1
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Safaeian P, Yazdian F, Khosravi-Darani K, Rashedi H, Lackner M. P3HB from CH 4 using methanotrophs: aspects of bioreactor, fermentation process and modelling for cost-effective biopolymer production. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1137749. [PMID: 37404685 PMCID: PMC10315628 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1137749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
P3HB (poly-β-hydroxybutyrate), an energy-storage compound of several microorganisms, can be used as bioplastics material. P3HB is completely biodegradable under aerobic and aerobic conditions, also in the marine environment. The intracellular agglomeration of P3HB was examined employing a methanotrophic consortium. Supplanting fossil, non-degradable polymers by P3HB can significantly reduce the environmental impact of plastics. Utilizing inexpensive carbon sources like CH4 (natural gas, biogas) is a fundamental methodology to make P3HB production less costly, and to avoid the use of primary agricultural products such as sugar or starch. Biomass growth in polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) in general and in Poly (3-hydroxybutyrate) manufacture in specific could be a foremost point, so here the authors focus on natural gas as a proper carbon source and on the selection of bioreactors to produceP3HB, and in future further PHA, from that substrate. CH4 can also be obtained from biomass, e.g., biogas, syngas methanation or power-to-gas (synthetic natural gas, SNG). Simulation software can be utilized for examination, optimizing and scale-up of the process as shown in this paper. The fermentation systems continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR), forced-liquid vertical loop bioreactor (VTLB), forced-liquid horizontal tubular loop bioreactor (HTLB), airlift (AL) fermenter and bubble column (BC) fermenter were compared for their methane conversion, kLa value, productivity, advantages and disadvantages. Methane is compared to methanol and other feedstocks. It was discovered that under optimum processing circumstances and using Methylocystis hirsuta, the cells accumulated 51.6% cell dry mass of P3HB in the VTLB setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parya Safaeian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yazdian
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kianoush Khosravi-Darani
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Rashedi
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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2
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A Turbulent Mass Diffusivity Model for Predicting Species Concentration Distribution in the Biodegradation of Phenol Wastewater in an Airlift Reactor. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a three-dimensional CFD transient model is established for predicting species concentration distribution in the biodegradation of phenol in an airlift reactor (ALR). The gas–liquid flow in the ALR is determined by the Euler–Euler method coupled with the standard k-ε model, and the bubble size is predicted by the population balance model (PBM). A turbulent mass diffusivity model is developed to simulate the turbulent mass transfer process and to predict the species concentration distribution. No empirical methods are needed as the turbulent mass diffusivity can be expressed by the concentration variance c2¯ and its dissipation rate εc. A good agreement is found between simulated and experimental results in the literature. It is not reasonable to assume a constant turbulent Schmidt number because the calculated distribution of turbulent mass diffusivity is not identical to that of turbulent viscosity. Finally, the hydrodynamic characteristics and biodegradation performance of the proposed model in a novel ALR are compared with that in the original ALR.
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3
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Helchi S, Pajoum Shariati F, Emamshoushtari MM, Sohani E, Moayed Mohseni M, Bonakdarpour B. The hydrodynamic characterization of an oval airlift open pond (AOP) in the air–water system. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2022.2150616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salar Helchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Pajoum Shariati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elnaz Sohani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moayed Mohseni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bonakdarpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Li L, Xu X, Wang W, Lau R, Wang CH. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer of concentric-tube internal loop airlift reactors: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 359:127451. [PMID: 35716864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The concentric-tube internal loop airlift reactor is a typical reactor configuration which has been adopted for a myriad of chemical and biological processes. The reactor hydrodynamics (including mixing) and the mass transfer between the gas and liquid phases remarkably affect the operational conditions and thus are crucial to the overall reactor performance. Hence, this study aims at providing a thorough description of the basic concepts and a comprehensive review of the relevant reported studies on the hydrodynamics and mass transfer of the concentric-tube internal loop airlift reactors, taking microalgae cultivation as an exemplary application. In particular, the reactor characteristics, geometry, CFD modeling, experimental characterization, and scale up considerations are elucidated. The research gaps for future research and development are also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyun Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering drive 4, 117585, Singapore
| | - Wujun Wang
- Department of Energy Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Brinellvägen 68, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Lau
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, 637459, Singapore
| | - Chi-Hwa Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering drive 4, 117585, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability Solutions for Megacities (E2S2), Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 138602, Singapore.
