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Prado-Acebo I, Cubero-Cardoso J, Lu-Chau TA, Eibes G. Integral multi-valorization of agro-industrial wastes: A review. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 183:42-52. [PMID: 38714121 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
Agriculture and industries related to the agriculture sector generate a large amount of waste each year. These wastes are usually burned or dumped, causing damage to the environment, the economy and society. Due to their composition, they have great potential for obtaining high value-added products in biorefineries. This fact, added to the growing demand for energy and chemicals from fossil resources, is driving the interest of the scientific community in them. Biorefinery processes are hardly profitable when applied individually, so a better alternative is to develop integrated multi-feedstock and multi-product biorefinery schemes using all biomass fractions in a zero-waste approach. However, for industrial scale application, extensive research, scale-up studies, and techno-economic and environmental feasibility analyses are needed. This review compiles information on integrated multi-biorefinery processes from agro-industrial wastes to shed light on the path towards sustainable development and circular bioeconomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Prado-Acebo
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Juan Cubero-Cardoso
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; Laboratory of Sustainable and Circular Technology, CIDERTA and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus de ''El Carmen", University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain.
| | - Thelmo A Lu-Chau
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
| | - Gemma Eibes
- CRETUS, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain
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2
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González-Contreras M, Hernández-Escoto H, Aguilar-Garnica E. A comprehensive analysis of bioethanol and ethyl lactate joint production in second-generation biorefinery: Simulation, techno-economic, and profitability assessments. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129470. [PMID: 37429556 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Second-generation biorefineries (2GBR) represent an innovative application of bioresources technologies to produce bioenergy and valuable products. This paper aims to introduce and analyze the joint production of bioethanol and ethyl lactate in a 2GBR. Techno-economic and profitability perspectives are considered in the analysis which is conducted via simulation considering corn stover as raw material. A key aspect in the analysis is a joint production parameter named α, whose values can dictate either the sole production of bioethanol (α = 0), joint production (0 < α < 1), or the unique production of ethyl lactate (α = 1). In other words, the proposed joint production scheme provides versatility in production. Simulations show that the lowest Total Capital Investment, Unit Production Cost, and Operating Cost values were associated with low values of α. Furthermore, when α ≥ 0.4, the 2GBR under study can achieve internal rates of return above 30%, which implies that the project offers a potentially high profitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés González-Contreras
- Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, 1201 Av. Patria, 44100 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Héctor Hernández-Escoto
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36050, Mexico
| | - Efrén Aguilar-Garnica
- Departamento de Ciencias Biotecnológicas y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, 1201 Av. Patria, 44100 Guadalajara, Mexico.
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3
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Conceptual Design of an Autotrophic Multi-Strain Microalgae-Based Biorefinery: Preliminary Techno-Economic and Life Cycle Assessments. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae represent a promising solution in addressing the impacts associated with the current agricultural and manufacturing practices which are causing irreparable environmental damage. Microalgae have considerable biosynthetic potential, being a rich source of lipids, proteins, and high-value compounds. Under the scope of the H2020-BBI MULTI-STR3AM project, an innovative large-scale production system of valuable commodities for the food, feed, and fragrance sectors is being developed on the basis of microalgae, reducing costs, increasing the scale of production, and boosting value chain sustainability. In this work, we aimed to create a process model that can mimic an industrial plant to estimate mass and energy balances, optimize scheduling, and calculate production costs for a large-scale plant. Three autotrophic microalgae strains (Nannochloropsis sp., Dunaliella sp. and Spirulina sp.) were considered for this assessment, as well as the use of locally sourced CO2 (flue gas). The developed process model is a useful tool for obtaining the data required for techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) of industrial biorefinery-based processes. Nannochloropsis sp. was the most economic option, whereas Dunaliella sp. was the most expensive strain to produce due to its lower productivity. Preliminary environmental assessments of the climate change impact category revealed that water recirculation and the use of flue gas could lead to values of 5.6, 10.6, and 9.2 kgCO2eq·kgAFDW−1 for Nannochloropsis sp., Dunaliella sp., and Spirulina sp., respectively, with electricity and NaCl as the main contributors. The obtained data allow for the quantification of the production costs and environmental impacts of the microalgal biomass fractions produced, which will be fundamental for future comparison studies and in determining if they are higher or lower than those of the replaced products. The process model developed in this work provides a useful tool for the evaluation and optimization of large-scale microalgae production systems.
