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Li Y, Yang M, Ma Z, Zheng M, Song H, Guo X. Thermodynamic Modeling and Exergy Analysis of A Combined High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and ORC System for Automotive Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415813. [PMID: 36555454 PMCID: PMC9781775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A combined system consisting of a high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is provided for automotive applications in this paper. The combined system uses HT-PEMFC stack cathode exhaust gas to preheat the inlet gas and the ORC to recover the waste heat from the stack. The model of the combined system was developed and the feasibility of the model was verified. In addition, the evaluation index of the proposed system was derived through an energy and exergy analysis. The numerical simulation results show that the HT-PEMFC stack, cathode heat exchanger, and evaporator contributed the most to the total exergy loss of the system. These components should be optimized as a focus of future research to improve system performance. The lower current density increased the ecological function and the system efficiency, but reduced the system's net out-power. A higher inlet temperature and higher hydrogen pressures of the stack and the lower oxygen pressure helped improve the system performance. Compared to the HT-PEFC system without an ORC subsystem, the output power of the combined system was increased by 12.95%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zheshu Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-7665-9269
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2
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Guo X, Xu B, Ma Z, Li Y, Li D. Performance Analysis Based on Sustainability Exergy Indicators of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710111. [PMID: 36077509 PMCID: PMC9456530 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on finite-time thermodynamics, an irreversible high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) model is developed, and the mathematical expressions of exergy efficiency, exergy destruction index (EDI), and exergy sustainability indicators (ESI) of HT-PEMFC are derived. According to HT-PEMFC model, the influences of thermodynamic irreversibility on exergy sustainability of HT-PEMFC are researched under different operating parameters that include operating temperatures, inlet pressure, and current density. The results show that the higher operating temperature and inlet pressure of HT-PEMFCs is beneficial to performance improvement. In addition, the single cell performance gradually decreases with increasing current density due to the presence of the irreversibility of HT-PEMFC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zheshu Ma
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-7665-9269
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Finite Time Thermodynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169157. [PMID: 36012422 PMCID: PMC9409233 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the output performance of high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC), a finite time thermodynamic (FTT) model for HT-PEMFC was established. Several finite time thermodynamic indexes including power density, thermodynamic efficiency, exergy efficiency, exergetic performance efficient (EPC), entropy production rate and ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP) were derived. The energetic performance, exergetic performance and ecological performance of the HT-PEMFC were analyzed under different parameters. Results showed that operating temperature, doping level and thickness of membrane had a significant effect on the performance of HT-PEMFC and the power density increased by 58%, 31.1% and 44.9%, respectively. When the doping level reached 8, the output performance of HT-PEMFC wa optimal. The operating pressure and relative humidity had little influence on the HT-PEMFC and the power density increased by 8.7%% and 17.6%, respectively.
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Sun M, Huang J, Xia Z, Wang S, Sun G. Investigation of phosphoric acid and water transport in the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells using a multiphase model. AIChE J 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mu Sun
- Division of Fuel Cells and Battery Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jicai Huang
- Division of Fuel Cells and Battery Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Zhangxun Xia
- Division of Fuel Cells and Battery Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Suli Wang
- Division of Fuel Cells and Battery Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
| | - Gongquan Sun
- Division of Fuel Cells and Battery Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
- Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian China
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Li Y, Li D, Ma Z, Zheng M, Lu Z. Thermodynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of Vehicular High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell System. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:72. [PMID: 35054598 PMCID: PMC8779639 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Since the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC) stack require a range of auxiliary equipments to maintain operating conditions, it is necessary to consider operation of related components in the design of HT-PEMFC systems. In this paper, a thermodynamic model of a vehicular HT-PEMFC system using phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole membrane is developed. The power distribution and exergy loss of each component are derived according to thermodynamic analysis, where the stack and heat exchanger are the two components with the greatest exergy loss. In addition, ecological functions and improvement potentials are proposed to evaluate the system performance better. On this basis, the effects of stack inlet temperature, pressure, and stoichiometric on system performance are analyzed. The results showed that the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and net output power of the system achieved the maximum when the inlet gases temperature is 406.1 K. The system performance is better when the cathode inlet pressure is relatively low and the anode inlet pressure is relatively high. Moreover, the stoichiometry should be reduced to improve the system output performance on the basis of ensuring sufficient gases reaction in the stack.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zheshu Ma
- College of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.L.); (D.L.); (M.Z.); (Z.L.)
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6
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Ecological Performance Optimization of a High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. MATHEMATICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/math9121332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
According to finite-time thermodynamics, an irreversible high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) model is established, and the mathematical expressions of the output power, energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP) of HT-PEMFC are deduced. The ECOP is a step forward in optimizing the relationship between power and power dissipation, which is more in line with the principle of ecology. Based on the established HT-PEMFC model, the maximum power density is obtained under different parameters that include operating temperature, operating pressure, phosphoric acid doping level and relative humidity. At the same time, the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and ECOP corresponding to the maximum power density are acquired so as to determine the optimal value of each index under the maximum power density. The results show that the higher the operating temperature and the doping level, the better the performance of HT-PEMFC is. However, the increase of operating pressure and relative humidity has little effect on HT-PEMFC performance.
