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Iwase M, Diba K, Pastalkova E, Mizuseki K. Dynamics of spike transmission and suppression between principal cells and interneurons in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Hippocampus 2024; 34:393-421. [PMID: 38874439 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Synaptic excitation and inhibition are essential for neuronal communication. However, the variables that regulate synaptic excitation and inhibition in the intact brain remain largely unknown. Here, we examined how spike transmission and suppression between principal cells (PCs) and interneurons (INTs) are modulated by activity history, brain state, cell type, and somatic distance between presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons by applying cross-correlogram analyses to datasets recorded from the dorsal hippocampus and medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) of 11 male behaving and sleeping Long Evans rats. The strength, temporal delay, and brain-state dependency of the spike transmission and suppression depended on the subregions/layers. The spike transmission probability of PC-INT excitatory pairs that showed short-term depression versus short-term facilitation was higher in CA1 and lower in CA3. Likewise, the intersomatic distance affected the proportion of PC-INT excitatory pairs that showed short-term depression and facilitation in the opposite manner in CA1 compared with CA3. The time constant of depression was longer, while that of facilitation was shorter in MEC than in CA1 and CA3. During sharp-wave ripples, spike transmission showed a larger gain in the MEC than in CA1 and CA3. The intersomatic distance affected the spike transmission gain during sharp-wave ripples differently in CA1 versus CA3. A subgroup of MEC layer 3 (EC3) INTs preferentially received excitatory inputs from and inhibited MEC layer 2 (EC2) PCs. The EC2 PC-EC3 INT excitatory pairs, most of which showed short-term depression, exhibited higher spike transmission probabilities than the EC2 PC-EC2 INT and EC3 PC-EC3 INT excitatory pairs. EC2 putative stellate cells exhibited stronger spike transmission to and received weaker spike suppression from EC3 INTs than EC2 putative pyramidal cells. This study provides detailed comparisons of monosynaptic interaction dynamics in the hippocampal-entorhinal loop, which may help to elucidate circuit operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motosada Iwase
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kamran Diba
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Eva Pastalkova
- The William Alanson White Institute of Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis & Psychology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenji Mizuseki
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Mobille Z, Sikandar UB, Sponberg S, Choi H. Temporal resolution of spike coding in feedforward networks with signal convergence and divergence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.08.602598. [PMID: 39026834 PMCID: PMC11257569 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.08.602598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Convergent and divergent structures in the networks that make up biological brains are found universally across many species and brain regions at various scales. Neurons in these networks fire action potentials, or "spikes", whose precise timing is becoming increasingly appreciated as large sources of information about both sensory input and motor output. While previous theories on coding in convergent and divergent networks have largely neglected the role of precise spike timing, our model and analyses place this aspect at the forefront. For a suite of stimuli with different timescales, we demonstrate that structural bottlenecks (small groups of neurons) post-synaptic to network convergence have a stronger preference for spike timing codes than expansion layers created by structural divergence. Additionally, we found that a simple network model with similar convergence and divergence ratios to those found experimentally can reproduce the relative contribution of spike timing information about motor output in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta. Our simulations and analyses suggest a relationship between the level of convergent/divergent structure present in a feedforward network and the loss of stimulus information encoded by its population spike trains as their temporal resolution decreases, which could be confirmed experimentally across diverse neural systems in future studies. We further show that this relationship can be generalized across different models and measures, implying a potentially fundamental link between network structure and coding strategy using spikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zach Mobille
- School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Quantitative Biosciences Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Usama Bin Sikandar
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Simon Sponberg
- Quantitative Biosciences Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Hannah Choi
- School of Mathematics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
- Quantitative Biosciences Program, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332
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Russo S, Stanley GB, Najafi F. Spike Reliability is Cell-Type Specific and Shapes Excitation and Inhibition in the Cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.05.597657. [PMID: 38895401 PMCID: PMC11185694 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.05.597657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Neurons encode information in the highly variable spiking activity of neuronal populations, so that different repetitions of the same stimulus can generate action potentials that vary significantly in terms of the count and timing. How does spiking variability originate, and does it have a functional purpose? Leveraging the Allen Institute cell types dataset, we relate the spiking reliability of cortical neurons in-vitro during the intracellular injection of current resembling synaptic inputs to their morphologic, electrophysiologic, and transcriptomic classes. Our findings demonstrate that parvalbumin+ (PV) interneurons, a subclass of inhibitory neurons, show high reliability compared to other neuronal subclasses, particularly excitatory neurons. Through computational modeling, we predict that the high reliability of PV interneurons allows for strong and precise inhibition in downstream neurons, while the lower reliability of excitatory neurons allows for integrating multiple synaptic inputs leading to a spiking rate code. These findings illuminate how spiking variability in different neuronal classes affect information propagation in the brain, leading to precise inhibition and spiking rate codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Russo
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, US
- Allen Institute, Brain and Consciousness Program, Seattle, WA, US
| | - G. B. Stanley
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, US
| | - F. Najafi
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, US
