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Matsui H, Takahashi R. Current trends in basic research on Parkinson's disease: from mitochondria, lysosome to α-synuclein. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:663-674. [PMID: 38613675 PMCID: PMC11192670 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-024-02774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and other brain regions. A key pathological feature of PD is the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein protein within affected neurons, manifesting as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Despite extensive research efforts spanning several decades, the underlying mechanisms of PD and disease-modifying therapies remain elusive. This review provides an overview of current trends in basic research on PD. Initially, it discusses the involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of PD, followed by insights into the role of lysosomal dysfunction and disruptions in the vesicular transport system. Additionally, it delves into the pathological and physiological roles of α-synuclein, a crucial protein associated with PD pathophysiology. Overall, the purpose of this review is to comprehend the current state of elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying PD and to outline future directions in understanding this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757, Asahimachidori, Chuoku, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54, Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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McKay M, Gorai S, Paidi RK, Mondal S, Pahan K. Identification of Cinnamein, a Component of Balsam of Tolu/Peru, as a New Ligand of PPARα for Plaque Reduction and Memory Protection in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2024; 8:903-922. [PMID: 38910936 PMCID: PMC11191634 DOI: 10.3233/adr-230179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite intense investigations, no effective treatment is yet available to reduce plaques and protect memory and learning in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Therefore, it is important to identify a non-toxic, but effective, treatment option for AD. Objective Cinnamein, a nontoxic compound, is naturally available in Balsam of Peru and Tolu Balsam. We examined whether cinnamein treatment could decrease plaques and improve cognitive functions in 5XFAD mouse model of AD. Methods We employed in silico analysis, time-resolved fluorescence energy transfer assay, thermal shift assay, primary neuron isolation, western blot, immunostaining, immunohistochemistry, Barnes maze, T maze, and open field behavior. Results Oral administration of cinnamein led to significant reduction in amyloid-β plaque deposits in the brain and protection of spatial learning and memory in 5XFAD mice. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), a nuclear hormone receptor, is involved in plaque lowering and increase in hippocampal plasticity. While investigating underlying mechanisms, we found that cinnamein served as a ligand of PPARα. Accordingly, oral cinnamein upregulated the level of PPARα, but not PPARβ, in the hippocampus, and remained unable to decrease plaques from the hippocampus and improve memory and learning in 5XFAD mice lacking PPARα. While A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is one of the drivers of nonamyloidogenic pathway, transcription factor EB (TFEB) is considered as the master regulator of autophagy. Cinnamein treatment was found to upregulate both ADAM10 and TFEB in the brain of 5XFAD mice via PPARα. Conclusions Our results suggest that this balsam component may have therapeutic importance in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary McKay
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Ramesh K. Paidi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Susanta Mondal
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
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Raha S, Paidi RK, Dutta D, Pahan K. Cinnamic acid, a natural plant compound, exhibits neuroprotection in a mouse model of Sandhoff disease via PPARα. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2024; 3:17-32. [PMID: 38532783 PMCID: PMC10961485 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2023-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) and its severe form Sandhoff disease (SD) are autosomal recessive lysosomal storage metabolic disorders, which often result into excessive GM2 ganglioside accumulation predominantly in lysosomes of nerve cells. Although patients with these diseases appear normal at birth, the progressive accumulation of undegraded GM2 gangliosides in neurons leads to early death accompanied by manifestation of motor difficulties and gradual loss of behavioral skills. Unfortunately, there is still no effective treatment available for TSD/SD. The present study highlights the importance of cinnamic acid (CA), a naturally occurring aromatic fatty acid present in a number of plants, in inhibiting the disease process in a transgenic mouse model of SD. Oral administration of CA significantly attenuated glial activation and inflammation and reduced the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides/glycoconjugates in the cerebral cortex of Sandhoff mice. Besides, oral CA also improved behavioral performance and increased the survival of Sandhoff mice. While assessing the mechanism, we found that oral administration of CA increased the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the brain of Sandhoff mice and that oral CA remained unable to reduce glycoconjugates, improve behavior and increase survival in Sandhoff mice lacking PPARα. Our results indicate a beneficial function of CA that utilizes a PPARα-dependent mechanism to halt the progression of SD and thereby increase the longevity of Sandhoff mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Raha
