1
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Wengrove ME, Pettit EC, Nash JD, Jackson RH, Skyllingstad ED. Melting of glacier ice enhanced by bursting air bubbles. NATURE GEOSCIENCE 2023; 16:871-876. [PMID: 37808555 PMCID: PMC10555835 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-023-01262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Feedbacks between ice melt, glacier flow and ocean circulation can rapidly accelerate ice loss at tidewater glaciers and alter projections of sea-level rise. At the core of these projections is a model for ice melt that neglects the fact that glacier ice contains pressurized bubbles of air due to its formation from compressed snow. Current model estimates can underpredict glacier melt at termini outside the region influenced by the subglacial discharge plume by a factor of 10-100 compared with observations. Here we use laboratory-scale experiments and theoretical arguments to show that the bursting of pressurized bubbles from glacier ice could be a source of this discrepancy. These bubbles eject air into the seawater, delivering additional buoyancy and impulses of turbulent kinetic energy to the boundary layer, accelerating ice melt. We show that real glacier ice melts 2.25 times faster than clear bubble-free ice when driven by natural convection in a laboratory setting. We extend these results to the geophysical scale to show how bubble dynamics contribute to ice melt from tidewater glaciers. Consequently, these results could increase the accuracy of modelled predictions of ice loss to better constrain sea-level rise projections globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan E. Wengrove
- School of Civil and Construction Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Erin C. Pettit
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Jonathan D. Nash
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Rebecca H. Jackson
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Eric D. Skyllingstad
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
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2
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Ayala JS, de Moura HL, Amaral RDL, Oliveira Júnior FDA, Nunhez JR, de Castilho GJ. Two-dimensional shear rate field and flow structures of a pseudoplastic fluid in a stirred tank using particle image velocimetry. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Efficiency of PBT Impellers with Different Blade Cross-Sections. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15020585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the mixing power and the axial and radial velocity distributions were determined for the standard PBT45-6 impeller with inclined blades and for three NACA impellers with airfoil blades. On the basis of the velocity distributions obtained by means of PIV techniques, the pumping efficiency and the size of the secondary circulation for the tested impellers were determined. The next stage was to calculate the efficiency of the impeller operation, in which the comparative criteria were the values of the mixing energy in the form of a dimensional and dimensionless criterion. The lowest mixing energy was obtained for impellers with symmetrical profiled NACA0021 blades, which was 20% lower than the similar mixing energy obtained for the standard PBT45-6 impeller.
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4
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Browne CA, Datta SS. Elastic turbulence generates anomalous flow resistance in porous media. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj2619. [PMID: 34739321 PMCID: PMC8570596 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj2619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many energy, environmental, industrial, and microfluidic processes rely on the flow of polymer solutions through porous media. Unexpectedly, the macroscopic flow resistance often increases above a threshold flow rate in a porous medium, but not in bulk solution. The reason why has been a puzzle for over half a century. Here, by directly visualizing flow in a transparent 3D porous medium, we demonstrate that this anomalous increase is due to the onset of an elastic instability in which the flow exhibits strong spatiotemporal fluctuations reminiscent of inertial turbulence, despite the small Reynolds number. Our measurements enable us to quantitatively establish that the energy dissipated by pore-scale fluctuations generates the anomalous increase in the overall flow resistance. Because the macroscopic resistance is one of the most fundamental descriptors of fluid flow, our results both help deepen understanding of complex fluid flows and provide guidelines to inform a broad range of applications.
