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Fu P, Li P, Hu Y. A general numerical model of leukocyte adhesion in microchannels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 38:e3606. [PMID: 35488511 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion on the vascular endothelium plays an important role in human immune system and reflects the physiological condition of a human body. In this paper, a generally implementable dynamic adhesion model based on the length limit of microvilli was developed to explore the behavior of a suspended leukocyte's adhesion process under microchannel shear flow. Simulations showed that the whole adhesion process can be divided into cell sedimentation, preliminary adhesion and stable dynamic adhesion stages. The cell tumbling kinetics, cell deformation, cell adhesion area and adhesion force were studied under the conditions of various bond strength, cell membrane surface tension, inlet flow velocity and cytoplasmic viscosity. Results showed that the bond strength affects the cell tumbling behaviors differently by changing the adhesion force. The cell with lower membrane surface tension induces a larger adhesion area, and eventually results in a greater adhesion and a lower cell tumbling velocity. The flow velocity changes cell velocity through the flow viscous force during the whole adhesion process. The cytoplasmic viscosity affects adhesion mainly in the preliminary adhesion stage by changing the cell deformation rate but has slight effect on the stabilized dynamic adhesion on cells. This study provides a simple theoretical basis to further clarify the mechanism of cell behaviors under stress and adhesion and becomes one of the prerequisites for study of tissue inflammation, wound healing, and disease treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yandong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Ostrikov K, Kashani MN, Vasilev K, MacGregor MN. Fluid Flow Dependency in Immunoselective Cell Capture via Liquid Biopsy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12388-12396. [PMID: 34596407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy targets rare cells that overexpress disease-specific membrane markers and capture these cells via immunoaffinity. The diagnosis efficiency of liquid biopsy can be impaired by the presence of healthy adherent cells also expressing the same biomarkers. Here, we investigated the effect of settling times and rinsing flow rates on the efficiency of EpCAM-based immunocapture using both simulation and experiments with three different cell types. Cell-surface adhesion forces and shear rates were calculated to define the range of rinsing flow rates to test experimentally. Healthy adherent cells did not adhere to blocked immunofunctionalized surfaces within the timeframe of the experiment; however, healthy EpCAM positive cells did bind to the surface to some extent. The greatest difference in capture efficiency was obtained using a high rinsing flow rate of 25 mL/min following 40 min static incubation, indicating that optimizing rinsing flow rates could be a viable option to capture, more specifically, cancer cells overexpressing EpCAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kola Ostrikov
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
| | - Moein Navvab Kashani
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
- South Australian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes 5095, Australia
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Luo ZY, Bai BF. State diagram for adhesion dynamics of deformable capsules under shear flow. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6918-6925. [PMID: 27492192 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01697a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the significance of understanding the underlying mechanisms of cell adhesion in biological processes and cell capture in biomedical applications, we numerically investigate the adhesion dynamics of deformable capsules under shear flow by using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic model. This model is based on the coupling of the front tracking-finite element method for elastic mechanics of the capsule membrane and the adhesion kinetics simulation for adhesive interactions between capsules and functionalized surfaces. Using this model, three distinct adhesion dynamic states are predicted, such as detachment, rolling and firm-adhesion. Specifically, the effects of capsule deformability quantified by the capillary number on the transitions of these three dynamic states are investigated by developing an adhesion dynamic state diagram for the first time. At low capillary numbers (e.g. Ca < 0.0075), whole-capsule deformation confers the capsule a flattened bottom in contact with the functionalized surface, which hence promotes the rolling-to-firm-adhesion transition. It is consistent with the observations from previous studies that cell deformation promotes the adhesion of cells lying in the rolling regime. However, it is surprising to find that, at relatively high capillary numbers (e.g. 0.0075 < Ca < 0.0175), the effect of capsule deformability on its adhesion dynamics is far more complex than just promoting adhesion. High deformability of capsules makes their bottom take a concave shape with no adhesion bond formation in the middle. The appearance of this specific capsule shape inhibits the transitions of both rolling-to-firm-adhesion and detachment-to-rolling, and it means that capsule deformation no longer promotes the capsule adhesion. Besides, it is interesting to note that, when the capillary number exceeds a critical value (e.g. Ca = 0.0175), the rolling state no longer appears, since capsules exhibit large deviation from the spherical shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Feng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.