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ramesh K Paidi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Jana M, Prieto S, Gorai S, Dasarathy S, Kundu M, Pahan K. Muscle-building supplement β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate stimulates the maturation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells to oligodendrocytes. J Neurochem 2024. [PMID: 38419348 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells in the CNS and multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disorder that is characterized by progressive loss of myelin. Although oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPCs) should be differentiated into oligodendrocytes, for multiple reasons, OPCs fail to differentiate into oligodendrocytes in MS. Therefore, increasing the maturation of OPCs to oligodendrocytes may be of therapeutic benefit for MS. The β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a muscle-building supplement in humans and this study underlines the importance of HMB in stimulating the maturation of OPCs to oligodendrocytes. HMB treatment upregulated the expression of different maturation markers including PLP, MBP, and MOG in cultured OPCs. Double-label immunofluorescence followed by immunoblot analyses confirmed the upregulation of OPC maturation by HMB. While investigating mechanisms, we found that HMB increased the maturation of OPCs isolated from peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β-/- (PPARβ-/- ) mice, but not PPARα-/- mice. Similarly, GW6471 (an antagonist of PPARα), but not GSK0660 (an antagonist of PPARβ), inhibited HMB-induced maturation of OPCs. GW9662, a specific inhibitor of PPARγ, also could not inhibit HMB-mediated stimulation of OPC maturation. Furthermore, PPARα agonist GW7647, but neither PPARβ agonist GW0742 nor PPARγ agonist GW1929, alone increased the maturation of OPCs. Finally, HMB treatment of OPCs led to the recruitment of PPARα, but neither PPARβ nor PPARγ, to the PLP gene promoter. These results suggest that HMB stimulates the maturation of OPCs via PPARα and that HMB may have therapeutic prospects in remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malabendu Jana
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shelby Prieto
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sridevi Dasarathy
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Madhuchhanda Kundu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Liu X, Zhou M, Tan J, Ma L, Tang H, He G, Tao X, Guo L, Kang X, Tang K, Bian X. Inhibition of CX3CL1 by treadmill training prevents osteoclast-induced fibrocartilage complex resorption during TBI healing. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1295163. [PMID: 38283363 PMCID: PMC10811130 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The healing of tendon-bone injuries is very difficult, often resulting in poor biomechanical performance and unsatisfactory functional recovery. The tendon-bone insertion has a complex four distinct layers structure, and previous studies have often focused on promoting the regeneration of the fibrocartilage layer, neglecting the role of its bone end repair in tendon-bone healing. This study focuses on the role of treadmill training in promoting bone regeneration at the tendon-bone insertion and its related mechanisms. Methods After establishing the tendon-bone insertion injury model, the effect of treadmill training on tendon-bone healing was verified by Micro CT and HE staining; then the effect of CX3CL1 on osteoclast differentiation was verified by TRAP staining and cell culture; and finally the functional recovery of the mice was verified by biomechanical testing and behavioral test. Results Treadmill training suppresses the secretion of CX3CL1 and inhibits the differentiation of local osteoclasts after tendon-bone injury, ultimately reducing osteolysis and promoting tendon bone healing. Discussion Our research has found the interaction between treadmill training and the CX3CL1-C3CR1 axis, providing a certain theoretical basis for rehabilitation training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jindong Tan
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang He
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Tao
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Kang
- Pancreatic Injury and Repair Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kanglai Tang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuting Bian
- Department of Sports Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Raha S, Dutta D, Paidi RK, Pahan K. Lipid-Lowering Drug Gemfibrozil Protects Mice from Tay-Sachs Disease via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α. Cells 2023; 12:2791. [PMID: 38132111 PMCID: PMC10741479 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a progressive heritable neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the deficiency of the lysosomal β-hexosaminidase enzyme (Hex-/-) and the storage of GM2 ganglioside, as well as other related glycoconjugates. Along with motor difficulties, TSD patients also manifest a gradual loss of skills and behavioral problems, followed by early death. Unfortunately, there is no cure for TSD; however, research on treatments and therapeutic approaches is ongoing. This study underlines the importance of gemfibrozil (GFB), an FDA-approved lipid-lowering drug, in inhibiting the disease process in a transgenic mouse model of Tay-Sachs. Oral administration of GFB significantly suppressed glial activation and inflammation, while also reducing the accumulation of GM2 gangliosides/glycoconjugates in the motor cortex of Tay-Sachs mice. Furthermore, oral GFB improved behavioral performance and increased the life expectancy of Tay-Sachs mice. While investigating the mechanism, we found that oral administration of GFB increased the level of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in the brain of Tay-Sachs mice, and that GFB remained unable to reduce glycoconjugates and improve behavior and survival in Tay-Sachs mice lacking PPARα. Our results indicate a beneficial function of GFB that employs a PPARα-dependent mechanism to halt the progression of TSD and increase longevity in Tay-Sachs mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Raha
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.R.); (D.D.); (R.K.P.)
