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Rajendran V, Ponnusamy A, Pushpavanam S, Jayaraman G. Continuous protein refolding and purification by two-stage periodic counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1695:463938. [PMID: 37003075 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted refolding (MAR) has been used as an alternative to conventional dilution-based refolding to improve recovery and reduce specific buffer consumption. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been extensively used for MAR because of its ability to load and refold proteins at high concentrations. However, the SEC-based batch MAR processes have the disadvantages of requiring longer columns for better separation and product dilution due to a high column-to-sample volume ratio. In this work, a modified operational scheme is developed for continuous MAR of L-asparaginase inclusion bodies (IBs) using SEC-based periodic counter-current chromatography (PCC). The volumetric productivity of the modified SEC-PCC process is 6.8-fold higher than the batch SEC process. In addition, the specific buffer consumption decreased by 5-fold compared to the batch process. However, the specific activity of the refolded protein (110-130 IU/mg) was less due to the presence of impurities and additives in the refolding buffer. To address this challenge, a 2-stage process was developed for continuous refolding and purification of IBs using different matrices in sequential PCCs. The performance of the 2-stage process is compared with literature reports on single-stage IMAC-PCC and conventional pulse dilution processes for refolding L-asparaginase IBs. The 2-stage process resulted in a refolded protein with enhanced specific activity (175-190 IU/mg) and a high recovery of 84%. The specific buffer consumption (6.2 mL/mg) was lower than the pulse dilution process and comparable to the single-stage IMAC-PCC. A seamless integration of the two stages would considerably increase the throughput without compromising other parameters. High recovery, throughput, and increased operational flexibility make the 2-stage process an attractive option for protein refolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Rajendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Ananthi Ponnusamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S Pushpavanam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Guhan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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Buscajoni L, Martinetz MC, Berkemeyer M, Brocard C. Refolding in the modern biopharmaceutical industry. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 61:108050. [PMID: 36252795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion bodies (IBs) often emerge upon overexpression of recombinant proteins in E. coli. From IBs, refolding is necessary to generate the native protein that can be further purified to obtain pure and active biologicals. This work focusses on refolding as a significant process step during biopharmaceutical manufacturing with an industrial perspective. A theoretical and historical background on protein refolding gives the reader a starting point for further insights into industrial process development. Quality requirements on IBs as starting material for refolding are discussed and further economic and ecological aspects are considered with regards to buffer systems and refolding conditions. A process development roadmap shows the development of a refolding process starting from first exploratory screening rounds to scale-up and implementation in manufacturing plant. Different aspects, with a direct influence on yield, such as the selection of chemicals including pH, ionic strength, additives, etc., and other often neglected aspects, important during scale-up, such as mixing, and gas-fluid interaction, are highlighted with the use of a quality by design (QbD) approach. The benefits of simulation sciences (process simulation and computer fluid dynamics) and process analytical technology (PAT) for seamless process development are emphasized. The work concludes with an outlook on future applications of refolding and highlights open research inquiries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Buscajoni
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Biopharma Austria, Process Science Downstream Development, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5- 11, 1120 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael C Martinetz
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Biopharma Austria, Process Science Downstream Development, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5- 11, 1120 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Berkemeyer
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Biopharma Austria, Process Science Downstream Development, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5- 11, 1120 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Cécile Brocard
- Boehringer-Ingelheim RCV GmbH & Co KG, Biopharma Austria, Process Science Downstream Development, Dr. Boehringer-Gasse 5- 11, 1120 Vienna, Austria.
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Rajendran V, Pushpavanam S, Jayaraman G. Continuous refolding of L-asparaginase inclusion bodies using periodic counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1662:462746. [PMID: 34936904 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chromatography-based refolding is emerging as a promising alternative to dilution-refolding of solubilized inclusion bodies (IBs). The advantages of this matrix-assisted refolding (MAR) lie in its ability to reduce aggregate formation, leading to better recovery of active protein, and enabling refolding at higher protein concentration. However, batch chromatography has the disadvantage of ineffective solvent utilization, under-utilization of resin, and low throughput. In this work, we overcome these challenges by using a 3-column Periodic Counter-current Chromatographic (PCC) system for continuous refolding of IBs, formed during the production of L-asparaginase by recombinant E. coli cultures. Initial experiments were conducted in batch processes using single-column immobilized metal-affinity chromatography. Different gradient operations were designed to improve the protein loading for the single-column, batch-MAR processes. Optimized conditions, based on the batch-MAR experiments, were used for designing the continuous-MAR processes using the PCC system. The continuous-MAR experiments were carried out over 3 cycles (∼ 30 h) in the PCC system. A detailed quantitative comparison based on recovery, throughput, buffer consumption, and resin utilization was made for the three modes of operation: pulse-dilution, single-column batch-MAR, and 3-Column PCC-based continuous-MAR processes. While recovery (73%) and throughput (11 mg/h) were the highest in PCC, specific buffer consumption (6.9 ml/mg) was the least. Also, during PCC operation, resin utilization improved by 92% in comparison to the single-column batch-MAR process. These quantitative comparisons clearly establish the advantages of the continuous-MAR process over the batch-MAR and other conventional refolding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Rajendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - S Pushpavanam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