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5
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Panunzi A, Moroni M, Mazzelli A, Bravi M. Industrial Case-Study-Based Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Modeling of Stirred and Aerated Bioreactors. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25152-25163. [PMID: 35910169 PMCID: PMC9330224 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Industrial bioreactors featuring inadequate geometry and operating conditions may depress the effectiveness and the efficiency of the hosted bioprocess. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to find a suitable operating match between the target bioprocess and the available bioreactor. The aim of this work is to investigate the feasibility of addressing bioreactor improvement problems in the bioprocess industry with the aid of such mainstream tools as industry-standard CFD. This study illustrates how to effectively simulate both the impeller rotation and air supply and discusses the way toward model validation at the 4.1 m3 capacity scale. Referring to experimentally measured process values, the developed full-scale model successfully predicted the power draw, liquid phase level, and mixing time with errors lower than 4.6, 1.1, and 6.7%, respectively, thus suggesting the illustrated approach as a best practice design method for the bioprocess industry. The validated model was employed to improve performance by reducing the power draw in aerated conditions with a minimal operational derating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Panunzi
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Università degli studi di Roma ″La Sapienza″, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome 00184, Italy
| | - Monica Moroni
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Civile Edile e Ambientale, Università degli studi di Roma ″La Sapienza″, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome 00184, Italy
| | | | - Marco Bravi
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Chimica Materiali Ambiente, Università degli studi di Roma ″La Sapienza″, Via Eudossiana 18, Rome 00184, Italy
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6
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Shi J, Guo K, Wang Z, Zheng L, Liu H, Xiang W, Liu C, Li X. Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Hydrodynamics in a Two-Stage Internal Loop Airlift Reactor with Contraction-Expansion Guide Vane. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6981-6995. [PMID: 33748612 PMCID: PMC7970565 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Global circulation and liquid back mixing adversely affect the continuous production of a multistage internal airlift loop reactor. A contraction-expansion guide vane (CEGV) is proposed and combined with a two-stage internal loop airlift reactor (TSILALR) to suppress the liquid back mixing between stages. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation is conducted to evaluate the performance of the CEGV in the TSILALR. The bubble size distribution and turbulent flow properties in the TSILALR are considered in the CFD simulation by using the population balance model and RNG k-ε turbulence model. The CFD model is validated against the experimental results. The deviations in the gas holdup and mean bubble diameter between the simulation and experimental results are less than 8% and 6%, respectively. The streamlines, flow pattern, bubble size distribution, and axial liquid velocity in the TSILALRs with and without the CEGV at superficial velocities of 0.04 and 0.08 m/s are obtained by CFD simulation. It has been shown that the CEGV generated local circulation flows at each stage instead of a global circulation flow in the TSILALR. The average global gas holdup in the TSILALR with a CEGV increased up to 1.98 times. The global gas holdup increased from 0.045 to 0.101 and the average axial velocity in the riser decreased from 0.314 to 0.241 m/s when the width of the CEGV increased from 50 to 75 mm at the superficial gas velocity of 0.08 m/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Shi
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kai Guo
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhengchao Wang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Longyun Zheng
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenyu Xiang
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xue Li
- The
Institute of Seawater Desalination and Multipurpose Utilization, MNR
(Tianjin), Tianjin 300192, China
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7
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Marroquín-Fandiño JE, Ramírez-Acosta CM, Luna-Wandurraga HJ, Valderrama-Rincón JA, Cruz JC, Reyes LH, Valderrama-Rincon JD. Novel external-loop-airlift milliliter scale bioreactors for cell growth studies: Low cost design, CFD analysis and experimental characterization. J Biotechnol 2020; 324:71-82. [PMID: 32991936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Many researchers have limited access to fully equipped laboratory-scale batch bioreactors and chemostats due to their relatively high cost. This becomes particularly prohibitive when multiple replicas of the same experiment are required, but not enough bioreactors are available to operate simultaneously. Additionally, experiments using shaken flasks are common but show significant limitations in terms of maintaining homogeneous conditions in liquid cultures or installing instrumentation for monitoring. Here, we proposed to tackle this significant hurdle by providing a route to make available the manufacture of low-cost, milliliter-scale bioreactors. This approach seems plausible for enabling proof-of-concept experiments before moving to a larger scale without significant investments. The conceptually designed systems were based on external-loop bioreactors due to their flexibility, simplicity, and ease of assembling and testing. Designs were initially evaluated in silico with the aid of COMSOL Multiphysics. The successfully evaluated systems were then constructed via additive manufacturing and assembled for hydrodynamics testing via tracer methods. This was enabled by a newly home-made optical absorbance sensor (OAS) for in-line and real-time measurements. Both the in silico and experimental results indicated close to ideal mixing conditions and low shear stress. Cell growth curves were prepared by culturing Escherichia coli and following its cell density in real-time. Our cell growth rate and maximum cell density were similar to those previously obtained in closely related systems. Therefore, the proposed bioreactors are an affordable alternative for batch and continuous cell growth studies rapidly and inexpensively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Manuel Ramírez-Acosta
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 110311, Colombia
| | | | | | - Juan C Cruz
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 110311, Colombia
| | - Luis H Reyes
- Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 110311, Colombia
| | - Juan D Valderrama-Rincon
- Grupo GRESIA, Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, 110231, Colombia.