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5
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Li Q, Peng Z, Liu L, Chen S, Liu J, Wang LP, Liu T, Wang G. A comparison of different methods for estimating turbulent dissipation rate in under-resolved flow fields from synthetic PIV images. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Romphophak P, Le Men C, Cockx A, Coufort-Saudejaud C, Painmanakul P, Liné A. Analysis of flocculation in a jet clarifier. Part 1 – Global and local hydrodynamic analysis. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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8
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Effect of Flow Rate on Turbulence Dissipation Rate Distribution in a Multiphase Pump. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The turbulence dissipation will cause the increment of energy loss in the multiphase pump and deteriorate the pump performance. In order to research the turbulence dissipation rate distribution characteristics in the pressurized unit of the multiphase pump, the spiral axial flow type multiphase pump is researched numerically in the present study. This research is focused on the turbulence dissipation rate distribution characteristics in the directions of inlet to outlet, hub to rim, and in the circumferential direction of the rotating impeller blades. Numerical simulation based on the RANS (Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations) and the k-ω SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model has been carried out. The numerical method is verified by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data. Results show that the regions of the large turbulence dissipation rate are mainly at the inlet and outlet of the rotating impeller and static impeller, while it is almost zero from the inlet to the middle of outlet in the suction surface and pressure surface of the first-stage rotating impeller blades. The turbulence dissipation rate is increased gradually from the hub to the rim of the inlet section of the first-stage rotating impeller, while it is decreased firstly and then increased on the middle and outlet sections. The turbulence dissipation rate distributes unevenly in the circumferential direction on the outlet section. The maximum value of the turbulence dissipation rate occurs at 0.9 times of the rated flow rate, while the minimum value at 1.5 times of the rated flow rate. Four turning points in the turbulence dissipation rate distribution that are the same as the number of impeller blades occur at 0.5 times the blade height at 0.9 times the rated flow rate condition. The turbulence dissipation rate distribution characteristics in the pressurized unit of the multiphase pump have been studied carefully in this paper, and the research results have an important significance for improving the performance of the multiphase pump theoretically.
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9
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Hybrid Approach for Mixing Time Characterization and Scale-Up in Geometrical Nonsimilar Stirred Vessels Equipped with Eccentric Multi-Impeller Systems—An Industrial Perspective. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multipurpose stirring and blending vessels equipped with various impeller systems are indispensable in the pharmaceutical industry because of the high flexibility necessary during multiproduct manufacturing. On the other hand, process scale-up and scale-down during process development and transfer from bench or pilot to manufacturing scale, or the design of so-called scale-down models (SDMs), is a difficult task due to the geometrical differences of used vessels. The present work comprises a hybrid approach to predict mixing times from pilot to manufacturing scale for geometrical nonsimilar vessels equipped with single top, bottom or multiple eccentrically located impellers. The developed hybrid approach is based on the experimental characterization of mixing time in the dedicated equipment and evaluation of the vessel-averaged energy dissipation rate employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using single-phase steady-state simulations. Obtained data are consequently used to develop a correlation of mixing time as a function of vessel filling volume and vessel-averaged energy dissipation rate, which enables the prediction of mixing times in specific vessels based on the process parameters. Predicted mixing times are in good agreement with those simulated using time-dependent CFD simulations for tested operating conditions.
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10
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Jin J, Fan Y. Particle image velocimetry (
PIV
) experimental investigation of flow structures and dynamics produced by a centripetal turbine. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jin
- School of Energy and Power Engineering Lanzhou University of Technology Lanzhou China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Fluid Machinery and System Lanzhou China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Process Equipment and Control Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
- Research Center of Engineering Fluid and Process Enhancement Hebei University of Technology Tianjin China
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11
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Wang G, Yang F, Wu K, Ma Y, Peng C, Liu T, Wang LP. Estimation of the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy: A review. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Taghavi M, Moghaddas J. Flow characteristics of the Rushton and pitched blade turbines in turbulent and laminar mixing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2019-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe velocity field and concentration distribution of three radial and axial impellers were studied in miscible liquid blending in a stirred tank reactor. To obtain a better insight into the applicability of each impeller system, the influence of velocity profiles on the generated concentration profiles was studied in detail for each impeller. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) methods were used as the measurement techniques. In the turbulent regime, the Rushton turbine provided a homogeneous concentration field throughout the reactor by generating high radial and axial velocities in the bottom and upper zones of the tank. Operation comparisons of the up and down-pumping pitched blade turbines illustrated that the up-pumping turbine had a better performance in overall because of producing high turbulence in the upper half of the reactor. In this region, the radial concentration profile approached the final homogenized value in a shorter time. In the laminar regime, all three impellers acted in a similar way and produced a radial flow throughout the reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Taghavi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335/1996, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jafarsadegh Moghaddas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Sahand University of Technology, P.O. Box 51335/1996, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