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Tadioto V, Deoti JR, Müller C, de Souza BR, Fogolari O, Purificação M, Giehl A, Deoti L, Lucaroni AC, Matsushika A, Treichel H, Stambuk BU, Alves Junior SL. Prospecting and engineering yeasts for ethanol production under inhibitory conditions: an experimental design analysis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022:10.1007/s00449-022-02812-x. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02812-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Kumar Awasthi M, Yan B, Sar T, Gómez-García R, Ren L, Sharma P, Binod P, Sindhu R, Kumar V, Kumar D, Mohamed BA, Zhang Z, Taherzadeh MJ. Organic waste recycling for carbon smart circular bioeconomy and sustainable development: A review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 360:127620. [PMID: 35840028 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of sustainable and low carbon impact processes for a suitable management of waste and by-products coming from different factors of the industrial value chain like agricultural, forestry and food processing industries. Implementing this will helps to avoid the negative environmental impact and global warming. The application of the circular bioeconomy (CB) and the circular economic models have been shown to be a great opportunity for facing the waste and by-products issues by bringing sustainable processing systems which allow to the value chains be more responsible and resilient. In addition, biorefinery approach coupled to CB context could offer different solution and insights to conquer the current challenges related to decrease the fossil fuel dependency as well as increase efficiency of resource recovery and processing cost of the industrial residues. It is worth to remark the important role that the biotechnological processes such as fermentative, digestive and enzymatic conversions play for an effective waste management and carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.
| | - Binghua Yan
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Taner Sar
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, Borås 50190, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Gómez-García
- Universidade Cat́olica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laborat́orio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liheng Ren
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create way 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technology Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
| | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Department of Food Technology, TKM Institute of Technology, Kollam 691 505, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, 402Walters Hall, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Badr A Mohamed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
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6
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Continuous Bioethanol Production by Fungi and Yeast Working in Tandem. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15124338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biofuel is considered one of the most viable alternatives to fossil fuels derived from the dwindling petroleum resources that damage the environment. Bioethanol could be manufactured from agricultural wastes, thus providing inexpensive natural resources. Several strategies have been utilized to convert lignocellulosic hydrolysate to bioethanol with various suspended microorganisms. In this study, we alternatively propose to encapsulate these microorganisms in bioreactor setups. An immobilized cell system can provide resistance to the inhibitors present in hydrolysates, enhance productivity, facilitate the separation process, and improve microorganism recycling. Herein, we developed a continuous bioethanol production process by encapsulating three types of micro-organisms: T. reesei, S. cerevisiae, and P. stipitis. These microorganisms were encapsulated in SBP (“Small Bioreactor Platform”) capsules and tested for their viability post encapsulation, biological activity, and bioethanol production. Encapsulating microorganisms in SBP capsules provided a confined protective environment for the microorganisms, facilitated their acclimation, and ensured their long-term prosperity and activity. An additional significant benefit of utilizing SBP capsules was the simultaneous availability of saccharification and fermentation over a very long time—about 2.5–3 months—with no need to renew the cells or encapsulating matrices. Two different configurations were tested. The first one consisted of columns packed with fungal cells and specific yeast cells together. In the second configuration, the fungal cells were separated from the yeast cells into two columns in series. The presented systems achieved an efficiency of 60–70%, suggesting the long-term prosperity and uninterrupted metabolic activity of the microorganisms.
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7
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Software tools for microalgae biorefineries: Cultivation, separation, conversion process integration, modeling, and optimization. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Aristizábal-Marulanda V, Solarte-Toro JC, Cardona Alzate CA. Study of biorefineries based on experimental data: production of bioethanol, biogas, syngas, and electricity using coffee-cut stems as raw material. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:24590-24604. [PMID: 32594433 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09804-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Energy-driven biorefineries can be designed considering biotechnological and thermochemical conversion pathways. Nevertheless, energy and environmental comparisons are necessary to establish the best way to upgrade lignocellulosic biomass and set the requirements of these processes in different scenarios. This paper aims to evaluate experimentally a biorefinery producing energy vectors using coffee-cut stems (CCS) as feedstock. The obtained yields were the basis for energy and environmental analysis, in two different biorefinery scenarios: (i) production of bioethanol and biogas and (ii) production of syngas and electricity. The energy results indicated that the overall energy efficiency calculated in the first scenario was only 9.15%. Meanwhile, the second biorefinery configuration based on thermochemical routes presented an energy efficiency value of 70.89%. This difference was attributed to the higher consumption of utilities in the biorefinery based on biotechnological routes. The environmental results showed that the impact category of climate change for the first biorefinery (i.e., 0.0193 kg CO2 eq./MJ) had a lower value than that of the second process (i.e., 0.2377 kg CO2 eq./MJ). Thus, the biorefinery based on the biotechnological route presented a better environmental performance. Additionally, the results for both biorefineries allowed concluding that the inclusion of by-products and co-products in the calculation of the environmental analysis can dramatically affect the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Aristizábal-Marulanda
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Zip Code: 170003, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
- Facultad de Tecnologías, Escuela de Tecnología Química, Grupo Desarrollo de Procesos Químicos, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Juan Camilo Solarte-Toro
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Zip Code: 170003, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia
| | - Carlos Ariel Cardona Alzate
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Zip Code: 170003, Manizales, Caldas, Colombia.