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Luo Z, Guven S, Gozen I, Chen P, Tasoglu S, Anchan RM, Bai B, Demirci U. Deformation of a single mouse oocyte in a constricted microfluidic channel. MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS 2015; 19:883-890. [PMID: 26696793 PMCID: PMC4684828 DOI: 10.1007/s10404-015-1614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single oocyte manipulation in microfluidic channels via precisely controlled flow is critical in microfluidic-based in vitro fertilization. Such systems can potentially minimize the number of transfer steps among containers for rinsing as often performed during conventional in vitro fertilization and can standardize protocols by minimizing manual handling steps. To study shape deformation of oocytes under shear flow and its subsequent impact on their spindle structure is essential for designing microfluidics for in vitro fertilization. Here, we developed a simple yet powerful approach to (i) trap a single oocyte and induce its deformation through a constricted microfluidic channel, (ii) quantify oocyte deformation in real-time using a conventional microscope, and (iii) retrieve the oocyte from the microfluidic device to evaluate changes in their spindle structures. We found that oocytes can be significantly deformed under high flow rates, e.g., 10 μl/min in a constricted channel with a width and height of 50 and 150 μm, respectively. Oocyte spindles can be severely damaged, as shown here by immunocytochemistry staining of the microtubules and chromosomes. The present approach can be useful to investigate underlying mechanisms of oocyte deformation exposed to well-controlled shear stresses in microfluidic channels, which enables a broad range of applications for reproductive medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhengYuan Luo
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, 02139, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Sinan Guven
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, 02139, USA
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Irep Gozen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Pu Chen
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, 02139, USA
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Savas Tasoglu
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Raymond M Anchan
- Center for Infertility and Reproductive Surgery, Obstetrics Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - BoFeng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA, 02139, USA
- Demirci Bio-Acoustic MEMS in Medicine (BAMM) Lab, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Canary Center for Early Cancer Detection, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
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HASSANI-ARDEKANI HAJAR, NIROOMAND-OSCUII HANIEH, KHISMATULLIN DAMIR. COMPUTATIONAL DETERMINATION OF THE DETACHMENT TIME OF THE LEUKOCYTE UNDER DIFFERENT KINETIC DISSOCIATION RATE PARAMETERS. J BIOL SYST 2015. [DOI: 10.1142/s0218339015500230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional simulation of the leukocyte detachment subjected to blood flow is presented. The initially captured leukocyte is modeled as a sphere adhered to the bottom wall of a cylindrical vessel via receptor/ligand bonds (P-selectin/PSGL-1). Ansys Parametric Design Language is used to create the geometrical model and couple the Navier–Stokes flow solver with structural equations and the Monte Carlo equation to define the stochastic breakage of the bonds. The assumption of equal forces on bonds has been ignored and the force on each bond is obtained from the balance between hydrodynamic forces and cellular viscoelasticity at every time step. In this model, catch-slip behavior of the P-selectin/PSGL-1 is considered by using the two-pathway dissociation model instead of the Bell model to define the rate of dissociation of each bond. Detachment time of the leukocyte is the time elapsed until all the bonds break. The effects of various values of blood inlet velocities, bond stiffness and kinetic properties of the catch bonds on the detachment time of the leukocyte are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - DAMIR KHISMATULLIN
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tulane University New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
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Zhang JM, Luo T, Tan SY, Lomarda AM, Wong ASL, Keng FYJ, Allen JC, Huo Y, Su B, Zhao X, Wan M, Kassab GS, Tan RS, Zhong L. Hemodynamic analysis of patient-specific coronary artery tree. