this suppression is largely unknown. Here, we reveal that sugar intake in Drosophila induces the gut to express and secrete Hedgehog (Hh) into the circulation. We show that the midgut secreted Hh localize to taste sensilla and suppresses sweet sensation, perception, and preference. We further find that the midgut Hh inhibits Hh signalling in the sweet taste neurons. Our electrophysiology studies demonstrate that the midgut Hh signal also suppresses bitter taste and some odour responses, affecting overall food perception and preference. We further show that the level of sugar intake during a critical window early in life, sets the adult gut Hh expression and sugar perception. Our results together reveal a bottom-up feedback mechanism involving a "gut-taste neuron axis" that regulates food sensation and preference.
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2
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Csizmadia T, Dósa A, Farkas E, Csikos BV, Kriska EA, Juhász G, Lőw P. Developmental program-independent secretory granule degradation in larval salivary gland cells of Drosophila. Traffic 2022; 23:568-586. [PMID: 36353974 PMCID: PMC10099382 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Both constitutive and regulated secretion require cell organelles that are able to store and release the secretory cargo. During development, the larval salivary gland of Drosophila initially produces high amount of glue-containing small immature secretory granules, which then fuse with each other and reach their normal 3-3.5 μm in size. Following the burst of secretion, obsolete glue granules directly fuse with late endosomes or lysosomes by a process called crinophagy, which leads to fast degradation and recycling of the secretory cargo. However, hindering of endosome-to-TGN retrograde transport in these cells causes abnormally small glue granules which are not able to fuse with each other. Here, we show that loss of function of the SNARE genes Syntaxin 16 (Syx16) and Synaptobrevin (Syb), the small GTPase Rab6 and the GARP tethering complex members Vps53 and Scattered (Vps54) all involved in retrograde transport cause intense early degradation of immature glue granules via crinophagy independently of the developmental program. Moreover, silencing of these genes also provokes secretory failure and accelerated crinophagy during larval development. Our results provide a better understanding of the relations among secretion, secretory granule maturation and degradation and paves the way for further investigation of these connections in other metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Csizmadia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Dósa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Farkas
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Belián Valentin Csikos
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Adél Kriska
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőw
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Monier M, Courtier-Orgogozo V. Drosophila Glue: A Promising Model for Bioadhesion. INSECTS 2022; 13:734. [PMID: 36005360 PMCID: PMC9409817 DOI: 10.3390/insects13080734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The glue produced by Drosophila larvae to attach themselves to a substrate for several days and resist predation until the end of metamorphosis represents an attractive model to develop new adhesives for dry environments. The adhesive properties of this interesting material have been investigated recently, and it was found that it binds as well as strongly adhesive commercial tapes to various types of substrates. This glue hardens rapidly after excretion and is made of several proteins. In D. melanogaster, eight glue proteins have been identified: four are long glycosylated mucoproteins containing repeats rich in prolines, serines and threonines, and four others are shorter proteins rich in cysteines. This protein mix is produced by the salivary glands through a complex packaging process that is starting to be elucidated. Drosophila species have adapted to stick to various substrates in diverse environmental conditions and glue genes appear to evolve rapidly in terms of gene number, number of repeats and sequence of the repeat motifs. Interestingly, besides its adhesive properties, the glue may also have antimicrobial activities. We discuss future perspectives and avenues of research for the development of new bioadhesives mimicking Drosophila fly glue.