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9
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Meramo
Hurtado SI, Puello P, Cabarcas A. Technical Evaluation of a Levulinic Acid Plant Based on Biomass Transformation under Techno-Economic and Exergy Analyses. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:5627-5641. [PMID: 33681602 PMCID: PMC7931420 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Levulinic acid (LA) recently has attracted much attention as a promising biorefinery platform due to its potential to be economical and sustainable. This paper addresses technical, techno-economic, and exergetic analyses of an industrial LA production via acid-catalyzed dehydration. The process was simulated through Aspen Plus, considering a processing capacity of 15,175.60 kg/h of banana empty fruit bunches. The global productivity yield was 25.56%, producing 3883.13 kg/h of LA. The techno-economic analysis evidenced that this process may be an attractive alternative for biomass valorization, considering the obtained financial results. This process's total production cost was 0.178 $USD per kilogram of biomass and a total annualized cost of $USD 29,163,638.95. Exergy analysis revealed that this process had an irreversibility rate of 1.48 × 105 MJ/h. The pretreatment stage presented the lowest exergetic efficiency. Globally, the exergy efficiency was 53.76%, which is within the reported results for analogous biomass transformation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Isaac Meramo
Hurtado
- Samir
I. Meramo-Hurtado, Research Group on Information Technology, Modeling,
and Simulation (GITEMOS), Systems Engineering Program, Universidad de Cartagena, 30th Street #39b-192, 130001 Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Plinio Puello
- Plinio
Puello, Research Group on Information Technology, Modeling, and Simulation
(GITEMOS), Systems Engineering Program, Universidad de Cartagena, 30th Street #39b-192, 130001 Cartagena, Colombia
| | - Amaury Cabarcas
- Amaury
Cabarcas, Research Group in Communication Technologies and Informatics
(GIMATICA), Systems Engineering Program, University of Cartagena, 30th Street #39b-192, 130001 Cartagena, Colombia
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10
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Utilization of sugarcane factories’ wastes as inexpensive source of nutrients and CO2 for microalgal biomass production: process coupling and potential evaluation. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOne approach for the viable production of algal biomass is to couple its production with wastewater treatment plants, power and/or industrial plants. This is intended towards the utilization of the nutrients and the CO2 in the wastewater and in the flue gases of the industry respectively by the microalgae during their growth. In the present study microalgal biomass production was conceptually coupled with a sugar factory. The potential of the wastewater and the flue gas of the factory to support the growth of the microalgae was evaluated. Likewise the possible reduction of pollution by the microalgae was studied. The outputs from the coupled process were determined using the material and energy balance approach with a spread sheet. The cultivation model shows that 12 mg of total nitrogen (TN) and 7.4 mg of total phosphorus (TP) per liter of wastewater could be transferred to the algal growth ponds. It was found that there is a nitrogen deficit in the wastewater. With the supply of makeup nutrient, 120.5 tons/year microalgal biomass could be produced from the coupled process. Application of the assumptions resulted in the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) (mg O2/L) from 2200 to 447, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) (mg O2/L) from 1200 to 207, TN (mg/L) from 15 to 0.6 and, TP (mg/L) from 10 to 1.5 in the wastewater. Integration of the sugarcane processing factories with algal biomass production is important for both biomass production and bioremediation.
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Pôjo V, Tavares T, Malcata FX. Processing Methodologies of Wet Microalga Biomass Toward Oil Separation: An Overview. Molecules 2021; 26:641. [PMID: 33530628 PMCID: PMC7866146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main goals of Mankind is to ensure food system sustainability-including management of land, soil, water, and biodiversity. Microalgae accordingly appear as an innovative and scalable alternative source in view of the richness of their chemical profiles. In what concerns lipids in particular, microalgae can synthesize and accumulate significant amounts of fatty acids, a great fraction of which are polyunsaturated; this makes them excellent candidates within the framework of production and exploitation of lipids by various industrial and health sectors, either as bulk products or fine chemicals. Conventional lipid extraction methodologies require previous dehydration of microalgal biomass, which hampers economic feasibility due to the high energy demands thereof. Therefore, extraction of lipids directly from wet biomass would be a plus in this endeavor. Supporting processes and methodologies are still limited, and most approaches are empirical in nature-so a deeper mechanistic elucidation is a must, in order to facilitate rational optimization of the extraction processes. Besides circumventing the current high energy demands by dehydration, an ideal extraction method should be selective, sustainable, efficient, harmless, and feasible for upscale to industrial level. This review presents and discusses several pretreatments incurred in lipid extraction from wet microalga biomass, namely recent developments and integrated processes. Unfortunately, most such developments have been proven at bench-scale only-so demonstration in large facilities is still needed to confirm whether they can turn into competitive alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Pôjo
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (V.P.); (F.X.M.)
| | - Tânia Tavares
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (V.P.); (F.X.M.)
| | - Francisco Xavier Malcata
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (V.P.); (F.X.M.)
