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Xu T, Zhang T, Xu C, Yang F, Zhang W, Huang C. Notch2 signaling governs activated B cells to form memory B cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114454. [PMID: 38990721 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) are essential for humoral immunological memory and can emerge during both the pre-germinal center (GC) and GC phases. However, the transcription regulators governing MBC development remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the transcription regulator Notch2 is highly expressed in MBCs and their precursors at the pre-GC stage and required for MBC development without influencing the fate of GC and plasma cells. Mechanistically, Notch2 signaling promotes the expression of complement receptor CD21 and augments B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Reciprocally, BCR activation up-regulates Notch2 surface expression in activated B cells via a translation-dependent mechanism. Intriguingly, Notch2 is dispensable for GC-derived MBC formation. In summary, our findings establish Notch2 as a pivotal transcription regulator orchestrating MBC development through the reciprocal enforcement of BCR signaling during the pre-GC phase and suggest that the generation of GC-independent and -dependent MBCs is governed by distinct transcriptional mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuqiao Xu
- Departments of Dermatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Shao W, Wang Y, Fang Q, Shi W, Qi H. Epigenetic recording of stimulation history reveals BLIMP1-BACH2 balance in determining memory B cell fate upon recall challenge. Nat Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41590-024-01900-2. [PMID: 38969872 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01900-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) differentiate into plasma cells (PCs) or germinal centers (GCs) upon antigen recall. How this decision is programmed is not understood. We found that the relative strength between two antagonistic transcription factors, B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1) and BTB domain and CNC homolog 2 (BACH2), progressively increases in favor of BLIMP1 in antigen-responding B cells through the course of primary responses. MBC subsets that preferentially produce secondary GCs expressed comparatively higher BACH2 but lower BLIMP1 than those predisposed for PC development. Skewing the BLIMP1-BACH2 balance in otherwise fate-predisposed MBC subsets could switch their fate preferences. Underlying the changing BLIMP1-over-BACH2 balance, we observed progressively increased accessibilities at chromatin loci that are specifically opened in PCs, particularly those that contain interferon-sensitive response elements (ISREs) and are controlled by interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4). IRF4 is upregulated by B cell receptor, CD40 or innate receptor signaling and it induces graded levels of PC-specifying epigenetic imprints according to the strength of stimulation. By analyzing history-stamped GC B cells, we found progressively increased chromatin accessibilities at PC-specific, IRF4-controlled gene loci over time. Therefore, the cumulative stimulation history of B cells is epigenetically recorded in an IRF4-dependent manner, determines the relative strength between BLIMP1 and BACH2 in individual MBCs and dictates their probabilities to develop into GCs or PCs upon restimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shao
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Beijing, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Beijing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Fang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Beijing, China
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Shi
- SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hai Qi
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Laboratory of Dynamic Immunobiology, Institute for Immunology, Beijing, China.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Beijing, China.