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.R.); (D.D.); (R.K.P.)
| | - Ramesh K. Paidi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.R.); (D.D.); (R.K.P.)
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (S.R.); (D.D.); (R.K.P.)
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Liu R, Zhou H, Qu H, Chen Y, Bai Q, Guo F, Wang L, Jiang X, Mao H. Effects of aerobic exercise on depression-like behavior and TLR4/NLRP3 pathway in hippocampus CA1 region of CUMS-depressed mice. J Affect Disord 2023; 341:248-255. [PMID: 37634821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The paper observes regulation of the expression levels of NLRP3 and TLR4 in hippocampal CA1 neurons in CUMS mice by aerobic exercise with constructing CUMS depression mouse model, in order to explore the neuroprotective mechanism of aerobic exercise on the hippocampus of depressed mice. STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD 24 healthy male 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into CG, MG and ME. Thirteen stress-stimulating factors were randomly formulated into a CUMS stress-stimulating program. The mice were underwent 28 days of CUMS depression model, referenced clinical means for experimental research. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Yichun University (YCUEC IRB number LSK NO.2022.18). After model preparation, ME mice were subjected to moderate-intensity treadmill exercise training for 8 weeks. TST, FST and SPT were used to detect the depression-like behaviors of the mice in each group. Nissl staining was used to compare the cell morphology in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot were used to detect the changes in the expression levels of NLRP3, TLR4 and other proteins in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus. RESULTS The results of neurobehavioral assessment showed that, the immobility time of TST and FST were significantly increased, and SPT index was significantly decreased of MG mice. Compared with MG, ME mice significantly improved depression-like behaviors such as TST, FST and SPT index. Nissl staining showed that the morphology of neurons in CA1 region of hippocampus of MG mice were mostly vacuolar-like, with severe nuclear pyknosis. Abnormal morphological changes such as vacuolar-like and pyknotic pyknosis of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of ME mice were significantly reduced. Protein expression test showed that the number of NLRP3, TLR4, IL-1β and IL-10 positive neurons in hippocampal CA1 region of MG mice increased significantly compared with CG, and the proportion of positive cells increased significantly, while NLRP3 and TLR4 positive neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region of ME mice were significantly reduced, the proportion of TLR4 positive cells was significantly reduced. CONCLUSION Systematic moderate-intensity exercise can effectively improve the depression-like behavior of CUMS depressed mice through the expression of TLR4/NLRP3 inflammatory signaling pathway, and provide an effective experimental basis for the clinical rehabilitation treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilian Liu
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Continuing Education College, Yichun Vocational and Technical College, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Honglin Qu
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yilin Chen
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qingyun Bai
- Jiangxi Key Lab of Natural Drug Research, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Fuqiang Guo
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Liang Wang
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xiaobo Jiang
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Haifeng Mao
- College of Physical Education, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, Jiangxi Province, China
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Chakrabarti S, Gorai S, Pahan K. A simple protocol for isolating microglia from adult mouse brain. NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 2023; 2:293-300. [PMID: 37885917 PMCID: PMC10474378 DOI: 10.1515/nipt-2023-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Although microglia are activated in adult and aged brains resulting in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory disorders, most of the cell culture studies on microglia deal with neonatal microglia because of ease of isolation. Microglia could be isolated from adult brains, but it requires separation by density gradient centrifugation, magnetic beads, etc. Here, we describe a simple protocol of isolating highly purified microglia from adult mouse brains. Methods Our protocol involves dilution with sterile PBS or media, regular centrifugation, and plating on poly-D-lysine-coated flasks. Results These adult microglia expressed the inducible nitric oxide synthase in response to preformed α-syn fibril, an etiological reagent of Parkinson's disease, and bacterial lipopolysaccharides, one of the prototype proinflammatory stimuli. Moreover, these adult microglia exhibited phagocytosis, which was stimulated by LPS treatment. Conclusions These results suggest that adult microglia isolated by our procedure are functional and that these adult microglia could be used for studies related to neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Chakrabarti
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Sukhamoy Gorai
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, USA
- Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, USA
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Paidi RK, Raha S, Roy A, Pahan K. Muscle-building supplement β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate binds to PPARα to improve hippocampal functions in mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112717. [PMID: 37437568 PMCID: PMC10440158 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study underlines the importance of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a muscle-building supplement in human, in increasing mouse hippocampal plasticity. Detailed proteomic analyses reveal that HMB serves as a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), a nuclear hormone receptor involved in fat metabolism, via interaction with the Y314 residue. Accordingly, HMB is ineffective in increasing plasticity of PPARα-/- hippocampal neurons. While lentiviral establishment of full-length PPARα restores the plasticity-promoting effect of HMB in PPARα-/- hippocampal neurons, lentiviral transduction of Y314D-PPARα remains unable to do that, highlighting the importance of HMB's interaction with the Y314 residue. Additionally, oral HMB improves spatial learning and memory and reduces plaque load in 5X familial Alzheimer's disease (5XFAD) mice, but not in 5XFADΔPPARα mice (5XFAD lacking PPARα), indicating the involvement of PPARα in HMB-mediated neuroprotection in 5XFAD mice. These results delineate neuroprotective functions of HMB and suggest that this widely used supplement may be repurposed for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh K Paidi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sumita Raha