- FEUP—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-264 Porto, Portugal
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12
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Lignocellulose Biomass as a Multifunctional Tool for Sustainable Catalysis and Chemicals: An Overview. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, the theme of environmental preservation plays an important role within the activities of the scientific community and influences the choices of politics and the common population. In this context, the use of non-fossil substances should be promoted for different reasons: to avoid the depletion and damage of the areas involved in the fossil fuel extraction, decrease the impact of emissions/by-products related to the industrial transformation of fossil-based products and possibly exploit residual biomasses as sources of carbon. This latter aspect also can be viewed as a way to revalorize lignocellulose waste, generally destined to dump as putrescible matter or to be incinerated. In this review, we are aiming to present a concise overview of the multiple functions of lignocellulose biomass in the broad field of catalysis for a sustainable development. The originality of the approach is considering the lignocellulose-derived matter in three different aspects: (i) as a precursor to convert into platform molecules, (ii) as an active material (i.e., humic-like substances as photosensitizers) and (iii) as a green support for catalytic applications. We find that this perspective can widen the awareness level of scientists involved in the catalysis field for the exploitation of residual biomass as a valuable and complementary resource.
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Circumventing Unintended Impacts of Waste N95 Facemask Generated during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Design Approach. CHEMENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering4030054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The global crisis arising from the current COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a surge in the magnitude of global waste from used Personal Protective Equipment with special emphasis on waste N95 facemask. Creative approaches are therefore required to resolve the surging facemask waste disposal issue in an economical and environmentally friendly manner. In an attempt to resolve the evolving global waste challenge, the present study has assessed the economic and environmental performances of converting N95 facemasks to steam and electricity via a combined heat and power plant, to ethanol via a syngas fermentation process, and to an energy-dense gasoline-like oil product via a hydrothermal liquefaction process. These processes were assessed using “conceptual” process models developed using ASPEN plus as the process simulation tool. Economic and environment assessments were undertaken using net present values (NPVs) and the rate of potential environmental impacts (PEIs) respectively, as sufficient performance measures. Therefore, the present study was able to establish that the conversion of waste N95 facemask to syngas prior to a fermentation process for ethanol production constituted the least economical and least environmental friendly process with a negative NPV and the highest rate of PEI (1.59 PEI/h) value calculated. The NPV values calculated for N95 facemask waste conversion to steam and electricity and energy-dense oil processes were US$ 36.6 × 106 and US$ 53 × 106 respectively, suggesting the preference for the production of a valuable energy-dense oil product. Furthermore, it was observed that when the environmental performance of both processes was considered, rates of PEIs of 1.20 and 0.28 PEI/h were estimated for the energy-dense oil production process and the steam and electricity generation process, respectively. Therefore, the study was able to establish that the utilisation of waste N95 facemask for steam and electricity generation and for generating an energy-dense oil product are both promising approaches that could aid in the resolution of the waste issue if both environmental and economic performances constitute crucial considerations.
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14
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Pre-feasibility analysis of the production of mucic acid from orange peel waste under the biorefinery concept. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Meramo-Hurtado SI, Puello P, Cabarcas A. Process Analysis of Hydrogen Production via Biomass Gasification under Computer-Aided Safety and Environmental Assessments. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19667-19681. [PMID: 32803062 PMCID: PMC7424729 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The growing awareness to advance new ways to transform renewable materials for producing clean fuels, under technical and sustainable viability, is evident. In this regard, hydrogen arises as one of the cleanest and energetic biofuels in the market. This work addresses the modeling and evaluation of a biomass gasification topology employing process simulation along with an environmental and inherent safety analysis. The presented pathway considered two renewable raw materials (cassava and rice waste) based on their vast availability in north Colombia regions. We employed Aspen Plus process simulation software to model the process, setting biomasses (and ash content) as nonconventional solids in the software and inclusion of FORTRAN subroutines for handling solid properties. Otherwise, the environmental evaluation was performed applying the waste reduction algorithm (WAR). At the same time, safety assessment involves a comprehensive approach based on the inherent safety index (ISI) and the process route index (PRI) methods. Data generated from the implementation of rigorous process simulation of biomass gasification allowed us to determine