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Levi A, Aviv N, Stark E. Learning to learn: Single session acquisition of new rules by freely moving mice. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae203. [PMID: 38818240 PMCID: PMC11138122 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Learning from examples and adapting to new circumstances are fundamental attributes of human cognition. However, it is unclear what conditions allow for fast and successful learning, especially in nonhuman subjects. To determine how rapidly freely moving mice can learn a new discrimination criterion (DC), we design a two-alternative forced-choice visual discrimination paradigm in which the DCs governing the task can change between sessions. We find that experienced animals can learn a new DC after being exposed to only five training and three testing trials. The propensity for single session learning improves over time and is accurately predicted based on animal experience and criterion difficulty. After establishing the procedural learning of a paradigm, mice continuously improve their performance in new circumstances. Thus, mice learn to learn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Levi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Noam Aviv
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eran Stark
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Haifa University, Haifa 3103301, Israel
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Sloin HE, Spivak L, Levi A, Gattegno R, Someck S, Stark E. Local activation of CA1 pyramidal cells induces theta-phase precession. Science 2024; 383:551-558. [PMID: 38301006 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk2456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Hippocampal theta-phase precession is involved in spatiotemporal coding and in generating multineural spike sequences, but how precession originates remains unresolved. To determine whether precession can be generated directly in hippocampal area CA1 and disambiguate multiple competing mechanisms, we used closed-loop optogenetics to impose artificial place fields in pyramidal cells of mice running on a linear track. More than one-third of the CA1 artificial fields exhibited synthetic precession that persisted for a full theta cycle. By contrast, artificial fields in the parietal cortex did not exhibit synthetic precession. These findings are incompatible with precession models based on inheritance, dual-input, spreading activation, inhibition-excitation summation, or somato-dendritic competition. Thus, a precession generator resides locally within CA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadas E Sloin
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lidor Spivak
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amir Levi
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roni Gattegno
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shirly Someck
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eran Stark
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Haifa University, Haifa 3103301, Israel
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Spivak L, Someck S, Levi A, Sivroni S, Stark E. Wired together, change together: Spike timing modifies transmission in converging assemblies. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj4411. [PMID: 38232172 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
The precise timing of neuronal spikes may lead to changes in synaptic connectivity and is thought to be crucial for learning and memory. However, the effect of spike timing on neuronal connectivity in the intact brain remains unknown. Using closed-loop optogenetic stimulation in CA1 of freely moving mice, we generated unique spike patterns between presynaptic pyramidal cells (PYRs) and postsynaptic parvalbumin (PV)-immunoreactive cells. The stimulation led to spike transmission changes that occurred together across all presynaptic PYRs connected to the same postsynaptic PV cell. The precise timing of all presynaptic and postsynaptic cell spikes affected transmission changes. These findings reveal an unexpected plasticity mechanism, in which the spike timing of an entire cell assembly has a more substantial impact on effective connectivity than that of individual cell pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidor Spivak
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shirly Someck
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amir Levi
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Shir Sivroni
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Mathematics, Afeka-Tel Aviv College of Engineering, Tel-Aviv 6910717, Israel
- Department of Mathematics, The Open University of Israel, Ra'anana 4353701, Israel
| | - Eran Stark
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Haifa University, Haifa 3103301, Israel
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Sivroni S, Sloin HE, Stark E. Short-term auditory priming in freely-moving mice. iScience 2023; 26:107847. [PMID: 37736050 PMCID: PMC10509352 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Priming, a change in the mental processing of a stimulus as a result of prior encounter with a related stimulus, has been observed repeatedly and studied extensively in humans. Yet currently, there is no behavioral model of short-term priming in lab animals, precluding research on the neurobiological basis of priming. Here, we describe an auditory discrimination paradigm for studying response priming in freely moving mice. We find a priming effect in success rate in all mice tested on the task. In contrast, we do not find a priming effect in response times. Compared to non-primed discrimination trials, the addition of incongruent prime stimuli reduces success rate more than congruent prime stimuli, suggesting a cognitive mechanism based on differential interference. The results establish the short-term priming phenomenon in rodents, and the paradigm opens the door to studying the cellular-network basis of priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Sivroni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Department of Mathematics, Afeka-Tel Aviv College of Engineering, Tel-Aviv 6910717, Israel
- Department of Mathematics, The Open University of Israel, Ra’anana 4353701, Israel
| | - Hadas E. Sloin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eran Stark
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Haifa University, Haifa 3103301, Israel
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Someck S, Levi A, Sloin HE, Spivak L, Gattegno R, Stark E. Positive and biphasic extracellular waveforms correspond to return currents and axonal spikes. Commun Biol 2023; 6:950. [PMID: 37723241 PMCID: PMC10507124 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple biophysical mechanisms may generate non-negative extracellular waveforms during action potentials, but the origin and prevalence of positive spikes and biphasic spikes in the intact brain are unknown. Using extracellular recordings from densely-connected cortical networks in freely-moving mice, we find that a tenth of the waveforms are non-negative. Positive phases of non-negative spikes occur in synchrony or just before wider same-unit negative spikes. Narrow positive spikes occur in isolation in the white matter. Isolated biphasic spikes are narrower than negative spikes, occurring right after spikes of verified inhibitory units. In CA1, units with dominant non-negative spikes exhibit place fields, phase precession, and phase-locking to ripples. Thus, near-somatic narrow positive extracellular potentials correspond to return currents, and isolated non-negative spikes correspond to axonal potentials. Identifying non-negative extracellular waveforms that correspond to non-somatic compartments during spikes can enhance the understanding of physiological and pathological neural mechanisms in intact animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirly Someck
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Amir Levi
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Hadas E Sloin
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Lidor Spivak
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Roni Gattegno
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Eran Stark
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel.
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, Haifa University, Haifa, 3103301, Israel.
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