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Impact of Operating Parameters on the Production of Nanoemulsions Using a High-Pressure Homogenizer with Flow Pattern and Back Pressure Control. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids7010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to establish the relative importance of the main operating parameters impacting the formation of food-grade oil-in-water nanoemulsions by high-pressure homogenization. The goal of this unit operation was to create uniform and stable emulsified products with small mean particle diameters and narrow polydispersity indices. In this study, we examined the performance of a new commercial high-pressure valve homogenizer, which has several features that provide good control over the particle size distribution of nanoemulsions, including variable homogenization pressures (up to 45,000 psi), nozzle dimensions (0.13/0.22 mm), flow patterns (parallel/reverse), and back pressures. The impact of homogenization pressure, number of passes, flow pattern, nozzle dimensions, back pressure, oil concentration, emulsifier concentration, and emulsifier type on the particle size distribution of corn oil-in-water emulsions was systematically examined. The droplet size decreased with increasing homogenization pressure, number of passes, back pressure, and emulsifier-to-oil ratio. Moreover, it was slightly smaller when a reverse rather than parallel flow profile was used. The emulsifying performance of plant, animal, and synthetic emulsifiers was compared because there is increasing interest in replacing animal and synthetic emulsifiers with plant-based ones in the food industry. Under fixed homogenization conditions, the mean particle diameter decreased in the following order: gum arabic (0.66 µm) > soy protein (0.18 µm) > whey protein (0.14 µm) ≈ Tween 20 (0.14 µm). The information reported in this study is useful for the optimization of the production of food-grade nanoemulsions using high-pressure homogenization.
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The effect of disperse phase viscosity in the emulsification of a semi-dairy beverage–combining emulsification experiments and numerical single drop breakup simulations. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Podbevšek D, Ledoux G, Dular M. Investigation of hydrodynamic cavitation induced reactive oxygen species production in microchannels via chemiluminescent luminol oxidation reactions. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 220:118628. [PMID: 35640501 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation was evaluated for its reactive oxygen species production in several convergent-divergent microchannel at the transition from micro to milli scale. Channel widths and heights were systematically varied to study the influence of geometrical parameters at the transitory scale. A photomultiplier tube was used for time-resolved photon detection and monitoring of the chemiluminescent luminol oxidation reactions, allowing for a contactless and in situ quantization of reactive oxygen species production in the channels. The radical production rates at various flow parameters were evaluated, showing an optimal yield per flow rate exists in the observed geometrical range. While cavitation cloud shedding was the prevailing regime in this type of channels, the photon arrival time analysis allowed for an investigation of the cavitation structure dynamics and their contribution to the chemical yield, revealing that radical production is not linked to the synchronous cavitation cloud collapse events. Instead, individual bubble collapses occurring throughout the cloud formation were recognized to be the source of the reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darjan Podbevšek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Gilles Ledoux
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Matevž Dular
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Håkansson A. Effect of inlet chamber design and operation conditions on laminar drop deformation in a production-scale high-pressure homogenizer– a hydrodynamic investigation. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Deggelmann M, Nöpel JA, Rüdiger F, Paustian D, Braeutigam P. Hydrodynamic cavitation for micropollutant degradation in water - Correlation of bisphenol A degradation with fluid mechanical properties. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2022; 83:105950. [PMID: 35151987 PMCID: PMC8851259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.105950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present work addresses the correlation of bisphenol A (BPA) degradation by hydrodynamic cavitation with the fluid mechanical properties of the cavitating jet in the reactor. The effects of inlet pressure and two orifices were investigated. The fluid mechanics conditions during the reaction were evaluated by optical measurements to determine the jet length, bubble volume, number of bubbles, and bubble size distribution. In addition, chemiluminescence of luminol is used to localize chemically active bubbles due to the generation of hydroxyl radicals in the reactor chamber. The correlation between the rate constants of BPA degradation and the mechanical properties of the liquid is discussed. Here, linear dependencies between the degradation of BPA and the volume expansion of the bubble volume and chemiluminescence are found, allowing prediction of the rate constants and the hydroxyl radicals generated. BPA degradation of 50% was achieved in 30 min with the 1.7 mm nozzle at 25 bar. However, the 1 mm nozzle has been demonstrated to be more energetically efficient, achieving 10% degradation with 30% less power per 100 passes. There is a tendency for the number of small bubbles in the reactor to increase with smaller nozzle and increasing pressure difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Deggelmann
- Institute of Technical and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Julius-Alexander Nöpel
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Baehr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Rüdiger
- Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, George-Baehr-Str. 3c, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Paustian
- Institute of Technical and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Patrick Braeutigam
- Institute of Technical and Environmental Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany; Fraunhofer IKTS, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems, Michael-Faraday-Straße 1, 07629 Hermsdorf, Germany.
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Preiss FJ, Hetz M, Karbstein HP. Does Cavitation Affect Droplet Breakup in High‐Pressure Homogenization? