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Grostete M, Lee J, Msibi Z, Boissel F, Jimenez M, Jeantet R, Lanotte L. Exploring the formation of surficial whey protein deposits under shear stress by rheofluidic approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 274:133291. [PMID: 38908625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how shear affects whey protein stability is crucial to deal with typical industrial issues occurring at the bulk solution/surface interface, such as fouling during heat treatments. However, at the state of the art, this effect remains unclear, contrary to that of temperature. This article presents a novel strategy to study the impact of shear rate and concentration on the accumulation of whey protein surficial deposits. It consists in applying a range of shear rates (0-200 s-1) at controlled temperature (65 °C) on whey protein solutions (5-10 wt%) by a parallel plate rheometer equipped with a glass disc, thus allowing the off-line characterization of the deposits by microscopy. Our results highlight an unequivocal effect of increasing shear stress. At 5 wt%, it fosters the formation of primary deposits (≈ 10 μm), whereas at 10 wt% it results in the development of complex branched structures (≈ 50 μm) especially for shear rates ranging from 140 s-1 to 200 s-1. Based on the classification by size of the observed populations, we discuss possible hypotheses for the deposit growth kinetics, involving the interplay of different physico-chemical protein-surface interactions and paving the way to future further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeehyun Lee
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Zanele Msibi
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | | | - Maude Jimenez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France; Institut Universitaire de, France, (IUF), 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris cedex.
| | | | - Luca Lanotte
- INRAE, Institut Agro, STLO, 35042 Rennes, France.
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2
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Liu W, Feng Y, Pan F, Jeantet R, André C, Chen XD, Delaplace G. Effect of calcium on the thermal denaturation of whey proteins and subsequent fouling in a benchtop fouling device: An experimental and numerical approach. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Abdallah M, Azevedo-Scudeller L, Hiolle M, Lesur C, Baniel A, Delaplace G. Review on mechanisms leading to fouling and stability issues related to heat treatment of casein-based RTD beverages. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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4
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Saget M, de Almeida CF, Fierro V, Celzard A, Delaplace G, Thomy V, Coffinier Y, Jimenez M. A critical review on surface modifications mitigating dairy fouling. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4324-4366. [PMID: 34250733 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatments performed in food processing industries generate fouling. This fouling deposit impairs heat transfer mechanism by creating a thermal resistance, thus leading to regular shutdown of the processes. Therefore, periodic and harsh cleaning-in-place (CIP) procedures are implemented. This CIP involves the use of chemicals and high amounts of water, thus increasing environmental burden. It has been estimated that 80% of production costs are owed to dairy fouling deposit. Since the 1970s, different types of surface modifications have been performed either to prevent fouling deposition (anti-fouling) or to facilitate removal (fouling-release). This review points out the impacts of surface modification on type A dairy fouling and on cleaning behaviors under batch and continuous flow conditions. Both types of anti-fouling and fouling-release coatings are reported as well as the different techniques used to modify stainless steel surface. Finally, methods for testing and characterising the effectiveness of coatings in mitigating dairy fouling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Saget
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France.,Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | - Guillaume Delaplace
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France
| | - Vincent Thomy
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Yannick Coffinier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, UMR 8520 - IEMN, Lille, France
| | - Maude Jimenez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207 - UMET - Unité Matériaux et Transformations, Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
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5
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Effect of casein/whey ratio on the thermal denaturation of whey proteins and subsequent fouling in a plate heat exchanger. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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New experimental set-up for testing microwave technology to continuously heat fouling-sensitive food products like milk concentrates. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2020.102453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Escrig J, Woolley E, Simeone A, Watson N. Monitoring the cleaning of food fouling in pipes using ultrasonic measurements and machine learning. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Escrig JE, Simeone A, Woolley E, Rangappa S, Rady A, Watson N. Ultrasonic measurements and machine learning for monitoring the removal of surface fouling during clean-in-place processes. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Simeone A, Woolley E, Escrig J, Watson NJ. Intelligent Industrial Cleaning: A Multi-Sensor Approach Utilising Machine Learning-Based Regression. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3642. [PMID: 32610576 PMCID: PMC7374345 DOI: 10.3390/s20133642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Effectively cleaning equipment is essential for the safe production of food but requires a significant amount of time and resources such as water, energy, and chemicals. To optimize the cleaning of food production equipment, there is the need for innovative technologies to monitor the removal of fouling from equipment surfaces. In this work, optical and ultrasonic sensors are used to monitor the fouling removal of food materials with different physicochemical properties from a benchtop rig. Tailored signal and image processing procedures are developed to monitor the cleaning process, and a neural network regression model is developed to predict the amount of fouling remaining on the surface. The results show that the three dissimilar food fouling materials investigated were removed from the test section via different cleaning mechanisms, and the neural network models were able to predict the area and volume of fouling present during cleaning with accuracies as high as 98% and 97%, respectively. This work demonstrates that sensors and machine learning methods can be effectively combined to monitor cleaning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Simeone