the needed aspect for performing process analysis methodologies. Results revealed that this topology generates a total flow of 3944.51 kg/h with more than 97% vol of H2, from the sustainable use of 19,243 kg/h of cassava waste and 15,000 kg/h of rice straw. From the environmental viewpoint, the process showed moderately to a high overall rate of potential environmental impacts (PEIs), with a higher contribution from process sources than energy sources. It indicates that most of the generated impacts would come from self-operation than from the energy supply generation. In the case of process safety, the topology obtained an ISI score of 35, which represents that modeled gasification would operate below 50% of the expected neutral standard for a physical-chemical process. Complementing the safety evaluation, the obtained PRI suggests that compared to other processes, the analyzed topology shows relatively adequate performance considering the nature of this type of process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir I. Meramo-Hurtado
- Bussines
Management and Productivity Research Group, Industrial Engineering
Program, Fundación Universitaria
Colombo International, Av. Pedro Heredia Sector Cuatro Vientos #31-50, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
| | - Plinio Puello
- Research
Group in Information Technologies, Entrepreneurship, and Society (GITICES),
Department of Systems Engineering Program, University of Cartagena, 30th Street #39b-192. Cartagena 130001, Colombia
| | - Amaury Cabarcas
- Research
Group in Communication Technologies and Informatics (GIMATICA), Systems
Engineering Program, University of Cartagena, 30th Street, #39b-192, Cartagena 130001, Colombia
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16
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Meramo-Hurtado S, González-Delgado ÁD, Rehmann L, Quiñones-Bolaños E, Mehrvar M. Comparison of Biobutanol Production Pathways via Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol Fermentation Using a Sustainability Exergy-Based Metric. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:18710-18730. [PMID: 32775873 PMCID: PMC7407575 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of sustainability aspects into the design of chemical processes has been increasing since the last century. Hence, there are several proposed methodologies and indicators to assess chemical facilities through process analysis techniques. A comprehensive assessment involving economic, environmental, safety, and exergy parameters of two alternatives for butanol production from Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava waste) is presented in this study. The modeling of process topologies involved using Aspen Plus software. Topology 1 generated a product flow rate of 316,477 t/y of butanol, while this value was 367,037 t/y for topology 2. Both processes used a feed flow of 3,131,439 t/y of biomass. This study used seven technical indicators to evaluate both alternatives, which include the return of investment, discounted payback period, global warming potential, renewability material index, inherent safety index, exergy efficiency, and exergy of waste ratio. Otherwise, this study implemented an aggregate index to assess overall sustainability performance. The results revealed that topology 2 presented higher economic normalized scores for evaluated indicators, but the most crucial difference between these designs came from the safety and exergetic indexes. Topology 1 and topology 2 obtained weighted scores equaling to 0.48 and 0.53; therefore, this study found that the second alternative gives a more sustainable design for butanol production under evaluated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir
I. Meramo-Hurtado
- Bussines Management
and Productivity Research Group, Industrial Engineering Program, Fundación Universitaria Colombo International, Av. Pedro Heredia Sector Cuatro
Vientos #31-50, Cartagena 130000, Colombia
| | - Ángel D. González-Delgado
- Nanomaterials and
Computer-Aided Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering Program, Universidad de Cartagena, Piedra
de Bolívar. Street 30 # 48-152, Cartagena 130000, Colombia
| | - Lars Rehmann
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London N6A 5B9, Canada
| | | | - Mehrab Mehrvar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto M5B 2K3, Canada
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17
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Wieczorek N, Kucuker MA, Büscher N, Kuchta K. Outdoor cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana in third generation biorefinery: Resource savings through medium recycling. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 310:123403. [PMID: 32339891 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of resource requirements for the outdoor cultivation of Chlorella sorokiniana using 180 L flat panel photobioreactors through medium recycling was investigated in this study. Without medium recycling, algae grew in 13.6 d from 0.92 to 5.32 gL-1with a productivity of 0.32 gL-1d-1. For the production of 748 g algae dry weight (DW), 152gkg-1 N, 27 gkg-1 P and 231 Lkg-1 water were needed. A realistic cultivation model with the recycling of medium and a productivity of 0.4 gL-1d-1 was set up based on experimental data, in which the requirements decreased to 104gkg-1 N, 24 gkg-1 P and 141 Lkg-1 water. Compared to the production of lutein-containing plant Tagetes erecta, water and potassium requirements of up to 91% less and 96% respectively and higher biomass productivity by the factor 3.7 was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Wieczorek
- TUHH - Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resource Management, Harburger Schloßstr, 36 - 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mehmet Ali Kucuker
- Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 17020 Çanakkale, Turkey.
