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Cao B, Xu Q, Shi Y, Zhao R, Li H, Zheng J, Liu F, Wan Y, Wei B. Pathology of pain and its implications for therapeutic interventions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:155. [PMID: 38851750 PMCID: PMC11162504 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01845-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is estimated to affect more than 20% of the global population, imposing incalculable health and economic burdens. Effective pain management is crucial for individuals suffering from pain. However, the current methods for pain assessment and treatment fall short of clinical needs. Benefiting from advances in neuroscience and biotechnology, the neuronal circuits and molecular mechanisms critically involved in pain modulation have been elucidated. These research achievements have incited progress in identifying new diagnostic and therapeutic targets. In this review, we first introduce fundamental knowledge about pain, setting the stage for the subsequent contents. The review next delves into the molecular mechanisms underlying pain disorders, including gene mutation, epigenetic modification, posttranslational modification, inflammasome, signaling pathways and microbiota. To better present a comprehensive view of pain research, two prominent issues, sexual dimorphism and pain comorbidities, are discussed in detail based on current findings. The status quo of pain evaluation and manipulation is summarized. A series of improved and innovative pain management strategies, such as gene therapy, monoclonal antibody, brain-computer interface and microbial intervention, are making strides towards clinical application. We highlight existing limitations and future directions for enhancing the quality of preclinical and clinical research. Efforts to decipher the complexities of pain pathology will be instrumental in translating scientific discoveries into clinical practice, thereby improving pain management from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Cao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Qixuan Xu
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yajiao Shi
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Hanghang Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Fengyu Liu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - You Wan
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Jiang C, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Zhu X. Role of EPAC1 in chronic pain. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101645. [PMID: 38304575 PMCID: PMC10832381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain usually lasts over three months and commonly occurs in chronic diseases (cancer, arthritis, and diabetes), injuries (herniated discs, torn ligaments), and many major pain disorders (neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, chronic headaches). Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of effective treatments to help people with chronic pain to achieve complete relief. Therefore,it is particularly important to understand the mechanism of chronic pain and find new therapeutic targets. The exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP) (EPAC) has been recognized for its functions in nerve regeneration, stimulating insulin release, controlling vascular pressure, and controlling other metabolic activities. In recent years, many studies have found that the subtype of EPAC, EPAC1 is involved in the regulation of neuroinflammation and plays a crucial role in the regulation of pain, which is expected to become a new therapeutic target for chronic pain. This article reviews the major contributions of EPAC1 in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
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Zhang Q, Weng W, Gu X, Xiang J, Yang Y, Zhu MX, Gu W, He Z, Li Y. hnRNPA1 SUMOylation promotes cold hypersensitivity in chronic inflammatory pain by stabilizing TRPA1 mRNA. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113401. [PMID: 37943660 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
TRPA1 is pivotal in cold hypersensitivity, but its regulatory mechanisms in inflammatory cold hyperalgesia remain poorly understood. We show here that the upregulation of SUMO1-conjugated protein levels in a complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammatory pain model enhances TRPA1 mRNA stability, ultimately leading to increased expression levels. We further demonstrate that hnRNPA1 binds to TRPA1 mRNA, and its SUMOylation, upregulated in CFA-induced inflammatory pain, contributes to stabilizing TRPA1 mRNA by accumulating hnRNPA1 in the cytoplasm. Moreover, we find that wild-type hnRNPA1 viral infection in dorsal root ganglia neurons, and not infection with the SUMOylation-deficient hnRNPA1 mutant, can rescue the reduced ability of hnRNPA1-knockdown mice to develop inflammatory cold pain hypersensitivity. These results suggest that hnRNPA1 is a regulator of TRPA1 mRNA stability, the capability of which is enhanced upon SUMO1 conjugation at lysine 3 in response to peripheral inflammation, and the increased expression of TRPA1 in turn underlies the development of chronic inflammatory cold pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiji Weng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaokun Gu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jinhua Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Weidong Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Zhenzhou He
- Department of Anesthesiology, Minhang Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Gao Y, Ma R, Weng W, Zhang H, Wang Y, Guo R, Gu X, Yang Y, Yang F, Zhou A, Cheng J, Chen ZY, Zhu MX, Li Y. TRPV1 SUMOylation suppresses itch by inhibiting TRPV1 interaction with H1 receptors. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110972. [PMID: 35705043 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying the functional interaction between H1R and TRPV1 remains unclear. We show here that H1R directly binds to the carboxy-terminal region of TRPV1 at residues 715-725 and 736-749. Cell-penetrating peptides containing these sequences suppress histamine-induced scratching behavior in a cheek injection model. The H1R-TRPV1 binding is kept at a minimum at rest in mouse trigeminal neurons due to TRPV1 SUMOylation and it is enhanced upon histamine treatment through a transient TRPV1 deSUMOylation. The knockin of the SUMOylation-deficient TRPV1K823R mutant in mice leads to constitutive enhancement of H1R-TRPV1 binding, which exacerbates scratching behaviors induced by histamine. Conversely, SENP1 conditional knockout in sensory neurons enhances TRPV1 SUMOylation and suppresses the histamine-induced scratching response. In addition to interfering with binding, TRPV1 SUMOylation promotes H1R degradation through ubiquitination. Our work unveils the molecular mechanism of histaminergic itch by which H1R directly binds to deSUMOylated TRPV1 to facilitate the transduction of the pruritogen signal to the scratching response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Gao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruining Ma