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Avik Roy
- Simmaron Research Institute, Technology Innovation Center, 10437 W Innovation Drive, Wauwatosa, WI, USA
| | - Kalipada Pahan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Division of Research and Development, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Alizadeh M, Kheirouri S, Keramati M. What Dietary Vitamins and Minerals Might Be Protective against Parkinson's Disease? Brain Sci 2023; 13:1119. [PMID: 37509049 PMCID: PMC10377174 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13071119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dietary constituents may affect the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to assess the contribution of dietary intake of vitamins and minerals to the severity, motor and non-motor symptoms, and risk of PD. METHODS In this case-control study, 120 patients with PD and 50 healthy participants participated. Dietary intake of vitamins and minerals was determined using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire. The severity of PD was determined by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). RESULTS Patients with PD had lower intake of several vitamins and minerals including lycopene, thiamine, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, pantothenic acid, magnesium, zinc, manganese, selenium, chromium, and phosphorus, but had higher intake of α-tocopherol. High dietary intake of vitamin A, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, vitamin C, and α-tocopherol were correlated with increased odds of PD. High intake of lycopene, thiamin, vitamin B6, pantothenic acid, magnesium, zinc, manganese, chromium, and phosphorous correlated with reduced odds of PD. The predictive power of α-tocopherol concerning the risk of PD was stronger relative to other vitamins. Dietary intake of pantothenic acid was negatively correlated with PD severity and symptoms of motor examination and complication. The severity and motor symptoms of PD were also negatively correlated with β-carotene, vitamin C, riboflavin, vitamin B6, and biotin intake. The UPDRS total score and motor symptoms in PD patients were negatively correlated with phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, manganese, and chromium, and strongly with potassium intake. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that adequate dietary intake of vitamins and minerals may have a preventive effect on developing PD and progression of motor decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran
| | - Sorayya Kheirouri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran
| | - Majid Keramati
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614711, Iran
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Marino G, Campanelli F, Natale G, De Carluccio M, Servillo F, Ferrari E, Gardoni F, Caristo ME, Picconi B, Cardinale A, Loffredo V, Crupi F, De Leonibus E, Viscomi MT, Ghiglieri V, Calabresi P. Intensive exercise ameliorates motor and cognitive symptoms in experimental Parkinson's disease restoring striatal synaptic plasticity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1403. [PMID: 37450585 PMCID: PMC10348672 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Intensive physical activity improves motor functions in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) at early stages. However, the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise on PD-associated neuronal alterations have not been fully clarified yet. Here, we tested the hypothesis that an intensive treadmill training program rescues alterations in striatal plasticity and early motor and cognitive deficits in rats receiving an intrastriatal injection of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibrils. Improved motor control and visuospatial learning in active animals were associated with a recovery of dendritic spine density alterations and a lasting rescue of a physiological corticostriatal long-term potentiation (LTP). Pharmacological analyses of LTP show that modulations of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors bearing GluN2B subunits and tropomyosin receptor kinase B, the main brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor, are involved in these beneficial effects. We demonstrate that intensive exercise training has effects on the early plastic alterations induced by α-syn aggregates and reduces the spread of toxic α-syn species to other vulnerable brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Marino
- Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Campanelli
- Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Natale
- Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria De Carluccio
- Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences and Neurorehabilitation IRCCS S.Raffaele-Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Servillo
- Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Ferrari
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Picconi
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Lab. Neurofisiologia Sperimentale, Roma, Italy
| | - Antonella Cardinale
- Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Lab. Neurofisiologia Sperimentale, Roma, Italy
| | - Vittorio Loffredo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Francesco Crupi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Elvira De Leonibus
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Telethon Foundation, Pozzuoli (NA), Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Viscomi
- Department of Life Science and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghiglieri