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Briceno-Mena LA, Venugopalan G, Romagnoli JA, Arges CG. Machine learning for guiding high-temperature PEM fuel cells with greater power density. PATTERNS 2021; 2:100187. [PMID: 33659908 PMCID: PMC7892359 DOI: 10.1016/j.patter.2020.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs) are enticing energy conversion technologies because they use low-cost hydrogen generated from methane and have simple water and heat management. However, proliferation of this technology requires improvement in power density. Here, we show that Machine Learning (ML) tools can help guide activities for improving HT-PEMFC power density because these tools quickly and efficiently explore large search spaces. The ML scheme relied on a 0-D, semi-empirical model of HT-PEMFC polarization behavior and a data analysis framework. Existing datasets underwent support vector regression analysis using a radial basis function kernel. In addition, the 0-D, semi-empirical HT-PEMFC model was substantiated by polarization data, and synthetic data generated from this model was subject to dimension reduction and density-based clustering. From these analyses, pathways were revealed to surpass 1 W cm−2 in HT-PEMFCs with oxygen as the oxidant and CO containing hydrogen. A framework that integrates materials data with device operation via ML ML of synthetic data from an experimentally verified current distribution model Dimension reduction and clustering identify pathways for improved HT-PEMFCs
Renewable energy and energy efficiency are crucial for achieving global sustainability goals. In this context, there is need for the development of new materials that realize high-performing and low-cost power sources. At the same time, advances in computational power, simulation, and Machine Learning enable researchers to explore large amounts of data, providing inspiration and tools for the design of new systems. In this work, we combined experiments with modeling and data analysis tools to build a framework for the study and development of high-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs). The framework used Machine Learning tools (e.g., support vector regression, dimension reduction, and clustering) that seamlessly linked materials characteristics with fuel cell performance. This allowed for the accelerated discovery of material properties and fuel cell operating parameters that achieve greater power density while co-currently addressing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A Briceno-Mena
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Gokul Venugopalan
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - José A Romagnoli
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Christopher G Arges
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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Xing L, Xu Y, Das PK, Mao B, Xu Q, Su H, Wu X, Shi W. Numerical matching of anisotropic transport processes in porous electrodes of proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Xing L. An agglomerate model for PEM fuel cells operated with non-precious carbon-based ORR catalysts. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Baricci A, Zago M, Casalegno A. Modelling analysis of heterogeneity of ageing in high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells: insight into the evolution of electrochemical impedance spectra. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Anode partial flooding modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cells: Optimisation of electrode properties and channel geometries. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Celik M, Genc G, Elden G, Yapici H. The effect of porosity on performance of phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201611402010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Parametric Analysis of a High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell Based Microcogeneration System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/4596251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on performance analysis of a 1 kWemicrocogeneration system based on a high temperature proton exchange membrane (HT-PEM) fuel cell by means of parametric investigation. A mathematical model for a system consisting of a fuel processor (steam reforming reactor and water-gas shift reactor), a HT-PEM fuel cell stack, and the balance-of-plant components was developed. Firstly, the fuel processor performance at different fuel ratios and equivalence ratio was examined. It is shown that high fuel ratios of 0.9–0.95 and equivalence ratios of less than 0.56 are suitable for acceptable carbon monoxide content in the synthetic gas produced. Secondly, a parametric study of the system performance at different fuel and equivalence ratios using key system operating parameters was conducted. Steam-to-carbon ratio, stack operating temperature, and anode stoichiometry were varied to observe the changes in the microcogeneration system. The analysis shows that the system can reach electrical and cogeneration efficiencies of 30% and 84%, respectively.
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Sousa T, Rangel CM. Pore scale modelling of a cathode catalyst layer in fuel cell environment: agglomerate reconstruction and variables optimization. J Solid State Electrochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-015-3076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Application of a Coated Film Catalyst Layer Model to a High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell with Low Catalyst Loading Produced by Reactive Spray Deposition Technology. Catalysts 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/catal5041673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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16
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The effect of binder content on the performance of a high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell produced with reactive spray deposition technology. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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A review of the development of high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(14)60272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Baricci A, Casalegno A. A simple analytical approach to simulate the electrochemical impedance response of flooded agglomerates in polymer fuel cells. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Liu X, Wu X, Scott K. Study of niobium and tantalum doped titania-supported Pt electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Liu X, Christensen PA, Kelly SM, Rocher V, Scott K. Al2O3 Disk Supported Si3N4 Hydrogen Purification Membrane for Low Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2013; 3:406-14. [PMID: 24957065 PMCID: PMC4021953 DOI: 10.3390/membranes3040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reformate gas, a commonly employed fuel for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), contains carbon monoxide, which poisons Pt-containing anodes in such devices. A novel, low-cost mesoporous Si3N4 selective gas separation material was tested as a hydrogen clean-up membrane to remove CO from simulated feed gas to single-cell PEMFC, employing Nafion as the polymer electrolyte membrane. Polarization and power density measurements and gas chromatography showed a clear effect of separating the CO from the gas mixture; the performance and durability of the fuel cell was thereby significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoteng Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Paul A Christensen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
| | - Stephen M Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Vincent Rocher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
| | - Keith Scott
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.
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22
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Novel Heat Integration in a Methane Reformer and High Temperature PEM Fuel Cell-based mCHP System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apcbee.2012.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Jin Y, Hibino T. A proton-conducting composite membrane: Sn0.95Al0.05P2O7 and polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene/propylene)-b-polystyrene. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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