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2015; 31:e02708. [PMID: 25630671 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.2708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Local hemodynamic parameters, such as wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index and relative resident time (RRT), have been linked to coronary plaque initiation and progression. In this study, a left coronary artery tree model was reconstructed from computed tomography angiography images of a patient with multiple stenoses. The geometry of the coronary artery tree model was virtually restored by eliminating the lesions, essentially re-creating the virtually healthy artery anatomy. Using numerical simulations, flow characteristics and hemodynamic parameter distributions in the stenosed and virtually healthy models were investigated. In the virtually healthy artery model, disturbed flows were found at four locations, prone to initialization of plaque formation. Low WSS and high RRT were exhibited in three of the four locations, and high WSS and low RRT were exhibited in the fourth. These findings suggest that coronary plaque is more likely to form in locations with disturbed flow conditions characterized by low WSS and high RRT or high WSS and low RRT. In addition, clinical index of fractional flow reserve was found to significantly correlate with blood flow rate, rather than anatomic parameters, such as diameter stenosis, which implied the importance of hemodynamic environment in stenosis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Mei Zhang
- National Heart Center Singapore, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
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Luo ZY, He L, Wang SQ, Tasoglu S, Xu F, Demirci U, Bai BF. Two-dimensional numerical study of flow dynamics of a nucleated cell tethered under shear flow. Chem Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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HE L, LUO ZY, XU F, BAI BF. EFFECT OF FLOW ACCELERATION ON DEFORMATION AND ADHESION DYNAMICS OF CAPTURED CELLS. J MECH MED BIOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219519413400022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell deformation and adhesion under shear flows play an important role in both cell migration in vivo and capture based microfluidic devices in vitro. Adhesion dynamics of captured cell (e.g., firm adhesion, cell rolling and cell detachment) under steady shear flows have been studied extensively. However, cell adhesion under accelerating flows is common both in vivo and in vitro, and dynamics of cell adhesion under accelerating flows remains unknown. As such, we used a mathematical model based on the front tracking method and investigated the effect of flow acceleration on deformation and adhesion dynamics of captured cells, including cell deformation index, cell shape evolution, the velocities of cell center, contact time and wall shear stress for cell rolling and detachment by using a series of parameter values for leukocyte. The results showed that the cell presented three dynamics states (i.e., firm adhesion, rolling and detachment) with increasing wall shear stress under uniform flows. Wall shear stresses were < 0.56 Pa and > 1.12 Pa for firm adhesion and detachment, respectively. The wall shear stresses were at the range 1.48–1.63 Pa (higher than 1.12 Pa) when cell left the bottom surface of the channel under flow accelerations (a = 0.975–1.625 m/s2). The minimum of deformation index under accelerating flow was smaller than that under uniform flow. In conclusion, the flow acceleration promotes the deformation and adhesion of captured cells. These findings could further the understanding of cell migration in vivo and promote the development of capture based microfluidic devices in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. HE
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, P. R. China
| | - Z. Y. LUO
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, P. R. China
| | - F. XU
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - B. F. BAI
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, P. R. China
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Luo ZY, Wang SQ, He L, Xu F, Bai BF. Inertia-dependent dynamics of three-dimensional vesicles and red blood cells in shear flow. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:9651-9660. [PMID: 26029774 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm51823j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional (3D) simulation study of the effect of inertia on the dynamics of vesicles and red blood cells (RBCs) has not been reported. Here, we developed a 3D model based on the front tracking method to investigate how inertia affects the dynamics of spherical/non-spherical vesicles and biconcave-shaped RBCs with the Reynolds number ranging from 0.1 to 10. The results showed that inertia induced non-spherical vesicles transitioned from tumbling to swinging, which was not observed in previous 2D models. The critical viscosity ratio of inner/outer fluids for the tumbling–swinging transition remarkably increased with an increasing Reynolds number. The deformation of vesicles was greatly enhanced by inertia, and the frequency of tumbling and tank-treading was significantly decreased by inertia. We also found that RBCs can transit from tumbling to steady tank-treading through the swinging regime when the Reynolds number increased from 0.1 to 10. These results indicate that inertia needs to be considered at moderate Reynolds number (Re ~ 1) in the study of blood flow in the human body and the flow of deformable particle suspension in inertial microfluidic devices. The developed 3D model provided new insights into the dynamics of RBCs under shear flow, thus holding great potential to better understand blood flow behaviors under normal/disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
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