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università Telematica San Raffaele, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Sezione di Neurologia, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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12
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Lei Y, Klionsky DJ. Transcriptional regulation of autophagy and its implications in human disease. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1416-1429. [PMID: 37045910 PMCID: PMC10244319 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway that is vital for maintaining cell homeostasis and promoting cell survival under stressful conditions. Dysregulation of autophagy is associated with a variety of human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, this pathway must be precisely regulated at multiple levels, involving epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms, to prevent inappropriate autophagy activity. In this review, we focus on autophagy regulation at the transcriptional level, summarizing the transcription factors that control autophagy gene expression in both yeast and mammalian cells. Because the expression and/or subcellular localization of some autophagy transcription factors are altered in certain diseases, we also discuss how changes in transcriptional regulation of autophagy are associated with human pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Lei
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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13
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Tang C, Liu M, Zhou Z, Li H, Yang C, Yang L, Xiang J. Treadmill Exercise Alleviates Cognition Disorder by Activating the FNDC5: Dual Role of Integrin αV/β5 in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097830. [PMID: 37175535 PMCID: PMC10178565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease with cognitive impairment (PD-CI) results in several clinical outcomes for which specific treatment is lacking. Although the pathogenesis of PD-CI has not yet been fully elucidated, it is related to neuronal plasticity decline in the hippocampus region. The dopaminergic projections from the substantia nigra to the hippocampus are critical in regulating hippocampal plasticity. Recently, aerobic exercise has been recognized as an effective therapeutic strategy for enhancing plasticity through the secretion of various muscle factors. The exact role of FNDC5-an upregulated, newly identified myokine produced after exercise-in mediating hippocampal plasticity and regional dopaminergic projections in PD-CI remains unclear. In this study, the effect of treadmill exercise on hippocampal synaptic plasticity was evaluated in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced chronic PD models. The results showed that treadmill exercise substantially alleviated the motor dysfunction, cognition disorder, and dopaminergic neuron degeneration induced by MPTP. Here, we discovered that the quadriceps, serum, and brain FNDC5 levels were lower in PD mice and that intervention with treadmill exercise restored FNDC5 levels. Moreover, treadmill exercise enhanced the synaptic plasticity of hippocampal pyramidal neurons via increased dopamine levels and BDNF in the PD mice. The direct protective effect of FNDC5 is achieved by promoting the secretion of BDNF in the hippocampal neurons via binding the integrin αVβ5 receptor, thereby improving synaptic plasticity. Regarding the indirect protection effect, FNDC5 promotes the dopaminergic connection from the substantia nigra to the hippocampus by mediating the interaction between the integrin αVβ5 of the hippocampal neurons and the CD90 molecules on the membrane of dopaminergic terminals. Our findings demonstrated that treadmill exercise could effectively alleviate cognitive disorders via the activation of the FNDC5-BDNF pathway and enhance the dopaminergic synaptic connection from SNpc to the hippocampus in the MPTP-induced chronic PD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Tang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Mengting Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, China
- The College of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Zihang Zhou
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Hao Li
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Li Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou 221002, China
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14
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Hayley S, Vahid-Ansari F, Sun H, Albert PR. Mood disturbances in Parkinson's disease: From prodromal origins to application of animal models. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 181:106115. [PMID: 37037299 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex illness with a constellation of environmental insults and genetic vulnerabilities being implicated. Strikingly, many studies only focus on the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease and fail to appreciate the major non-motor features which typically occur early in the disease process and are debilitating. Common comorbid psychiatric features, notably clinical depression, as well as anxiety and sleep disorders are thought to emerge before the onset of prominent motor deficits. In this review, we will delve into the prodromal stage of PD and how early neuropsychiatric pathology might unfold, followed by later motor disturbances. It is also of interest to discuss how animal models of PD capture the complexity of the illness, including depressive-like characteristics along with motor impairment. It remains to be determined how the underlying PD disease processes contributes to such comorbidity. But some of the environmental toxicants and microbial pathogens implicated in PD might instigate pro-inflammatory effects favoring α-synuclein accumulation and damage to brainstem neurons fueling the evolution of mood disturbances. We posit that comprehensive animal-based research approaches are needed to capture the complexity and time-dependent nature of the primary and co-morbid symptoms. This will allow for the possibility of early intervention with more novel and targeted treatments that fit with not only individual patient variability, but also with changes that occur over time with the evolution of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, Canada.