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Bourbon HMG, Benetah MH, Guillou E, Mojica-Vazquez LH, Baanannou A, Bernat-Fabre S, Loubiere V, Bantignies F, Cavalli G, Boube M. A shared ancient enhancer element differentially regulates the bric-a-brac tandem gene duplicates in the developing Drosophila leg. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010083. [PMID: 35294439 PMCID: PMC8959175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene duplications and transcriptional enhancer emergence/modifications are thought having greatly contributed to phenotypic innovations during animal evolution. Nevertheless, little is known about how enhancers evolve after gene duplication and how regulatory information is rewired between duplicated genes. The Drosophila melanogaster bric-a-brac (bab) complex, comprising the tandem paralogous genes bab1 and bab2, provides a paradigm to address these issues. We previously characterized an intergenic enhancer (named LAE) regulating bab2 expression in the developing legs. We show here that bab2 regulators binding directly the LAE also govern bab1 expression in tarsal cells. LAE excision by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing reveals that this enhancer appears involved but not strictly required for bab1 and bab2 co-expression in leg tissues. Instead, the LAE enhancer is critical for paralog-specific bab2 expression along the proximo-distal leg axis. Chromatin features and phenotypic rescue experiments indicate that LAE functions partly redundantly with leg-specific regulatory information overlapping the bab1 transcription unit. Phylogenomics analyses indicate that (i) the bab complex originates from duplication of an ancestral singleton gene early on within the Cyclorrhapha dipteran sublineage, and (ii) LAE sequences have been evolutionarily-fixed early on within the Brachycera suborder thus predating the gene duplication event. This work provides new insights on enhancers, particularly about their emergence, maintenance and functional diversification during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri-Marc G. Bourbon
- Center for Integrative Biology, Molecular Cellular and Developmental (MCD) Biology Unit, Federal University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Mikhail H. Benetah
- Center for Integrative Biology, Molecular Cellular and Developmental (MCD) Biology Unit, Federal University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Guillou
- Center for Integrative Biology, Molecular Cellular and Developmental (MCD) Biology Unit, Federal University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Luis Humberto Mojica-Vazquez
- Center for Integrative Biology, Molecular Cellular and Developmental (MCD) Biology Unit, Federal University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Aissette Baanannou
- Center for Integrative Biology, Molecular Cellular and Developmental (MCD) Biology Unit, Federal University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandra Bernat-Fabre
- Center for Integrative Biology, Molecular Cellular and Developmental (MCD) Biology Unit, Federal University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Loubiere
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Bantignies
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier, France
| | - Giacomo Cavalli
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Montpellier, CNRS Montpellier, France
| | - Muriel Boube
- Center for Integrative Biology, Molecular Cellular and Developmental (MCD) Biology Unit, Federal University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- * E-mail:
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Xiong X, Cao Y, Li Z, Huang R, Du X, Zheng Z. Ecdysone signal pathway participates in shell formation in pearl oysters Pinctada fucata martensii. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 217:106045. [PMID: 34915168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ecdysone exists in arthropods, Mollusca and other invertebrates and plays vital roles in exoskeleton formation of Ecdysozoa. However, little is known about its functions in bivalve species. Herein, we identified ecdysone from the serum of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii and obtained the coding sequence of ecdysone receptor (PmEcR) and homologue of its heterodimer protein retinoid X receptor (PmRXR). The deduced amino acid sequences of PmEcR and PmRXR contained a DNA-binding and ligand-binding domain and were very similar to the orthologs of other species. Moreover, PmEcR and PmRXR were located in the nuclei and cytoplasm of HEK-293T cells. PmEcR and PmRXR were highly expressed in early embryos and biomineralized mantle tissue. Moreover, the serum concentration of ecdysone significantly increased at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h post-shell notching. The expression of PmEcR in the mantle tissue was significantly induced at the corresponding time points, while that of PmRXR was significantly induced at 6 h. Ecdysone stimulation remarkably induced the expression of growth factors (BMP2 and BMP7), transcription factors (PmRunt and AP-1), and shell matrix protein genes (chitinase, lysine-rich matrix protein (KRMP), TYR2, and PmCOLVI), which indicated that ecdysone signaling plays important roles in shell repair. However, yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation showed that PmEcR and PmRXR did not form dimers, suggesting the different molecular interactions of EcR in bivalves. These findings provide insights into the function of ecdysone and its regulation pathway in bivalve species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Xiong
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Yanfei Cao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Zhixin Li
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China
| | - Ronglian Huang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Pearl Breeding and Processing Engineering Technology Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Science and Innovation Center for Pearl Culture, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Mariculture Organism Breeding, Zhanjiang, 524088, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Zhanjiang, China.