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
- SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Frueh JT, Campe J, Sunaga-Franze DY, Verheyden NA, Ghimire S, Meedt E, Haslinger D, Harenkamp S, Staudenraus D, Sauer S, Kreft A, Schubert R, Lohoff M, Krueger A, Bonig H, Chiocchetti AG, Zeiser R, Holler E, Ullrich E. Interferon regulatory factor 4 plays a pivotal role in the development of aGVHD-associated colitis. Oncoimmunology 2023; 13:2296712. [PMID: 38170159 PMCID: PMC10761041 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2296712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a master transcription factor that regulates T helper cell (Th) differentiation. It interacts with the Basic leucine zipper transcription factor, ATF-like (BATF), depletion of which in CD4+ T cells abrogates acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD)-induced colitis. Here, we investigated the immune-regulatory role of Irf4 in a mouse model of MHC-mismatched bone marrow transplantation. We found that recipients of allogenic Irf4-/- CD4+ T cells developed less GVHD-related symptoms. Transcriptome analysis of re-isolated donor Irf4-/- CD4+ T helper (Th) cells, revealed gene expression profiles consistent with loss of effector T helper cell signatures and enrichment of a regulatory T cell (Treg) gene expression signature. In line with these findings, we observed a high expression of the transcription factor BTB and CNC homolog 2; (BACH2) in Irf4-/- T cells, which is associated with the formation of Treg cells and suppression of Th subset differentiation. We also found an association between BACH2 expression and Treg differentiation in patients with intestinal GVHD. Finally, our results indicate that IRF4 and BACH2 act as counterparts in Th cell polarization and immune homeostasis during GVHD. In conclusion, targeting the BACH2/IRF4-axis could help to develop novel therapeutic approaches against GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen T. Frueh
- Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Julia Campe
- Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniele Yumi Sunaga-Franze
- Genomics Platform, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikita A. Verheyden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Molecular Immunology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sakhila Ghimire
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Meedt
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Haslinger
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Harenkamp
- German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Sascha Sauer
- Genomics Platform, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Kreft
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ralf Schubert
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pneumology, Allergology, Infectious diseaes und Gastroenterology. Frankfurt am Main, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael Lohoff
- Institute for Microbiology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Krueger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Molecular Immunology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Halvard Bonig
- German Red Cross Blood Service BaWüHe, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas G. Chiocchetti
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Medical Clinic 3, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Ullrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Experimental Immunology and Cell Therapy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, a partnership between DKFZ, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- University Cancer Center (UCT), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Tabatabai A, Arora A, Höfmann S, Jauch M, von Tresckow B, Hansen J, Flümann R, Jachimowicz RD, Klein S, Reinhardt HC, Knittel G. Mouse models of diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1313371. [PMID: 38124747 PMCID: PMC10731046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1313371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a genetically highly heterogeneous disease. Yet, to date, the vast majority of patients receive standardized frontline chemo-immune-therapy consisting of an anthracycline backbone. Using these regimens, approximately 65% of patients can be cured, whereas the remaining 35% of patients will face relapsed or refractory disease, which, even in the era of CAR-T cells, is difficult to treat. To systematically tackle this high medical need, it is important to design, generate and deploy suitable in vivo model systems that capture disease biology, heterogeneity and drug response. Recently published, large comprehensive genomic characterization studies, which defined molecular sub-groups of DLBCL, provide an ideal framework for the generation of autochthonous mouse models, as well as an ideal benchmark for cell line-derived or patient-derived mouse models of DLBCL. Here we discuss the current state of the art in the field of mouse modelling of human DLBCL, with a particular focus on disease biology and genetically defined molecular vulnerabilities, as well as potential targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areya Tabatabai
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Aastha Arora
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Svenja Höfmann
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Jauch
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bastian von Tresckow
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Julia Hansen
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruth Flümann
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ron D. Jachimowicz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Response in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Düsseldorf (MSSO ABCD), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sebastian Klein
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gero Knittel
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, German Cancer Consortium Partner Site Essen, Center for Molecular Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Reusch L, Angeletti D. Memory B-cell diversity: From early generation to tissue residency and reactivation. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250085. [PMID: 36811174 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) have a crucial function in providing an enhanced response to repeated infections. Upon antigen encounter, MBC can either rapidly differentiate to antibody secreting cells or enter germinal centers (GC) to further diversify and affinity mature. Understanding how and when MBC are formed, where they reside and how they select their fate upon reactivation has profound implications for designing strategies to improve targeted, next-generation vaccines. Recent studies have crystallized much of our knowledge on MBC but also reported several surprising discoveries and gaps in our current understanding. Here, we review the latest advancements in the field and highlight current unknowns. In particular, we focus on timing and cues leading to MBC generation before and during the GC reaction, discuss how MBC become resident in mucosal tissues, and finally, provide an overview of factors shaping MBC fate-decision upon reactivation in mucosal and lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Reusch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Davide Angeletti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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