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13
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Jin J, Fan Y. PIV experimental study on flow structure and dynamics of square stirred tank using modal decomposition. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-020-0504-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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14
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Espinoza C, Alberini F, Mihailova O, Kowalski A, Simmons M. Flow, turbulence and potential droplet break up mechanisms in an in-line Silverson 150/250 high shear mixer. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE: X 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2020.100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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15
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Lewandowski B, Fertig M, Ulbricht M, Krekel G. Relationship between bubble characteristics and hydrodynamic parameters for single bubbles in presence of surface active agents. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Šulc R, Ditl P, Jašíkova D, Kotek M, Kopecký V, Kysela B. Effect of Particle Image Velocimetry Setting Parameters on Local Velocity Measurements in an Agitated Vessel. Chem Eng Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Šulc
- Czech Technical University in PragueFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringDepartment of Process Engineering Technická 4 166 07 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ditl
- Czech Technical University in PragueFaculty of Mechanical EngineeringDepartment of Process Engineering Technická 4 166 07 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Darina Jašíkova
- Technical University of LiberecInstitute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation Studentská 1402/2 2 461 17 Liberec Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kotek
- Technical University of LiberecInstitute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation Studentská 1402/2 2 461 17 Liberec Czech Republic
| | - Václav Kopecký
- Technical University of LiberecInstitute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation Studentská 1402/2 2 461 17 Liberec Czech Republic
| | - Bohuš Kysela
- Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of Hydrodynamics Pod Paťankou 30/5 3 166 12 Prague Czech Republic
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17
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Gradov DV, Han M, Tervasmäki P, Latva-Kokko M, Vaittinen J, Pihlajamäki A, Koiranen T. Numerical Simulation of Biomass Growth in OKTOP®9000 Reactor at Industrial Scale. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018; 57:13300-13311. [PMID: 30416255 PMCID: PMC6219852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Computational
fluid dynamics is a powerful method for scale-up
of reactors although it is still challenging to fully embrace hydrodynamics
and biological complexities. In this article, an aerobic fermentation
of Pichia pastoris cells is modeled in a batch OKTOP®9000
reactor. The 800 m3 industrial scale reactor is equipped
with a radial impeller, designed by Outotec Oy for gas dispersion
in the draft tube reactor. Measured Np of the impeller is used in hydrodynamics validation.
The resolved energy dissipation rate is compensated, and its influence
on mass transfer is analyzed and discussed. Gas–liquid drag
force is modified to simulate effects of liquid turbulence and bubble
swarms. Resolved steady state multiphase hydrodynamics is used to
simulate the fermentation process. Temporal evolution of species concentrations
is compared to experimental data measured in a small copy of the reactor
at lab scale (14 L). The effect of oxygenation on the P. pastoris cells cultivation is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Vladimirovich Gradov
- School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Mei Han
- School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Petri Tervasmäki
- Chemical Process Engineering, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marko Latva-Kokko
- Outotec (Finland) Oy, Outotec Research Center, P.O. Box 69, FI-23101 Pori, Finland
| | - Johanna Vaittinen
- Neste Engineering Solutions, NAPCON, P.O. Box 310, FI-06101 Porvoo, Finland
| | - Arto Pihlajamäki
- School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Tuomas Koiranen
- School of Engineering Science, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
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18
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Assessment of k – ε models using tetrahedral grids to describe the turbulent flow field of a PBT impeller and validation through the PIV technique. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Ditl P, Šulc R, Pešava V, Jašíkova D, Kotek M, Kopecký V, Kysela B. Local Turbulent Energy Dissipation Rate in an Agitated Vessel: Experimental and Turbulence Scaling. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0040579518010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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de Lamotte A, Delafosse A, Calvo S, Toye D. Analysis of PIV measurements using modal decomposition techniques, POD and DMD, to study flow structures and their dynamics within a stirred-tank reactor. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Darabi H, Koleini SMJ, Deglon D, Rezai B, Abdollahy M. Particle Image Velocimetry Study of the Turbulence Characteristics in an Aerated Flotation Cell. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossna Darabi
- Department