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8
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Naidoo N, Pauck W, Carsky M. Predicting Mass Transfer in Pilot Scale External Loop Airlift Reactors using Neural Networks. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sajce.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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9
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Esperança MN, Mendes CE, Rodriguez GY, Cerri MO, Béttega R, Badino AC. Sparger design as key parameter to define shear conditions in pneumatic bioreactors. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Nopens I, Sudrawska D, Audenaert W, Fernandes Del Pozo D, Rehman U. Water and wastewater CFD and validation: are we losing the balance? WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:1636-1645. [PMID: 32644957 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A literature screening on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling in water treatment applications showed a vast range of validation ranging from no validation at all, over residence time distribution (RTD) and tracer testing, to velocity field, species concentration and, finally, turbulence properties measurements. The validation level also differs depending on process scale (laboratory, pilot, full) and type of system (rheology, single phase vs. multiphase). Given the fact that CFD is in more widespread use, a discussion on the extent and need of validation needs to be initiated. This paper serves as a discussion starter on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Nopens
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium E-mail:
| | - D Sudrawska
- AM-TEAM, Oktrooiplein 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - W Audenaert
- AM-TEAM, Oktrooiplein 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Fernandes Del Pozo
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium E-mail:
| | - U Rehman
- BIOMATH, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium E-mail: ; AM-TEAM, Oktrooiplein 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Polyhydroxybutyrate Production from Natural Gas in A Bubble Column Bioreactor: Simulation Using COMSOL. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6030084. [PMID: 31527529 PMCID: PMC6783825 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the simulation of microorganism ability for the production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from natural gas (as a carbon source) was carried out. Based on the Taguchi algorithm, the optimum situations for PHB production from natural gas in the columnar bubble reactor with 30 cm length and 1.5 cm diameter at a temperature of 32 °C was evaluated. So, the volume ratio of air to methane of 50:50 was calculated. The simulation was carried out by COMSOL software with two-dimensional symmetric mode. Mass transfer, momentum, density-time, and density-place were investigated. The maximum production of biomass concentration reached was 1.63 g/L, which shows a 10% difference in contrast to the number of experimental results. Furthermore, the consequence of inlet gas rate on concentration and gas hold up was investigated Andres the simulation results were confirmed to experimental results with less than 20% error.