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Li Z, Qian W, Song W, Zhao T, Yang Y, Wang W, Wei L, Zhao D, Li Y, Perrimon N, Xia Q, Cheng D. A salivary gland-secreted peptide regulates insect systemic growth. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110397. [PMID: 35196492 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect salivary glands have been previously shown to function in pupal attachment and food lubrication by secreting factors into the lumen via an exocrine way. Here, we find in Drosophila that a salivary gland-derived secreted factor (Sgsf) peptide regulates systemic growth via an endocrine way. Sgsf is specifically expressed in salivary glands and secreted into the hemolymph. Sgsf knockout or salivary gland-specific Sgsf knockdown decrease the size of both the body and organs, phenocopying the effects of genetic ablation of salivary glands, while salivary gland-specific Sgsf overexpression increases their size. Sgsf promotes systemic growth by modulating the secretion of the insulin-like peptide Dilp2 from the brain insulin-producing cells (IPCs) and affecting mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in the fat body. Altogether, our study demonstrates that Sgsf mediates the roles of salivary glands in Drosophila systemic growth, establishing an endocrine function of salivary glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenliang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Song
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tujing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weina Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ling Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dongchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yaoyao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Qingyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Daojun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sericultural Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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7
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Borne F, Kulathinal RJ, Courtier-Orgogozo V. Glue Genes Are Subjected to Diverse Selective Forces during Drosophila Development. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6426080. [PMID: 34788814 PMCID: PMC8643421 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular evolutionary studies usually focus on genes with clear roles in adult fitness or on developmental genes expressed at multiple time points during the life of the organism. Here, we examine the evolutionary dynamics of Drosophila glue genes, a set of eight genes tasked with a singular primary function during a specific developmental stage: the production of glue that allows animal pupa to attach to a substrate for several days during metamorphosis. Using phenotypic assays and available data from transcriptomics, PacBio genomes, and sequence variation from global populations, we explore the selective forces acting on glue genes within the cosmopolitan Drosophila melanogaster species and its five closely related species, D. simulans, D. sechellia, D. mauritiana, D. yakuba, and D. teissieri. We observe a three-fold difference in glue adhesion between the least and the most adhesive D. melanogaster strain, indicating a strong genetic component to phenotypic variation. These eight glue genes are among the most highly expressed genes in salivary glands yet they display no notable codon bias. New copies of Sgs3 and Sgs7 are found in D. yakuba and D. teissieri with the Sgs3 coding sequence evolving rapidly after duplication in the D. yakuba branch. Multiple sites along the various glue genes appear to be constrained. Our population genetics analysis in D. melanogaster suggests signals of local adaptive evolution for Sgs3, Sgs5, and Sgs5bis and traces of selective sweeps for Sgs1, Sgs3, Sgs7, and Sgs8. Our work shows that stage-specific genes can be subjected to various dynamic evolutionary forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Borne
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris, France
| | - Rob J Kulathinal
- CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Université de Paris, France.,Department of Biology, Temple University, USA
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Khalili D, Kalcher C, Baumgartner S, Theopold U. Anti-Fibrotic Activity of an Antimicrobial Peptide in a Drosophila Model. J Innate Immun 2021; 13:376-390. [PMID: 34000729 PMCID: PMC8613551 DOI: 10.1159/000516104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic lesions accompany several pathological conditions, including tumors. We show that expression of a dominant-active form of the Ras oncogene in Drosophila salivary glands (SGs) leads to redistribution of components of the basement membrane (BM) and fibrotic lesions. Similar to several types of mammalian fibrosis, the disturbed BM attracts clot components, including insect transglutaminase and phenoloxidase. SG epithelial cells show reduced apicobasal polarity accompanied by a loss of secretory activity. Both the fibrotic lesions and the reduced cell polarity are alleviated by ectopic expression of the antimicrobial peptide drosomycin (Drs), which also restores the secretory activity of the SGs. In addition to extracellular matrix components, both Drs and F-actin localize to fibrotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilan Khalili
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Kalcher
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Baumgartner
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrich Theopold
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute (MBW), Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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