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Tu Q, Wu K, Cheng E, Yuan F. A noise robust sparse time-frequency representation method for measuring underwater gas leakage rate. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 155:2503-2516. [PMID: 38587432 DOI: 10.1121/10.0025547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Passive acoustic monitors analyze sound signals emitted by seafloor gas bubbles to measure leakage rates. In scenarios with low-flux gas leaks, individual bubble sounds are typically non-overlapping. Measurement methods for these bubble streams aim to estimate the frequency peak of each bubble sound, which correlates with the bubble's size. However, the presence of ocean ambient noise poses challenges to accurately estimating these frequency peaks, thereby affecting the measurement of gas leakage rates in shallow sea environments using passive acoustic monitors. To address this issue, we propose a robust measurement method that includes a noise-robust sparse time-frequency representation algorithm and an adaptive thresholding approach for detecting bubble frequencies. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method using experimental data augmented with ocean ambient noise and ship-transit noise recorded from a bay area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Tu
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kefei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - En Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Communication and Marine Information Technology Ministry of Education, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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2
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Caudron C, Miao Y, Spica ZJ, Wollin C, Haberland C, Jousset P, Yates A, Vandemeulebrouck J, Schmidt B, Krawczyk C, Dahm T. Monitoring underwater volcano degassing using fiber-optic sensing. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3128. [PMID: 38326378 PMCID: PMC10850492 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Continuous monitoring of volcanic gas emissions is crucial for understanding volcanic activity and potential eruptions. However, emissions of volcanic gases underwater are infrequently studied or quantified. This study explores the potential of Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology to monitor underwater volcanic degassing. DAS converts fiber-optic cables into high-resolution vibration recording arrays, providing measurements at unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. We conducted an experiment at Laacher See volcano in Germany, immersing a fiber-optic cable in the lake and interrogating it with a DAS system. We detected and analyzed numerous acoustic signals that we associated with bubble emissions in different lake areas. Three types of text-book bubbles exhibiting characteristic waveforms are all found from our detections, indicating different nucleation processes and bubble sizes. Using clustering algorithms, we classified bubble events into four distinct clusters based on their temporal and spectral characteristics. The temporal distribution of the events provided insights into the evolution of gas seepage patterns. This technology has the potential to revolutionize underwater degassing monitoring and provide valuable information for studying volcanic processes and estimating gas emissions. Furthermore, DAS can be applied to other applications, such as monitoring underwater carbon capture and storage operations or methane leaks associated with climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corentin Caudron
- Laboratoire G-Time, Department of Geosciences, Environment, and Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yaolin Miao
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zack J Spica
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Christopher Wollin
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Deutschland, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Jousset
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Alexander Yates
- Laboratoire G-Time, Department of Geosciences, Environment, and Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean Vandemeulebrouck
- ISTerre, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Charlotte Krawczyk
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Deutschland, Germany
- TU Berlin, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Berlin, Deutschland, Germany
| | - Torsten Dahm
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Deutschland, Germany
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3
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Hao M, Assresahegn BD, Abdellah A, Miner L, Al Hejami A, Zaker N, Gaudet J, Roué L, Botton GA, Beauchemin D, Higgins DC, Thorpe S, Harrington DA, Guay D. Role of Ir Decoration in Activating a Multiscale Fractal Surface in Porous Ni for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Hao
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie, Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Birhanu Desalegn Assresahegn
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie, Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdellah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Lukas Miner
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ahmed Al Hejami
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nafiseh Zaker
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Julie Gaudet
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie, Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Lionel Roué
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie, Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | - Gianluigi A. Botton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Diane Beauchemin
- Department of Chemistry, Queen’s University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Drew C. Higgins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Steven Thorpe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - David A. Harrington
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Daniel Guay
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie, Matériaux Télécommunications, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
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4
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Aiken JM, Sohn RA, Renard F, Matter J, Kelemen P, Jamtveit B. Gas Migration Episodes Observed During Peridotite Alteration in the Samail Ophiolite, Oman. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 49:e2022GL100395. [PMID: 36589777 PMCID: PMC9787822 DOI: 10.1029/2022gl100395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Serpentinization and carbonation of mantle rocks (peridotite alteration) are fundamentally important processes for a spectrum of geoscience topics, including arc volcanism, earthquake processes, chemosynthetic biological communities, and carbon sequestration. Data from a hydrophone array deployed in the Multi-Borehole Observatory (MBO) of the Oman Drilling Project demonstrates that free gas generated by peridotite alteration and/or microbial activity migrates through the formation in discrete bursts of activity. We detected several, minutes-long, swarms of gas discharge into Hole BA1B of the MBO over the course of a 9 month observation interval. The episodic nature of the migration events indicates that free gas accumulates in the permeable flow network, is pressurized, and discharges rapidly into the borehole when a critical pressure, likely associated with a capillary barrier at a flow constriction, is reached. Our observations reveal a dynamic mode of fluid migration during serpentinization, and highlight the important role that free gas can play in modulating pore pressure, fluid flow, and alteration kinetics during peridotite weathering.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Aiken
- Njord CentreDepartments of Physics and GeosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Robert A. Sohn
- Department of Geology and GeophysicsWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWoods HoleMAUSA
| | - François Renard
- Njord CentreDepartments of Physics and GeosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- CNRSIRDISTerreUniversity Grenoble AlpesGrenoble INPUniversity Savoie Mont BlancUniversity Gustave EiffelGrenobleFrance
| | - Juerg Matter