| | - Guhan Jayaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
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4
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Gerstweiler L, Bi J, Middelberg AP. Continuous downstream bioprocessing for intensified manufacture of biopharmaceuticals and antibodies. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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5
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Moreno-González M, Keulen D, Gomis-Fons J, Gomez GL, Nilsson B, Ottens M. Continuous adsorption in food industry: The recovery of sinapic acid from rapeseed meal extract. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Rios AG, Ribeiro AM, Rodrigues AE, Ferreira AFP. Bovine serum albumin and myoglobin separation by size exclusion SMB. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1628:461431. [PMID: 32822972 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The separation of the proteins Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and Myoglobin (Mb) was achieved by Size-Exclusion Simulated Moving Bed (SE-SMB) and performed experimentally in the FlexSMB® unit, an SMB unit designed and built in the Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering. Before accomplishing the separation experiments in the mentioned unit, separation regions were computed by simulation based on a phenomenological mathematical model to determine appropriate operating conditions. The developed model was validated in advance, against fixed-bed dynamic adsorption experimental results, for pure component and binary mixtures. Then the SMB experiments were carried out, and purities of the Mb on the extract and BSA on the raffinate streams were 98% and 96%, respectively. The achieved recoveries were 80% of Mb on the extract and 94% of BSA on the raffinate. Lastly, productivities of 6.4 gprotein⋅lads-1⋅day-1 for the extract and 28.8 gprotein⋅lads-1⋅day-1 for the raffinate were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertina G Rios
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana M Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alírio E Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre F P Ferreira
- Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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Biopharmaceuticals from microorganisms: from production to purification. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 47 Suppl 1:51-63. [PMID: 27838289 PMCID: PMC5156500 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biopharmaceuticals dates from the 19th century and within 5–10 years, up to 50% of all drugs in development will be biopharmaceuticals. In the 1980s, the biopharmaceutical industry experienced a significant growth in the production and approval of recombinant proteins such as interferons (IFN α, β, and γ) and growth hormones. The production of biopharmaceuticals, known as bioprocess, involves a wide range of techniques. In this review, we discuss the technology involved in the bioprocess and describe the available strategies and main advances in microbial fermentation and purification process to obtain biopharmaceuticals.
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Aniceto JP, Cardoso SP, Silva CM. General optimization strategy of simulated moving bed units through design of experiments and response surface methodologies. Comput Chem Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2016.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Oxidative protein refolding on size exclusion chromatography: From batch single-column to multi-column counter-current continuous processing. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ryś S, Muca R, Kołodziej M, Piątkowski W, Dürauer A, Jungbauer A, Antos D. Design and optimization of protein refolding with crossflow ultrafiltration. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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12
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Zakharova GS, Poloznikov AA, Chubar TA, Gazaryan IG, Tishkov VI. High-yield reactivation of anionic tobacco peroxidase overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 113:85-93. [PMID: 25986322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Anionic tobacco peroxidase (TOP) is extremely active in chemiluminescence reaction of luminol oxidation without addition of enhancers and more stable than horseradish peroxidase under antibody conjugation conditions. In addition, recombinant TOP (rTOP) produced in Escherichia coli is known to be a perfect direct electron transfer catalyst on electrodes of various origin. These features make the task of development of a high-yield reactivation protocol for rTOP practically important. Previous attempts to reactivate the enzyme from E. coli inclusion bodies were successful, but the reported reactivation yield was only 14%. In this work, we thoroughly screened the refolding conditions for dilution protocol and compared it with gel-filtration chromatography. The impressive reactivation yield in the dilution protocol (85%) was achieved for 8 μg/mL solubilized rTOP protein and the refolding medium containing 0.3 mM oxidized glutathione, 0.05 mM dithiothreitol, 5 mM CaCl2, 5% glycerol in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 9.6, with 1 μM hemin added at the 24th hour of incubation. A practically important discovery was a 30-40% increase in the reactivation yield upon delayed addition of hemin. The reactivation yield achieved is one of the highest reported in the literature on protein refolding by dilution. The final yield of purified active non-glycosylated rTOP was ca. 60 mg per L of E. coli culture, close to the yield reported before for tomato and tobacco plants overexpressing glycosylated TOP (60 mg/kg biomass) and much higher than for the previously reported refolding protocol (2.6 mg per L of E. coli culture).
