Synthesis of silver particles below 10nm using spinning disk reactor

Higee Technologies and Their Applications to Green Intensified Processing

Higee technologies which involve the application of high gravity fields, typically of the order of 100–1000 g, in order to intensify the fluid dynamics, mixing and heat/mass transfer in processing fluids, have long been considered promising candidates for achieving process intensification. This chapter explores the recent advancements in applying well known Higee technologies such as the spinning disc reactor (SDR) and rotating packed beds (RPB) as well as more recent versions of the latter such as the rotor–stator SDR (RSSDR) and the rotating zig-zag bed (RZB) for achieving green processing benefits. Examples of several industrially-relevant applications such as polymerisation, reactive-precipitation, catalytic and enzymatic transformations and CO2 sequestration amongst others are presented and discussed.

Application of multiple stepwise spinning disk processing for the synthesis of poly(methyl acrylates) coated chitosan-diclofenac sodium nanoparticles for colonic drug delivery

The production of pharmaceutical nanoparticles by the spinning disk processing (SDP) technique has advantages in terms of its scalability and its capacity to produce readily tunable nanoparticles of narrow size distribution. In this study, we successfully developed a novel multiple stepwise SDP technique to develop aggregates of uniformly sized poly(methyl acrylates)-coated chitosan-diclofenac sodium nanocores (CS-PMA NPs) for colonic drug delivery. The processing conditions were optimized using the Box-Behnken design. SEM and TEM micrographs showed the optimized system to consist of 10 μm-sized agglomerates of CS-PMA NPs, the latter measuring 10nm in diameter. High drug entrapment of 88% was attained. Potential colon-targeted drug release from the CS-PMA NPs was demonstrated, with retardation of drug release in simulated gastrointestinal fluids and over 90% of the drug load released into simulated colonic fluid within 8 h. Drug uptake from CS-PMA NPs into Caco-2 cells was threefold higher than that from a control drug solution, with no apparent cytotoxicity observed at the NP doses administered. The collective data suggest that the SDP is a robust manufacturing method that can potentially be used to scale up the production of composite nanoparticulate colon-targeted drug delivery systems.