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12
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Aslanbay Guler B, Deniz I, Demirel Z, Imamoglu E. Computational fluid dynamics simulation in scaling-up of airlift photobioreactor for astaxanthin production. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 129:86-92. [PMID: 31302007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The unicellular green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates large amounts of the red ketocarotenoid astaxanthin. Aiming to cultivate these microalgae with high astaxanthin efficiency, cultivations were scaled-up from 1000 mL bottle to 2 L and 8 L airlift photobioreactor using volumetric power consumption rate (W/m3) as scale up strategy. After cultivations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was used to investigate the flow patterns, mixing efficiency and gas holdup profile within the 2 L photobioreactor. At the end, astaxanthin content was enhanced with increasing the cultivation volume and highest astaxanthin amount of 49.39 ± 1.64 mg/g cell was obtained in 8 L photobioreactor. Hydrodynamic characteristics of photobioreactor was simulated and gas holdup showed difference between the riser and the downcomer regions. Velocity profiles of air and medium had higher values inside the draft tube than obtained in downcomer region. However liquid circulation was achieved from draft tube to the downcomer, mixing was not provided effectively considering the turbulence kinetic energy. For the further research, some developments about column configuration, sparger diameter may be necessary to enhance the mixing characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Aslanbay Guler
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Irem Deniz
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Manisa Celal Bayar University, 45100 Muradiye, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Demirel
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Imamoglu
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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13
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Weber B, von Campenhausen M, Maßmann T, Bednarz A, Jupke A. CFD based compartment-model for a multiphase loop-reactor. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE: X 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2019.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14
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Esperança MN, Mendes CE, Rodriguez GY, Cerri MO, Béttega R, Badino AC. Average shear rate in airlift bioreactors: searching for the true value. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:995-1008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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15
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16
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Haringa C, Mudde RF, Noorman HJ. From industrial fermentor to CFD-guided downscaling: what have we learned? Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Wadaugsorn K, Limtrakul S, Vatanatham T, Ramachandran PA. Mixing Characteristics of Gas and Liquid Phases in Bubble Column Reactors from Virtual Tracer Simulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiattichai Wadaugsorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Industrial Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Sunun Limtrakul
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Industrial Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Terdthai Vatanatham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center of Excellence on Petrochemical and Materials Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- Center for Advanced Studies in Industrial Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Palghat A. Ramachandran
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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18
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Sadeghizadeh A, Rahimi R, Farhad Dad F. Computational fluid dynamics modeling of carbon dioxide capture from air using biocatalyst in an airlift reactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 253:154-164. [PMID: 29353746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel three-phase and three dimensional CFD model based on the Euler-Euler approach developed for modeling the hydrodynamic, mass transfer and CO2 fixation using microalgae in an internal loop airlift reactor with internal sparger. The main objective of this work was to development of CFD codes in order to simulate the CO2 biofixation process under different input gas velocity during 11 days of culture time and simulate the unsteady state mass transfer based on Surface-Renewal-Stretch (SRS) model. The CFD results were compared with the our previous experimental work and they showed good agreement with a margin of less than 10%. This paper illustrated the ability of the CFD in complex process simulation such as CO2 biofixation in the airlift reactor and provided a useful basis for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziz Sadeghizadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, P.O. Box. 98164-161, Iran
| | - Rahbar Rahimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, P.O. Box. 98164-161, Iran.
| | - Farid Farhad Dad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, P.O. Box. 98164-161, Iran
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19
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Cao T, Zhang W, Cheng J, Yang C. Comparative experimental study on reactive crystallization of Ni(OH) 2 in an airlift-loop reactor and a stirred reactor. Chin J Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Liew SY, Gimbun J. CFD Simulation on the Hydrodynamics in Gas-Liquid Airlift Reactor. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS MODELING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2017-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractTwo-fluid model approach to simulate gas-liquid airlift reactors is widely implemented but have yet to reach a consensus on the closure model to account the gas-liquid interphase forces. Proper selection of a closure model is required in order to accurately capture the hydrodynamics in the complex of the two-phase system. Our work concerns the evaluation of the interfacial forces models (i. e. drag, lift and turbulent dispersion force) and their effects on local gas holdup and liquid velocity. A transient three-dimensional airlift reactor simulation was carried out using computational fluid dynamics by implementing the dispersed standardk-εturbulence model. Four drag models governed by spherical bubble, bubble deformation and Rayleigh-Taylor were being evaluated in our work. The significance on the inclusion of the lift model on predictive accuracy on the flow field was also studied as well. Whereas, two turbulent dispersion force models were selected to evaluate on their performance in improving the predictive accuracy of the local hydrodynamics. Results showed that the drag governed by Rayleigh-Taylor which accounts the bubble swarm effect had better predictions on the gas holdup in the downcomer and improved predictions in radial gas holdup. The inclusion of the lift model improved local gas holdup predictions at higher heights of the reactor and shifted the bubble plume towards the centre region of the riser. Meanwhile, the turbulent dispersion models improved the overall results of predicted local gas holdup with closer agreement obtained when the drift velocity model was considered in the simulation. The axial liquid velocity was well predicted for all cases. The consideration of the drag, lift and turbulent dispersion forces resulted in a closer agreement with experimental data.