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Zakharova
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, RAS, 119071 Moscow, Russia; Innovations and High Technologies MSU Ltd, 109559 Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Poloznikov
- Innovations and High Technologies MSU Ltd, 109559 Moscow, Russia; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Faculty, Department of Chemical Enzymology, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Chubar
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Faculty, Department of Chemical Enzymology, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - I G Gazaryan
- M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Faculty, Department of Chemical Enzymology, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Tishkov
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, RAS, 119071 Moscow, Russia; Innovations and High Technologies MSU Ltd, 109559 Moscow, Russia; M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Chemistry Faculty, Department of Chemical Enzymology, 119899 Moscow, Russia
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Saremirad P, Wood JA, Zhang Y, Ray AK. Oxidative protein refolding on size exclusion chromatography at high loading concentrations: Fundamental studies and mathematical modeling. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1370:147-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Ryś S, Piątkowski W, Antos D. Predictions of matrix-assisted refolding of α-lactalbumin: Process efficiency versus batch dilution method. Eng Life Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Ryś
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Rzeszów University of Technology; Rzeszów Poland
| | - Wojciech Piątkowski
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Rzeszów University of Technology; Rzeszów Poland
| | - Dorota Antos
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Rzeszów University of Technology; Rzeszów Poland
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Aniceto JPS, Silva CM. Simulated Moving Bed Strategies and Designs: From Established Systems to the Latest Developments. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2013.851087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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16
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Saremirad P, Wood JA, Zhang Y, Ray AK. Multi-variable operational characteristic studies of on-column oxidative protein refolding at high loading concentrations. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1359:70-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pan S, Zelger M, Jungbauer A, Hahn R. Integrated continuous dissolution, refolding and tag removal of fusion proteins from inclusion bodies in a tubular reactor. J Biotechnol 2014; 185:39-50. [PMID: 24950296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An integrated continuous tubular reactor system was developed for processing an autoprotease expressed as inclusion bodies. The inclusion bodies were suspended and fed into the tubular reactor system for continuous dissolving, refolding and precipitation. During refolding, the dissolved autoprotease cleaves itself, separating the fusion tag from the target peptide. Subsequently, the cleaved fusion tag and any uncleaved autoprotease were precipitated out in the precipitation step. The processed exiting solution results in the purified soluble target peptide. Refolding and precipitation yields performed in the tubular reactor were similar to batch reactor and process was stable for at least 20 h. The authenticity of purified peptide was also verified by mass spectroscopy. Productivity (in mg/l/h and mg/h) calculated in the tubular process was twice and 1.5 times of the batch process, respectively. Although it is more complex to setup a tubular than a batch reactor, it offers faster mixing, higher productivity and better integration to other bioprocessing steps. With increasing interest of integrated continuous biomanufacturing, the use of tubular reactors in industrial settings offers clear advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Pan
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Zelger
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rainer Hahn
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria; Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Wellhoefer M, Sprinzl W, Hahn R, Jungbauer A. Continuous processing of recombinant proteins: Integration of refolding and purification using simulated moving bed size-exclusion chromatography with buffer recycling. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1337:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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20
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Resin selection for the separation of caffeine from green tea catechins. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Wellhoefer M, Sprinzl W, Hahn R, Jungbauer A. Continuous processing of recombinant proteins: Integration of inclusion body solubilization and refolding using simulated moving bed size exclusion chromatography with buffer recycling. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1319:107-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Jungbauer A. Continuous downstream processing of biopharmaceuticals. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:479-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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23
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Bade PD, Kotu SP, Rathore AS. Optimization of a refolding step for a therapeutic fusion protein in the quality by design (QbD) paradigm. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3160-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratap D. Bade
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Susmitha P. Kotu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi India
| | - Anurag S. Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; Hauz Khas New Delhi India
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Dispersive mixing and intraparticle partitioning of protein in size-exclusion chromatographic refolding. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8503-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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26
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Freydell EJ, van der Wielen LAM, Eppink MHM, Ottens M. Techno-economic evaluation of an inclusion body solubilization and recombinant protein refolding process. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:1315-28. [PMID: 21674819 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli is normally accompanied by the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs). To obtain the protein product in an active (native) soluble form, the IBs must be first solubilized, and thereafter, the soluble, often denatured and reduced protein must be refolded. Several technically feasible alternatives to conduct IBs solubilization and on-column refolding have been proposed in recent years. However, rarely these on-column refolding alternatives have been evaluated from an economical point of view, questioning the feasibility of their implementation at a preparative scale. The presented study assesses the economic performance of four distinct process alternatives that include pH induced IBs solubilization and protein refolding (pH_IndSR); IBs solubilization using urea, dithiothreitol (DTT), and alkaline pH followed by batch size-exclusion protein refolding; inclusion bodies (IBs) solubilization using urea, DTT, and alkaline pH followed by simulated moving bed (SMB) size-exclusion protein refolding, and IBs solubilization using urea, DTT and alkaline pH followed by batch dilution protein refolding. The economic performance was judged on the basis of the direct fixed capital, and the production cost per unit of product (P(C)). This work shows that (1) pH_IndSR system is a relatively economical process, because of the low IBs solubilization cost; (2) substituting β-mercaptoethanol for dithiothreithol is an attractive alternative, as it significantly decreases the product cost contribution from the IBs solubilization; and (3) protein refolding by size-exclusion chromatography becomes economically attractive by changing the mode of operation of the chromatographic reactor from batch to continuous using SMB technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban J Freydell
- Dept. of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Ion-exchange chromatographic protein refolding. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:7265-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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