| | - Niclas Büscher
- TUHH - Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resource Management, Harburger Schloßstr, 36 - 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kuchta
- TUHH - Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Waste Resource Management, Harburger Schloßstr, 36 - 21079 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Aguilar‐Veloz LM, Calderón‐Santoyo M, Vázquez González Y, Ragazzo‐Sánchez JA. Application of essential oils and polyphenols as natural antimicrobial agents in postharvest treatments: Advances and challenges. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:2555-2568. [PMID: 32566173 PMCID: PMC7300048 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of natural antimicrobial agents is an attractive ecological alternative to the synthetic fungicides applied to control pathogens during postharvest. In order to improve industrial production systems, postharvest research has evolved toward integration with science and technology aspects. Thus, the present review aims to draw attention to the achieved advances and challenges must be overcome, to promote application of essential oils and polyphenols as antimicrobial agents, against phytopathogens and foodborne microorganisms during postharvest. Besides that, it attempts to highlight the use of coating and encapsulation techniques as emerging methods that improve their effectiveness. The integral knowledge about the vegetable systems, molecular mechanisms of pathogens and mechanisms of these substances would ensure more efficient in vitro and in vivo experiences. Finally, the cost-benefit, toxicity, and ecotoxicity evaluation will be guaranteed the successful implementation and commercialization of these technologies, as a sustainable alternative to minimize production losses of vegetable commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Maryoris Aguilar‐Veloz
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en AlimentosTecnológico Nacional de México ‐ Instituto Tecnológico de TepicTepicMéxico
| | - Montserrat Calderón‐Santoyo
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en AlimentosTecnológico Nacional de México ‐ Instituto Tecnológico de TepicTepicMéxico
| | - Yuliana Vázquez González
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en AlimentosTecnológico Nacional de México ‐ Instituto Tecnológico de TepicTepicMéxico
| | - Juan Arturo Ragazzo‐Sánchez
- Laboratorio Integral de Investigación en AlimentosTecnológico Nacional de México ‐ Instituto Tecnológico de TepicTepicMéxico
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19
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Developing Process Designs for Biorefineries—Definitions, Categories, and Unit Operations. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13061493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the literature that described the various unit operations in a process design flowsheet of biorefineries. We begin by establishing the accepted definitions of a biorefinery, go on to describe how to categorize biorefineries, and finally review the literature on biorefinery process designs by listing the unit operation in each process design. Distinguishing biorefineries based on feedstock, the types of processing units, and the products emanating from the biorefinery are discussed.
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20
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Clostridium sp. as Bio-Catalyst for Fuels and Chemicals Production in a Biorefinery Context. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium sp. is a genus of anaerobic bacteria capable of metabolizing several substrates (monoglycerides, diglycerides, glycerol, carbon monoxide, cellulose, and more), into valuable products. Biofuels, such as ethanol and butanol, and several chemicals, such as acetone, 1,3-propanediol, and butyric acid, can be produced by these organisms through fermentation processes. Among the most well-known species, Clostridium carboxidivorans, C. ragsdalei, and C. ljungdahlii can be highlighted for their ability to use gaseous feedstocks (as syngas), obtained from the gasification or pyrolysis of waste material, to produce ethanol and butanol. C. beijerinckii is an important species for the production of isopropanol and butanol, with the advantage of using hydrolysate lignocellulosic material, which is produced in large amounts by first-generation ethanol industries. High yields of 1,3 propanediol by C. butyricum are reported with the use of another by-product from fuel industries, glycerol. In this context, several Clostridium wild species are good candidates to be used as biocatalysts in biochemical or hybrid processes. In this review, literature data showing the technical viability of these processes are presented, evidencing the opportunity to investigate them in a biorefinery context.
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21
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Athaley A, Saha B, Ierapetritou M. Biomass‐based chemical production using techno‐economic and life cycle analysis. AIChE J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.16660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Athaley
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Rutgers ‐ The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey
| | - Basudeb Saha
- Catalysis Center for Energy Innovation and Department of Chemical & Bio‐molecular Engineering University of Delaware Newark Delaware
| | - Marianthi Ierapetritou
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Rutgers ‐ The State University of New Jersey Piscataway New Jersey
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22
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Lopes TF, Cabanas C, Silva A, Fonseca D, Santos E, Guerra LT, Sheahan C, Reis A, Gírio F. Process simulation and techno-economic assessment for direct production of advanced bioethanol using a genetically modified Synechocystis sp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Xie M, Qiu Y, Song C, Qi Y, Li Y, Kitamura Y. Optimization of Chlorella sorokiniana cultivation condition for simultaneous enhanced biomass and lipid production via CO 2 fixation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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24
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Comparative techno-economic analysis of single-step and two-step biodiesel production with supercritical methanol based on process simulation. Chem Eng Res Des 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Fermentation, thermochemical and catalytic processes in the transformation of biomass through efficient biorefineries. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Catalyst-Free Biodiesel Production Methods: A Comparative Technical and Environmental Evaluation. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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27
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Gorry PL, Sánchez L, Morales M. Microalgae Biorefineries for Energy and Coproduct Production. ENERGY FROM MICROALGAE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69093-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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García CA, Betancourt R, Cardona CA. Stand-alone and biorefinery pathways to produce hydrogen through gasification and dark fermentation using Pinus Patula. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 203:695-703. [PMID: 27126089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
New efforts in the search of alternative clean and renewable energy to replace the current energy precursors have been assessed in order to reduce emissions to the environment. Lignocellulosic Biomass (LB) can be used to produce bioenergy due to its high energy potential and availability. Different ways are proposed for the transformation of these residues into high added-value products. Thermochemical and biochemical technologies are the most interest concepts focusing on the use of biomass as source for energy production at positive net balances. This study presents the techno-economic, energy and environmental assessment of five scenarios for the hydrogen production through gasification and dark fermentation based on the biorefinery and stand-alone concepts. The results demonstrated that the production of hydrogen based on the concept of a biorefinery can improve the profitability, energy efficiency and reduce the emissions of the processes compared to that based on the stand-alone way. The selection of ethanol and electricity as valuable co-products of the biorefinery in the hydrogen production process confirmed that the process scale and products diversity makes possible a flexible and suitable process to produce hydrogen and other energy carriers from Pinus Patula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A García
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64-60, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Ramiro Betancourt
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64-60, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Cardona
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64-60, Manizales, Colombia.