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21
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McClure DD, Dolton TP, Barton GW, Fletcher DF, Kavanagh JM. Hydrodynamics and mixing in airlift contactors: Experimental work and CFD modelling. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Stiriba Y, Gourich B, Vial C. Numerical modeling of ferrous iron oxidation in a split-rectangular airlift reactor. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of airlift bioreactor: effect of draft tube configurations on hydrodynamics, cell suspension, and shear rate. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 41:31-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Hernández-Calderón OM, González-Llanes MD, Rios-Iribe EY, Jiménez-Lam SA, Chavez-Parga MC, Escamilla-Silva EM. Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer Simulation in Airlift Bioreactor with Settler using Computational Fluid Dynamics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2016-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, the effect of inlet-gas superficial velocity over the circulation liquid velocity, gas holdup and mass transfer, from an airlift bioreactor with settler were studied by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling and contrasted with experimental results. Multiphase mixture model and κ-ε turbulence model were used to describe the two phases gas-liquid flow pattern in airlift bioreactor. The hydrodynamic parameters such as liquid circulation velocity and gas holdup were computed by solving the governing equations of continuity, moment and turbulence transport using the finite volume method. Global mass transfer coefficient was evaluated through the Higbie’s penetration theory and the two-phase fluid dynamic theory. Comparison between our numerical data and experimental data previously reported in the literature was done. Numerical and experimental data were very close, and the differences found were discussed in terms of the limitations of this study.
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Bednarz A, Weber B, Jupke A. Development of a CFD model for the simulation of a novel multiphase counter-current loop reactor. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Chen L, Bai Z. CFD simulation of the hydrodynamics in an industrial scale cyclohexane oxidation airlift loop reactor. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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27
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Huo X, Feng S, Liu K, Wang L, Chen W. Aerodynamic Drag Analysis of 3-DOF Flex-Gimbal GyroWheel System in the Sense of Ground Test. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16122081. [PMID: 27941602 PMCID: PMC5191062 DOI: 10.3390/s16122081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
GyroWheel is an innovative device that combines the actuating capabilities of a control moment gyro with the rate sensing capabilities of a tuned rotor gyro by using a spinning flex-gimbal system. However, in the process of the ground test, the existence of aerodynamic disturbance is inevitable, which hinders the improvement of the specification performance and control accuracy. A vacuum tank test is a possible candidate but is sometimes unrealistic due to the substantial increase in costs and complexity involved. In this paper, the aerodynamic drag problem with respect to the 3-DOF flex-gimbal GyroWheel system is investigated by simulation analysis and experimental verification. Concretely, the angular momentum envelope property of the spinning rotor system is studied and its integral dynamical model is deduced based on the physical configuration of the GyroWheel system with an appropriately defined coordinate system. In the sequel, the fluid numerical model is established and the model geometries are checked with FLUENT software. According to the diversity and time-varying properties of the rotor motions in three-dimensions, the airflow field around the GyroWheel rotor is analyzed by simulation with respect to its varying angular velocity and tilt angle. The IPC-based experimental platform is introduced, and the properties of aerodynamic drag in the ground test condition are obtained through comparing the simulation with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huo
- Control and Simulation Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Sizhao Feng
- Control and Simulation Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Kangzhi Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Libin Wang
- Control and Simulation Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Weishan Chen
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
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Pawar SB. CFD analysis of flow regimes in airlift reactor using Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. CAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.22696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay B. Pawar
- Environmental Biotechnology Division; CSIR, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI); Nagpur India
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Wadaugsorn K, Limtrakul S, Vatanatham T, Ramachandran PA. Hydrodynamic behaviors and mixing characteristics in an internal loop airlift reactor based on CFD simulation. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Ziegenhein T, Zalucky J, Rzehak R, Lucas D. On the hydrodynamics of airlift reactors, Part I: Experiments. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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31
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Pawar SB. Process Engineering Aspects of Vertical Column Photobioreactors for Mass Production of Microalgae. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.201600003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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32