of Mineral Processing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-11, Iran
| | - S. M. Javad Koleini
- Department
of Mineral Processing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-11, Iran
| | - David Deglon
- Mineral
Processing Research Unit, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 7700, South Africa
| | - Bahram Rezai
- Department of Mining & Metallurgical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163-4311, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Abdollahy
- Department
of Mineral Processing, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-11, Iran
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22
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Liu N, Gong J, Wang W, Zhang M, Han J, Tian Y, Wu C. Effect of local spatial location on chord length distribution in stirred tank. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Šulc R, Ditl P. Scaling the Velocity Gradients in a Vessel Agitated by a Rushton Turbine. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201600600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Radek Šulc
- Czech Technical University in Prague; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Department of Process Engineering; Technická 4 166 07 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ditl
- Czech Technical University in Prague; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering; Department of Process Engineering; Technická 4 166 07 Prague Czech Republic
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24
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Computational fluid dynamics benchmark dataset of airflow in tracheas. Data Brief 2016; 10:101-107. [PMID: 27981200 PMCID: PMC5144758 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.11.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is fast becoming a useful tool to aid clinicians in pre-surgical planning through the ability to provide information that could otherwise be extremely difficult if not impossible to obtain. However, in order to provide clinically relevant metrics, the accuracy of the computational method must be sufficiently high. There are many alternative methods employed in the process of performing CFD simulations within the airways, including different segmentation and meshing strategies, as well as alternative approaches to solving the Navier–Stokes equations. However, as in vivo validation of the simulated flow patterns within the airways is not possible, little exists in the way of validation of the various simulation techniques. The data presented here consists of very highly resolved flow data. The degree of resolution is compared to the highest necessary resolutions of the Kolmogorov length and time scales. Therefore this data is ideally suited to act as a benchmark case to which cheaper computational methods may be compared. A dataset and solution setup for one such more efficient method, large eddy simulation (LES), is also presented.
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25
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A PIV investigation of the effect of disperse phase fraction on the turbulence characteristics of liquid–liquid mixing in a stirred tank. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Dürauer A, Hobiger S, Walther C, Jungbauer A. Mixing at the microscale: Power input in shaken microtiter plates. Biotechnol J 2016; 11:1539-1549. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201600027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Dürauer
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Vienna Austria
| | | | - Cornelia Walther
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Alois Jungbauer
- Department of Biotechnology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology Vienna Austria
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27
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Bashiri H, Alizadeh E, Bertrand F, Chaouki J. Investigation of turbulent fluid flows in stirred tanks using a non-intrusive particle tracking technique. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Zhao L, Wang B, Armenante PM, Conmy R, Boufadel MC. Characterization of Turbulent Properties in the EPA Baffled Flask for Dispersion Effectiveness Testing. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 142:1-14. [PMID: 32831466 PMCID: PMC7433804 DOI: 10.1061/(asce)ee.1943-7870.0001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The baffled flask test (BFT) has been proposed by United States Environmental Protection Agency to be adopted as the official standard protocol for testing dispersant effectiveness. The mixing energy in the baffled flask is investigated in this paper. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the water velocity in the flask placed at an orbital shaker that was rotated at seven rotation speeds: 100, 125, 150, 160, 170, 200, and 250 rpm. Two dimensional velocity fields in large and small vertical cross sections of the flask for each rotation speed were obtained. The one-dimensional (1D) energy spectra indicates the existence of inertial subrange. The estimated average energy dissipation rates were in the range 7.65×10-3 to 4 W/kg for rotation speeds of Ω=100-250 rpm, of which it is larger than the one estimated by prior studies using single-point velocity measurement techniques for Ω=100 and 200 rpm. Factors such as instruments used, velocity components measured, and different analysis methods could contribute to the discrepancies in the results. The Kolmogorov scale estimated in this study for all seven rotation speeds approached the size of oil droplets observed at sea, which is 50-400 μm. The average energy dissipation rate, ε and Kolmogorov microscale, η, in the flasks were correlated to the rotation speed, and it was found that ε ¯ = 9.0 × 10 - 5 Exp (0.043Ω) with R 2 = 0.97 and η ¯ = 1 , 463 Exp (-0.015Ω) with R 2 = 0.98.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- Center for Natural Resources Development and Protection, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd., Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Bing Wang
- Dept. of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd., Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Piero M Armenante
- Dept. of Chemical, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd., Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Robyn Conmy
- National Risk Management Lab, U.S. EPA, Cincinnati, OH 45269
| | - Michel C Boufadel