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29
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An efficient agro-industrial complex in Almería (Spain): Towards an integrated and sustainable bioeconomy model. N Biotechnol 2017; 40:103-112. [PMID: 28698129 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the last ten years, bioeconomy strategies and policy-related bioeconomy initiatives have been developed all over the world. Some of them are currently in the process of translation into specific actions. In most cases, the approaches followed have been top-down policy-related initiatives, triggered by the public sector originating a dynamic which can bring together different bioeconomy stakeholders i.e. industry, academia, financial operators and farmers. This article describes a bottom-up situation with unique bioeconomy-related features that deserve specific attention. Over the last 40 years, Almería, in the south east of Spain, has developed one of the most efficient agro-industrial complexes in the world, evolving from a traditional and subsistence agriculture, to becoming the major vegetable exporter in the European Union (EU). This growth set aside issues such as sustainability, long-term perspectives on water resources or agricultural waste. However, societal concerns about a circular economy, as well as policy initiatives in the EU and in Spain on bioeconomy are changing the situation towards an integrated, efficient and sustainable bioeconomy system. Currently, the production chain demands innovations related to the use of biomass as source of bioproducts and bioenergy in order to remain competitive. Some positive aspects are the relatively small size of the agro-industrial area, making transport and communications rapid and easy, and the existence of strong and dedicated academic and financial institutions. This article outlines the current efforts and initiatives to couple the existing successful agro-industrial complex with that of a fully sustainable bioeconomy model.
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30
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Dávila JA, Rosenberg M, Cardona CA. A biorefinery for efficient processing and utilization of spent pulp of Colombian Andes Berry (Rubus glaucus Benth.): Experimental, techno-economic and environmental assessment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 223:227-236. [PMID: 27792932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This work investigated a model biorefinery for producing phenolic compounds extract, ethanol and xylitol from spent blackberry pulp (SBP). The biorefinery was investigated according to four potential scenarios including mass and heat integrations as well as cogeneration system for supplying part of the energy requirements in the biorefinery. The investigated SBP had 61.54% holocellulose; its total phenolic compounds was equivalent to 2700mg of gallic acid/100g SBP, its anthocyanins content was 126.41mg/kg of SBP and its total antioxidant activity was 174.8μmol TE/g of SBP. The economic analysis revealed that the level of integration in the biorefinery significantly affected the total production cost. The sale-to-total-production-cost ratio indicated that both, mass and heat integrations are of importance relevance. The cost of supplies (enzymes and reagents) had the most significant impact on the total production cost and accounted between 46.72 and 58.95% of the total cost of the biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Dávila
- Chemical Engineering Program, Department of Engineering, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, 110311 Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Moshe Rosenberg
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carlos A Cardona
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Km. 7 via al Magdalena, Campus la Nubia, Manizales, Colombia
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31
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32
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Silva DDV, Dussán KJ, Hernández V, Silva SSD, Cardona CA, Felipe MDGDA. Effect of volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (k L a) on ethanol production performance by Scheffersomyces stipitis on hemicellulosic sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Economic Analysis of an Integrated Annatto Seeds-Sugarcane Biorefinery Using Supercritical CO₂ Extraction as a First Step. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9060494. [PMID: 28773616 PMCID: PMC5456791 DOI: 10.3390/ma9060494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been indicated to be utilized as part of a biorefinery, rather than as a stand-alone technology, since besides extracting added value compounds selectively it has been shown to have a positive effect on the downstream processing of biomass. To this extent, this work evaluates economically the encouraging experimental results regarding the use of SFE during annatto seeds valorization. Additionally, other features were discussed such as the benefits of enhancing the bioactive compounds concentration through physical processes and of integrating the proposed annatto seeds biorefinery to a hypothetical sugarcane biorefinery, which produces its essential inputs, e.g., CO2, ethanol, heat and electricity. For this, first, different configurations were modeled and simulated using the commercial simulator Aspen Plus® to determine the mass and energy balances. Next, each configuration was economically assessed using MATLAB. SFE proved to be decisive to the economic feasibility of the proposed annatto seeds-sugarcane biorefinery concept. SFE pretreatment associated with sequential fine particles separation process enabled higher bixin-rich extract production using low-pressure solvent extraction method employing ethanol, meanwhile tocotrienols-rich extract is obtained as a first product. Nevertheless, the economic evaluation showed that increasing tocotrienols-rich extract production has a more pronounced positive impact on the economic viability of the concept.