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Airlift bioreactor for biological applications with microbubble mediated transport processes. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Effect of Scale on Hydrodynamics of Internal Gas-Lift Loop Reactor-Type Anaerobic Digester Using CFD. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND PROCESS MODELING 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/cppm-2015-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This work evaluates the ability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the flow and predict the hydrodynamics of internal gas-lift loop reactor (IGLR)-type anaerobic digester. In addition, it also analyzes if CFD can account for the effects of operating conditions, geometry as well as scale of the reactor. For this purpose, three-dimensional two-phase CFD simulations were performed using CFX for laboratory-scale and pilot-scale IGLR. The CFD predictions were evaluated against experimental data obtained from computer automated radioactive particle tracking (CARPT). The CFD predictions provided good qualitative but only reasonable quantitative comparison. After validation of CFD model, effect of gas flow rate, draft tube diameter, sparger geometry and reactor scale on flow pattern, liquid velocity and dead volume was investigated. Higher gas flow rates did not offer any significant advantage in increasing liquid circulation in the downcomer or decreasing the dead volume. Configuration with draft tube diameter half of tank diameter, equipped with cross sparger showed comparatively better liquid circulation than other configurations. For same superficial gas velocity, increasing the scale increases the magnitude of liquid velocity but fails to match the mixing intensity observed in laboratory scale. Different interphase forces, turbulence models and closures are also evaluated to improve the predictability of CFD models.
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Qie S, Song N, Gao F, Guo K, Huang Z, Liu C. Liquid–Liquid Extraction Performance of Multi-Stage Loop Extraction Column. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 2015. [DOI: 10.1252/jcej.14we195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Qie
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Song
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Fei Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zheqing Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
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Pi K, Huang L, Li Z, Gao L, Gerson AR. Oxygen mass transfer characteristics in an internal-loop airlift reactor with preset trumpet-shaped riser. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kewu Pi
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430068 China
- Minerals and Materials Science and Technology; Mawson Institute, University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia 5095 Australia
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430068 China
| | - Zhu Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430068 China
| | - Linxia Gao
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering; Hubei University of Technology; Wuhan Hubei 430068 China
| | - Andrea R. Gerson
- Minerals and Materials Science and Technology; Mawson Institute, University of South Australia; Adelaide South Australia 5095 Australia
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36
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Mavaddat P, Mousavi SM, Amini E, Azargoshasb H, Shojaosadati SA. Modeling and CFD-PBE simulation of an airlift bioreactor for PHB production. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.1785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poorya Mavaddat
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department; Tarbiat Modares University; PO box 14115-143 Tehran Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department; Tarbiat Modares University; PO box 14115-143 Tehran Iran
| | - Ershad Amini
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering; University of Tehran; PO Box 11155-4563 Tehran Iran
| | - Hamidreza Azargoshasb
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department; Tarbiat Modares University; PO box 14115-143 Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Shojaosadati
- Biotechnology Group, Chemical Engineering Department; Tarbiat Modares University; PO box 14115-143 Tehran Iran
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Scargiali F, Busciglio A, Cipollina A, Grisafi F, Micale G, Tamburini A, Vella G, Brucato A. Modelling and Simulation of Gas–liquid Hydrodynamics in a Rectangular Air-lift Reactor. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2013. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2012-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics is a quite well established tool for carrying out realistic simulations of process apparatuses. However, as a difference from single phase systems, for multiphase systems the development of CFD models is still in progress. Among the two-phase systems, gas–liquid systems are characterised by an additional complexity level, related to the fact that bubble sizes are not known in advance, being rather the result of formation and breakage-coalescence dynamics and therefore of complex phenomena related to flow dynamics and interfacial effects. In the present work, Euler–Euler Reynolds-averaged flow simulations of an air-lift reactor are reported. All bubbles are assumed to share the same size, and a simplified approach is adopted for modelling inter-phase momentum exchange, that involves bubble terminal velocity as the sole parameter needed. Good agreement between simulation results and literature experimental data is found for all the gas flow rates simulated. This result implies that, despite the many simplifications that have to be adopted in order to make them viable, fully predictive CFD simulations of gas–liquid systems can give rise to reasonably accurate predictions of reactor fluid dynamics.
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38
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Xing C, Wang T, Wang J. Experimental study and numerical simulation with a coupled CFD–PBM model of the effect of liquid viscosity in a bubble column. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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