- Center for Natural Resources Development and Protection, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 MLK Blvd., Newark, NJ 07102
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29
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Delafosse A, Calvo S, Collignon ML, Delvigne F, Crine M, Toye D. Euler–Lagrange approach to model heterogeneities in stirred tank bioreactors – Comparison to experimental flow characterization and particle tracking. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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30
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Bates AJ, Doorly DJ, Cetto R, Calmet H, Gambaruto AM, Tolley NS, Houzeaux G, Schroter RC. Dynamics of airflow in a short inhalation. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:20140880. [PMID: 25551147 PMCID: PMC4277078 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2014.0880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During a rapid inhalation, such as a sniff, the flow in the airways accelerates and decays quickly. The consequences for flow development and convective transport of an inhaled gas were investigated in a subject geometry extending from the nose to the bronchi. The progress of flow transition and the advance of an inhaled non-absorbed gas were determined using highly resolved simulations of a sniff 0.5 s long, 1 l s⁻¹ peak flow, 364 ml inhaled volume. In the nose, the distribution of airflow evolved through three phases: (i) an initial transient of about 50 ms, roughly the filling time for a nasal volume, (ii) quasi-equilibrium over the majority of the inhalation, and (iii) a terminating phase. Flow transition commenced in the supraglottic region within 20 ms, resulting in large-amplitude fluctuations persisting throughout the inhalation; in the nose, fluctuations that arose nearer peak flow were of much reduced intensity and diminished in the flow decay phase. Measures of gas concentration showed non-uniform build-up and wash-out of the inhaled gas in the nose. At the carina, the form of the temporal concentration profile reflected both shear dispersion and airway filling defects owing to recirculation regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Bates
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- e-mail:
| | - D. J. Doorly
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - R. Cetto
- Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Otolaryngology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - H. Calmet
- Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - A. M. Gambaruto
- Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - N. S. Tolley
- Department of Otolaryngology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - G. Houzeaux
- Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC-CNS), Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - R. C. Schroter
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Šulc R, Pešava V, Ditl P. Estimating the local turbulent energy dissipation rate using 2-D PIV measurements and a 1-D energy spectrum function. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s004057951502013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kysela B, Jašíková D, Konfršt J, Šulc R, Ditl P. Estimation of turbulence dissipation rate by Large eddy PIV method in an agitated vessel. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159202045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Wang X, Feng X, Yang C, Mao ZS. Energy Dissipation Rates of Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids in a Stirred Vessel. Chem Eng Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201400003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nienow AW. Re "Development of a scale-down model of hydrodynamic stress to study the performance of an industrial CHO cell line under simulated production scale bioreactor conditions" [Sieck, J.B., Cordes, T., Budach, W.E., Rhiel, M.H., Suemeghy, Z., Leist, C., Villiger, T.K., Morbidelli, M., Soos, M., 2013. Journal of Biotechnology 164, 41-49]. J Biotechnol 2013; 171:82-4. [PMID: 24342120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alvin W Nienow
- Centre for Bioprocess Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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Soos M, Kaufmann R, Winteler R, Kroupa M, Lüthi B. Determination of maximum turbulent energy dissipation rate generated by a rushton impeller through large eddy simulation. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Soos
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - René Kaufmann
- Institute of Environmental Engineering; ETH Zurich CH 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Raphael Winteler
- Institute of Environmental Engineering; ETH Zurich CH 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Martin Kroupa
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering; Dept. of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Beat Lüthi
- Institute of Environmental Engineering; ETH Zurich CH 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- photrack AG; Am Wasser 148 8049 Zurich Switzerland
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Development of a Scale-Down Model of hydrodynamic stress to study the performance of an industrial CHO cell line under simulated production scale bioreactor conditions. J Biotechnol 2013; 164:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Gabelle JC, Morchain J, Anne-Archard D, Augier F, Liné A. Experimental determination of the shear rate in a stirred tank with a non-newtonian fluid: Carbopol. AIChE J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - D. Anne-Archard
- Université de Toulouse; INPT; UPS; IMFT; Allée C. Soula; F-31400; Toulouse; France
| | - F. Augier
- IFP Energies nouvelles; Rond-point de l'échangeur de Solaize; BP3; 69360; Solaize; France
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Eslahpazir Esfandabadi M, Wucherpfennig T, Krull R. Agitation Induced Mechanical Stress in Stirred Tank Bioreactors—Linking CFD Simulations to Fungal Morphology. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2012. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.12we019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Machado MB, Nunhez JR, Nobes D, Kresta SM. Impeller characterization and selection: Balancing efficient hydrodynamics with process mixing requirements. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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