- Intelligent Manufacturing Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;
| | - Elliot Woolley
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK;
| | - Josep Escrig
- i2CAT Foundation, Calle Gran Capita, 2 -4 Edifici Nexus (Campus Nord Upc), 08034 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Nicholas James Watson
- Food, Water, Waste, Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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10
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Blanpain-Avet P, André C, Azevedo-Scudeller L, Croguennec T, Jimenez M, Bellayer S, Six T, Martins G, Delaplace G. Effect of the phosphate/calcium molar ratio on fouling deposits generated by the processing of a whey protein isolate in a plate heat exchanger. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Gu Y, Bouvier L, Tonda A, Delaplace G. A mathematical model for the prediction of the whey protein fouling mass in a pilot scale plate heat exchanger. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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13
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Chen B, Callens D, Campistron P, Moulin E, Debreyne P, Delaplace G. Monitoring cleaning cycles of fouled ducts using ultrasonic coda wave interferometry (CWI). ULTRASONICS 2019; 96:253-260. [PMID: 30745025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fouling in heat exchangers is the buildup of deposits on the solid surfaces. These deposits reduce the eco-efficiency of the processing equipment and increase the risk of subsequent surface contamination with the formation of biofilms. In the agro-food and water supplier sectors, which are our main concern, fouling on the hot walls of processing heat exchangers is a common occurrence and requires frequent cleaning cycles to ensure hygiene requirements are met. This results in a considerable ecological footprint. Sensors and diagnostic tools for monitoring fouling are thus of utmost importance to ensure the rational validation of the cleaning end-point and to decrease the environmental impact of the cleaning cycles. In this paper, a non-destructive ultrasonic monitoring technique using coda waves and the associated signal processing was tested to monitor the evolution over time of a deposit layer on a solid wall during cleaning. To ascertain the feasibility of the method, a piece of wax of controlled thickness was deposited to simulate the initial fouling state and a cleaning cycle was launched. The decorrelation coefficient was used as an indicator to monitor fouling. This article presents the principle of this unprecedented technique for measuring the degree of fouling. The results of the experiments show that this non-destructive monitoring technology is sensitive to changes in fouling and that the decorrelation coefficient curves are in agreement with the cleaning kinetics captured using a video camera, thus ascertaining the pertinence of the diagnostic tool proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chen
- IEMN UMR-CNRS 8520, Département Opto-Acousto-Electronique, 59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - D Callens
- IEMN UMR-CNRS 8520, Département Opto-Acousto-Electronique, 59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - P Campistron
- IEMN UMR-CNRS 8520, Département Opto-Acousto-Electronique, 59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - E Moulin
- IEMN UMR-CNRS 8520, Département Opto-Acousto-Electronique, 59313 Valenciennes, France.
| | - P Debreyne
- INRA UR638, Processus aux Interfaces et Hygiène des Matériaux, BP 20039, 59651 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - G Delaplace
- INRA UR638, Processus aux Interfaces et Hygiène des Matériaux, BP 20039, 59651 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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14
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Numerical simulation of milk fouling: Taking fouling layer domain and localized surface reaction kinetics into account. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Blanpain-Avet P, André C, Khaldi M, Bouvier L, Petit J, Six T, Jeantet R, Croguennec T, Delaplace G. Predicting the distribution of whey protein fouling in a plate heat exchanger using the kinetic parameters of the thermal denaturation reaction of β-lactoglobulin and the bulk temperature profiles. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:9611-9630. [PMID: 27720151 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-10957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Fouling of plate heat exchangers (PHE) is a severe problem in the dairy industry, notably because the relationship between the build-up of protein fouling deposits and the chemical reactions taking place in the fouling solution has not yet been fully elucidated. Experiments were conducted at pilot scale in a corrugated PHE, and fouling deposits were generated using a model β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) fouling solution for which the β-LG thermal denaturation reaction constants had been previously determined experimentally. Then 18 different bulk temperature profiles within the PHE were imposed. Analysis of the fouling runs shows that the dry deposit mass per channel versus the ratio R=kunf/kagg (with kunf and kagg representing, respectively, the unfolding and aggregation rate constants computed from both the identification of the β-LG thermal denaturation process and knowledge of the imposed bulk temperature profile into the PHE channel) is able to gather reasonably well the experimental fouling mass data into a unique master curve. This type of representation of the results clearly shows that the heat-induced reactions (unfolding and aggregation) of the various β-LG molecular species in the bulk fluid are essential to capture the trend of the fouling mass distribution inside a PHE. This investigation also illustrates unambiguously that the release of the unfolded β-LG (also called β-LG molten globule) within the bulk fluid (and the absence of its consumption in the form of aggregates) is a key phenomenon that controls the extent of protein fouling as well as its location inside the PHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Blanpain-Avet
- INRA, PIHM-UR638 (Processus aux Interfaces et Hygiène des Matériaux), UMET (Unité Matériaux Et Transformations) UMR CNRS 8207, 369, rue Jules Guesde, BP 20039, 59651 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France.