| | - F Vahid-Ansari
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - H Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - P R Albert
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), University of Ottawa, Canada
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15
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PPARs and Their Neuroprotective Effects in Parkinson's Disease: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in α-Synucleinopathy? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043264. [PMID: 36834679 PMCID: PMC9963164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common α-synucleinopathy worldwide. The pathognomonic hallmark of PD is the misfolding and propagation of the α-synuclein (α-syn) protein, observed in post-mortem histopathology. It has been hypothesized that α-synucleinopathy triggers oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction, leading to neurodegeneration. To this date, there are no disease-modifying drugs that generate neuroprotection against these neuropathological events and especially against α-synucleinopathy. Growing evidence suggests that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists confer neuroprotective effects in PD, however, whether they also confer an anti-α-synucleinopathy effect is unknown. Here we analyze the reported therapeutic effects of PPARs, specifically the gamma isoform (PPARγ), in preclinical PD animal models and clinical trials for PD, and we suggest possible anti-α-synucleinopathy mechanisms acting downstream from these receptors. Elucidating the neuroprotective mechanisms of PPARs through preclinical models that mimic PD as closely as possible will facilitate the execution of better clinical trials for disease-modifying drugs in PD.
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16
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Weng H, Song W, Fu K, Guan Y, Cai G, Huang E, Chen X, Zou H, Ye Q. Proteomic profiling reveals the potential mechanisms and regulatory targets of sirtuin 4 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced Parkinson's mouse model. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1035444. [PMID: 36760798 PMCID: PMC9905825 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1035444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD), as a common neurodegenerative disease, currently has no effective therapeutic approaches to delay or stop its progression. There is an urgent need to further define its pathogenesis and develop new therapeutic targets. An increasing number of studies have shown that members of the sirtuin (SIRT) family are differentially involved in neurodegenerative diseases, indicating their potential to serve as targets in therapeutic strategies. Mitochondrial SIRT4 possesses multiple enzymatic activities, such as deacetylase, ADP ribosyltransferase, lipoamidase, and deacylase activities, and exhibits different enzymatic activities and target substrates in different tissues and cells; thus, mitochondrial SIRT4 plays an integral role in regulating metabolism. However, the role and mechanism of SIRT4 in PD are not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism and possible regulatory targets of SIRT4 in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice. Methods The expression of the SIRT4 protein in the MPTP-induced PD mouse mice or key familial Parkinson disease protein 7 knockout (DJ-1 KO) rat was compared against the control group by western blot assay. Afterwards, quantitative proteomics and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify altered proteins in the vitro model and reveal the possible functional role of SIRT4. The most promising molecular target of SIRT4 were screened and validated by viral transfection, western blot assay and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assays. Results The expression of the SIRT4 protein was found to be altered both in the MPTP-induced PD mouse mice and DJ-1KO rats. Following the viral transfection of SIRT4, a quantitative proteomics analysis identified 5,094 altered proteins in the vitro model, including 213 significantly upregulated proteins and 222 significantly downregulated proteins. The results from bioinformatics analyses indicated that SIRT4 mainly affected the ribosomal pathway, propionate metabolism pathway, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway and peroxisome pathway in cells, and we screened 25 potential molecular targets. Finally, only fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) in the PPAR signaling pathway was regulated by SIRT4 among the 25 molecules. Importantly, the alterations in FABP4 and PPARγ were verified in the MPTP-induced PD mouse model. Discussion Our results indicated that FABP4 in the PPAR signaling pathway is the most promising molecular target of SIRT4 in an MPTP-induced mouse model and revealed the possible functional role of SIRT4. This study provides a reference for future drug development and mechanism research with SIRT4 as a target or biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Weng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kangyue Fu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunqian Guan
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - En Huang
- The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Haiqiang Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China,Haiqiang Zou,
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Qinyong Ye,
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