- School of Ocean and Earth ScienceUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Peter Kelemen
- Lamont Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisadesNYUSA
| | - Bjørn Jamtveit
- Njord CentreDepartments of Physics and GeosciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
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5
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Roche B, White PR, Bull JM, Leighton TG, Li J, Christie C, Fone J. Methods of acoustic gas flux inversion-Investigation into the initial amplitude of bubble excitation. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:799. [PMID: 36050165 DOI: 10.1121/10.0013220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Passive acoustic inversion techniques for measuring gas flux into the water column have the potential to be a powerful tool for the long-term monitoring and quantification of natural marine seeps and anthropogenic emissions. Prior inversion techniques have had limited precision due to lack of constraints on the initial amplitude of a bubble's excitation following its release into the water column ( R). R is determined by observing the acoustic signal of bubbles released from sediment in a controlled experiment and its use is demonstrated by quantifying the flux from a volcanic CO2 seep offshore Panarea (Italy), improving the precision by 78%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Roche
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Paul R White
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Bull
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy G Leighton
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jianghui Li
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Christie
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Fone
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton Waterfront Campus, European Way, Southampton, United Kingdom
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6
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Nelli F, Deane G, Ooi A, Manasseh R. Analysis of sound pressure levels generated by nozzle-emitted large bubbles. JASA EXPRESS LETTERS 2022; 2:054002. [PMID: 36154060 DOI: 10.1121/10.0010377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The sound radiated by newly formed bubbles can be used to determine their properties. However, details of the fluid dynamics driving the acoustic emission remain unclear. A neck-collapsing model has been proposed to explain the sound generation at bubble pinch-off. The model uses a forcing function which drives the Rayleigh-Plesset equation and is linked to the bubble acoustic pressure. Here, the model is tested on bubbles of diameter up to 7 mm generated in distilled water, tap water, and alcohol-water solution. The model works well for bubbles less than 2.2 mm radius but the error increases up to 71% for larger diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Nelli
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Grant Deane
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Ooi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia , , ,
| | - Richard Manasseh
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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7
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Dzienis P, Mosdorf R, Czarnecki J. The influence of water hardness perturbations on bubble departure dynamics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21010. [PMID: 34697334 PMCID: PMC8546100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of small changes to water hardness on the nonlinear behaviour of liquid penetration into a capillary and the resulting air pressure fluctuations during air bubble formation are examined in this paper. Experiments were undertaken in which bubbles were generated both in water having a surface tensile force of σ = 72.2 mN/m and in an aqueous solution of calcium carbonate having a surface tensile force of σ = 75.4 mN/m, each contained in a glass capillary with an internal diameter of 1 mm. It is shown that both the maximum value of liquid penetration into the capillary and bubble growth time are affected by perturbations to the water hardness. The time it takes for the bubble to depart the capillary was estimated using the following nonlinear data analysis methods: time delay (τ), attractor reconstructions, correlation dimension (D), and largest Lyapunov exponent (λ). All estimates demonstrate that the pressure fluctuations in the c–c aqueous solutions and extent of liquid solution penetration into the capillary during the time between subsequent bubble departures behave chaotically. Furthermore, this work demonstrates that the dynamics of bubble formation along with the bubble waiting time are very sensitive to small perturbation in the physical properties of the liquid, and this sensitivity has a significant effect on the observed chaotic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dzienis
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351, Białystok, Poland.
| | - R Mosdorf
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
| | - J Czarnecki
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45C, 15-351, Białystok, Poland
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8
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Underwater gas flow measurement based on adaptive passive acoustic characteristic frequency extraction. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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9
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Chicharro R, Manasseh R, Vazquez A. The heart signal: An acoustic signature observed during a second-bubble entrainment. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Roshid MM, Manasseh R. Extraction of bubble size and number data from an acoustically-excited bubble chain. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 147:921. [PMID: 32113302 DOI: 10.1121/10.0000488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The passive-acoustic measurement of bubbly flows could potentially deliver data useful to many industrial and environmental applications. However, acoustic interactions between bubbles complicate interpretations of measured frequencies in terms of the bubble sizes that are of practical interest. Experiments were undertaken on the emissions of a bubble chain when a just-formed bubble at one end of the chain created a sound pulse. This is an idealised paradigm for many applications. The chain was a one-dimensional line of bubbles fixed with known bubble sizes and inter-bubble spacings. Frequencies naturally emitted by the chain were measured for various bubble sizes and spacings, including cases such that the bubbles were close to touching. Semi-empirical fits were found relating the bubble size and number to the lowest and highest-measurable peak frequencies. It was found that all data collapsed onto two curves, one for the lowest-peak and one for the highest-peak frequency. This was confirmed by running numerical simulations for wider ranges of parameters than available experimentally. The results suggest that for a bubble chain, measurements of two peak frequencies could be used to determine the bubble size and also the number of interacting bubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mamunur Roshid
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Richard Manasseh
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
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11
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Numerical modeling for characterization of CO2 bubble formation through submerged orifice in ionic liquids. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Tang J, Xie G, Bao J, Mo Z, Liu H, Du M. Experimental study of sound emission in subcooled pool boiling on a small heating surface. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Jo H, Jo D. Experimental studies of condensing vapor bubbles in subcooled pool water using visual and acoustic analysis methods. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2017.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu J, Chu N, Qin S, Wu D. Numerical simulations of bubble formation and acoustic characteristics from a submerged orifice: The effects of nozzle wall configurations. Chem Eng Res Des 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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