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Weiji Weng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yingping Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Rongjun Guo
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xiaokun Gu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Biophysics and Kidney Disease Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aiwu Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jinke Cheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Yong Li
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, and Faculty of Basic Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Pronot M, Kieffer F, Gay AS, Debayle D, Forquet R, Poupon G, Schorova L, Martin S, Gwizdek C. Proteomic Identification of an Endogenous Synaptic SUMOylome in the Developing Rat Brain. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:780535. [PMID: 34887727 PMCID: PMC8650717 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.780535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are highly specialized structures that interconnect neurons to form functional networks dedicated to neuronal communication. During brain development, synapses undergo activity-dependent rearrangements leading to both structural and functional changes. Many molecular processes are involved in this regulation, including post-translational modifications by the Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier SUMO. To get a wider view of the panel of endogenous synaptic SUMO-modified proteins in the mammalian brain, we combined subcellular fractionation of rat brains at the post-natal day 14 with denaturing immunoprecipitation using SUMO2/3 antibodies and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Our screening identified 803 candidate SUMO2/3 targets, which represents about 18% of the synaptic proteome. Our dataset includes neurotransmitter receptors, transporters, adhesion molecules, scaffolding proteins as well as vesicular trafficking and cytoskeleton-associated proteins, defining SUMO2/3 as a central regulator of the synaptic organization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pronot
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Félicie Kieffer
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Gay
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Delphine Debayle
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Raphaël Forquet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Gwénola Poupon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Lenka Schorova
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Stéphane Martin
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Carole Gwizdek
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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Electroacupuncture Regulates TRPV1 through PAR2/PKC Pathway to Alleviate Visceral Hypersensitivity in FD Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:1975228. [PMID: 34880917 PMCID: PMC8648456 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1975228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is the predominant pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia (FD). Duodenal hypersensitivity along with nausea further reduces the comfort level in gastric balloon dilatation and inhibits gastric receptive relaxation. The potential mechanism behind electroacupuncture- (EA-) mediated alleviation of VH has not been elucidated. In an FD rat model with tail clamping stress, iodine acetamide (IA) induced VH. The rats were treated with EA with or without PAR2 antagonist FSLLRY-NH2, and the body weight, gastric sensitivity, compliance, and gastrointestinal motility were determined. Mast cells and activated degranulation were stained with toluidine blue (TB) staining and visualized under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of PAR2, PKC, and TRPV1 in the duodenum and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and that of CGRP, SP in DRG, and c-fos in the spinal cord. EA alone and EA + antagonist enhanced the gastrointestinal motility but diminished the expression of TRPV1, CGRP, SP, and c-fos-downstream of PAR2/PKC pathway and alleviated VH in FD rats. However, there was no obvious superposition effect between the antagonists and EA + antagonists. The effect of EA alone was better than that of antagonists and EA + antagonists 2 alone. EA-induced amelioration of VH in FD rats was mediated by TRPV1 regulation through PAR2/PKC pathway. This protective mechanism involved several pathways and included several targets.
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Gao S, Zhao X, Hou L, Ma R, Zhou J, Zhu MX, Pan SJ, Li Y. The interplay between SUMOylation and phosphorylation of PKCδ facilitates oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. FEBS J 2021; 288:6447-6464. [PMID: 34089566 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Although the increase in the number of identified posttranslational modifications (PTMs) has substantially improved our knowledge about substrate site specificity of single PTMs, the fact that different types of PTMs can crosstalk and act in concert to exert important regulatory mechanisms for protein function has not gained much attention. Here, we show that protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is SUMOylated at lysine 473 in its C-terminal catalytic domain, and the SUMOylation increases PKCδ stability by repressing its ubiquitination. In addition, we uncover a functional interplay between the phosphorylation and SUMOylation of PKCδ, which can strengthen each other through recruiting SUMO E2/E3 ligases and the PKCδ kinase, respectively, to the PKCδ complexes. We identified PIAS2β as the SUMO E3 ligase of PKCδ. More importantly, by enhancing PKCδ protein stability and its phosphorylation through an interdependent interplay of the PTMs, the SUMOylation of PKCδ promotes apoptotic cell death induced by H2 O2 . We conclude that SUMOylation represents an important regulatory mechanism of PKCδ PTMs for the kinase's function in oxidative cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siman Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiangteng Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Ruining Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Michael X Zhu
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Si-Jian Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China
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