| | - C André
- HEI (Ecole des hautes Etudes d'Ingénieur), Département Chimie, Textiles et Process Innovants, 13, rue de Toul, 59046 Lille Cedex, France
| | - M Khaldi
- INRA, PIHM-UR638 (Processus aux Interfaces et Hygiène des Matériaux), UMET (Unité Matériaux Et Transformations) UMR CNRS 8207, 369, rue Jules Guesde, BP 20039, 59651 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - L Bouvier
- INRA, PIHM-UR638 (Processus aux Interfaces et Hygiène des Matériaux), UMET (Unité Matériaux Et Transformations) UMR CNRS 8207, 369, rue Jules Guesde, BP 20039, 59651 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - J Petit
- ENSAIA-Université de Lorraine-Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Biomolécules (LiBio), 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye-TSA 40602, 54518 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy cedex, France
| | - T Six
- INRA, PIHM-UR638 (Processus aux Interfaces et Hygiène des Matériaux), UMET (Unité Matériaux Et Transformations) UMR CNRS 8207, 369, rue Jules Guesde, BP 20039, 59651 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - R Jeantet
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253, STLO (Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf), 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - T Croguennec
- Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1253, STLO (Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf), 65 rue de Saint-Brieuc, CS 84215, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - G Delaplace
- INRA, PIHM-UR638 (Processus aux Interfaces et Hygiène des Matériaux), UMET (Unité Matériaux Et Transformations) UMR CNRS 8207, 369, rue Jules Guesde, BP 20039, 59651 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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16
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The effect of temperature and shear upon technological properties of whey protein concentrate: Aggregation in a tubular heat exchanger. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Effect of calcium content and flow regime on whey protein fouling and cleaning in a plate heat exchanger. J FOOD ENG 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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A CFD model as a tool to simulate β-lactoglobulin heat-induced denaturation and aggregation in a plate heat exchanger. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Boxler C, Augustin W, Scholl S. Composition of milk fouling deposits in a plate heat exchanger under pulsed flow conditions. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Fouling of milk components on DLC coated surfaces at pasteurization and UHT temperatures. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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21
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Wallhäußer E, Sprunk M, Sayed A, Nöbel S, Hussein M, Hinrichs J, Becker T. Kontinuierliche Detektion von Milchfouling mittels einer Kombination von Ultraschall und Klassifzierungsmethoden. CHEM-ING-TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201200165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Influence of surface modification on the composition of a calcium phosphate-rich whey protein deposit in a plate heat exchanger. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-013-0142-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Wallhäußer E, Hussein W, Hussein M, Hinrichs J, Becker T. Detection of dairy fouling: Combining ultrasonic measurements and classification methods. Eng Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201200081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Wallhäußer
- (Bio-)Process Technology and Process Analysis; Life Science Engineering; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Freising; Germany
| | - W.B. Hussein
- (Bio-)Process Technology and Process Analysis; Life Science Engineering; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Freising; Germany
| | - M.A. Hussein
- (Bio-)Process Technology and Process Analysis; Life Science Engineering; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Freising; Germany
| | - J. Hinrichs
- Animal Foodstuff Technology; Institute for Foodscience and Biotechnology; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart; Germany
| | - T. Becker
- (Bio-)Process Technology and Process Analysis; Life Science Engineering; Technische Universitaet Muenchen; Freising; Germany
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24
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Determination of cleaning end of dairy protein fouling using an online system combining ultrasonic and classification methods. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-012-1041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Wallhäußer E, Hussein M, Becker T. Detection methods of fouling in heat exchangers in the food industry. Food Control 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Boloorchi AS, Jafari Nasr MR. A model for fouling of plate-and-frame heat exchangers in food industry. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Blanpain-Avet P, Hédoux A, Guinet Y, Paccou L, Petit J, Six T, Delaplace G. Analysis by Raman spectroscopy of the conformational structure of whey proteins constituting fouling deposits during the processing in a heat exchanger. J FOOD ENG 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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28
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