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34
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Clauser NM, Gutiérrez S, Area MC, Felissia FE, Vallejos ME. Small-sized biorefineries as strategy to add value to sugarcane bagasse. Chem Eng Res Des 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2015.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Moncada J, Cardona CA, Higuita JC, Vélez JJ, López-Suarez FE. Wood residue (Pinus patula bark) as an alternative feedstock for producing ethanol and furfural in Colombia: experimental, techno-economic and environmental assessments. Chem Eng Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2015.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Daza Serna LV, Orrego Alzate CE, Cardona Alzate CA. Supercritical fluids as a green technology for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 199:113-120. [PMID: 26459196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
One of the main drawbacks for using lignocellulosic biomass is related to its recalcitrance. The pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass plays an important role for delignification and crystallinity reduction purposes. In this work rice husk (RH) was submitted to supercritical pretreatment at 80°C and 270 bar with the aim to determine the effect on lignin content, crystallinity as well as enzymatic digestibility. The yields obtained were compared with dilute sulfuric acid pretreatment as base case. Additionally a techno-economic and environmental comparison of the both pretreatment technologies was performed. The results show a lignin content reduction up to 90.6% for the sample with 75% moisture content using a water-ethanol mixture. The results for crystallinity and enzymatic digestibility demonstrated that no reductions were reached. Supercritical pretreatment presents the best economical and environmental performance considering the solvents and carbon dioxide recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Daza Serna
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia at Manizales, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Colombia
| | - C E Orrego Alzate
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia at Manizales, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Colombia
| | - C A Cardona Alzate
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Universidad Nacional de Colombia at Manizales, Km 07 vía al Magdalena, Colombia.
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37
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Moncada J, Cardona CA, Rincón LE. Design and analysis of a second and third generation biorefinery: The case of castorbean and microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:836-43. [PMID: 26457832 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a biorefinery system including castor bean seeds and microalgae is used as a case study to evaluate the integration of second and third generation biorefineries. A biorefinery concept was applied for the combined production of polyol, ethylene-glycol, omega-3 acid, biodiesel, methanol and heat and power from castor bean and microalgae. Castor bean cake and microalgae paste were used to feed a biomass-fired system (BIGCC), where part of CO2 produced in flue gas is captured and employed as substrate for microalgae growth. To evaluate the performance of this biorefinery concept three scenarios based on different levels of mass and energy integration were modeled and assessed from techno-economic and environmental points of view. The scenario with the best economic and environmental performances was the one including full mass integration, full heat integration, and cogeneration scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Moncada
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64-60, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Carlos A Cardona
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64-60, Manizales, Colombia.
| | - Luis E Rincón
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Cra. 27 No. 64-60, Manizales, Colombia
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38
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Maranduba HL, Robra S, Nascimento IA, da Cruz RS, Rodrigues LB, de Almeida Neto JA. Reducing the life cycle GHG emissions of microalgal biodiesel through integration with ethanol production system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 194:21-27. [PMID: 26176822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite environmental benefits of algal-biofuels, the energy-intensive systems for producing microalgae-feedstock may result in high GHG emissions. Trying to overcome energy-costs, this research analyzed the biodiesel production system via dry-route, based on Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in raceways, by comparing the GHG-footprints of diverse microalgae-biodiesel scenarios. These involved: the single system of biomass production (C0); the application of pyrolysis on the residual microalgal biomass (cake) from the oil extraction process (C1); the same as C0, with anaerobic cake co-digested with cattle manure (C2); the same conditions as in C1 and C2, by integrating in both cases (respectively C3 and C4), the microalgae cultivation with an autonomous ethanol distillery. The reduction of GHG emissions in scenarios with no such integration (C1 and C2), compared to CO, was insignificant (0.53% and 4.67%, respectively), whereas in the scenarios with integration with ethanol production system, the improvements were 53.57% for C3 and 63.84% for C4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Leonardo Maranduba
- State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP 45662900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Sabine Robra
- State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP 45662900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Iracema Andrade Nascimento
- Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Campus Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo, 147, CEP 40170290 Ondina, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rosenira Serpa da Cruz
- State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP 45662900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Luciano Brito Rodrigues
- State University of Bahia Southwest, Campus Itapetinga, Praça Primavera, 40, CEP 45700000 Primavera, Itapetinga, Bahia, Brazil
| | - José Adolfo de Almeida Neto
- State University of Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, CEP 45662900 Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
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