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Polymerization in the Borstar Polypropylene Hybrid Process: Combining Technology and Catalyst for Optimized Product Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214763. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Producing isotactic polypropylene (iPP) homo- and copolymers in a wide composition and property range according to customer demand requires perfect alignment between the process technology, catalyst system and polymer structure. The present review shows this for the Borstar® PP process, a hybrid process employing liquid bulk and gas phase stages, in an exemplary way. It starts with the process design and continues through two generations of Ziegler–Natta catalyst development history to the design of advanced multimodal random and multiphase copolymers. Essential elements of each of the three areas contributing to performance range are highlighted, and an outlook to future development is given.
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Ben Mrad A, Sheibat‐Othman N, Valaei S, Bartke M, McKenna TFL. Diffusivity of Multicomponent Gas Mixtures in Polyethylene. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nida Sheibat‐Othman
- University of Lyon University Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007 Villeurbanne F‐69100 France
| | - Sina Valaei
- Heinrich‐Damerow‐Straße 4 Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Michael Bartke
- Heinrich‐Damerow‐Straße 4 Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle 06120 Germany
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Sheikhzadeh M, Pourmahdian S. A Multipore Model for Heterogeneous Catalytic Polymerization: Structure–Performance Relationships. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoor Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology 424 Hafez Avenue, P.O. Box 15875‐4413 Tehran 1591634311 Iran
| | - Saeed Pourmahdian
- Department of Polymer Engineering Amirkabir University of Technology 424 Hafez Avenue, P.O. Box 15875‐4413 Tehran 1591634311 Iran
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Alizadeh A, McKenna TFL. Particle Growth during the Polymerization of Olefins on Supported Catalysts. Part 2: Current Experimental Understanding and Modeling Progresses on Particle Fragmentation, Growth, and Morphology Development. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201700027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Alizadeh
- C2P2-UMR5265 CNRS; ESCPE Lyon; Université de Lyon; 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; 15875-4413 Tehran Iran
- Dutch Polymer Institute; 5600 AX Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Timothy F. L. McKenna
- C2P2-UMR5265 CNRS; ESCPE Lyon; Université de Lyon; 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
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Meisterová L, Zubov A, Smolná K, Štěpánek F, Kosek J. X-Ray Tomography Imaging of Porous Polyolefin Particles in an Electron Microscope. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201300002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hydrodynamic and dispersion behavior in a non-porous silica monolith through fluid dynamic study of a computational mimic reconstructed from sub-micro-tomographic scans. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1274:65-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.11.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Revised: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Machado F, Pinto JC. Uma revisão sobre polimerização de olefinas usando catalisadores Ziegler-Natta heterogêneos. POLIMEROS 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s0104-14282011005000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A produção em larga escala de materiais poliméricos de elevado interesse industrial, provenientes da polimerização estereoespecífica de olefinas, tornou-se possível depois do advento dos catalisadores Ziegler-Natta. Classificados genericamente em seis gerações, esses catalisadores apresentam diferentes desempenhos em relação ao grau de especificidade do polímero, à atividade e ao controle de morfologia da partícula, o que propicia o desenvolvimento de resinas poliolefínicas com características e propriedades muito variadas. O objetivo principal desse trabalho é revisar e discutir algumas das questões fundamentais que estão relacionadas com as reações de polimerização de olefinas realizadas com catalisadores heterogêneos. Dá-se ênfase particular aos fatores determinantes para a condução apropriada dos processos industriais, como, por exemplo, a fragmentação controlada do catalisador, o fenômeno de replicação das características estruturais do catalisador e o controle da morfologia da partícula de polímero, a importância da prepolimerização e os efeitos relacionados à transferência de calor e massa durante a reação. Discutem-se também aspectos relacionados à modelagem dos sistemas de polimerização e às técnicas experimentais usadas para o estudo do fenômeno de fragmentação das partículas de catalisador.
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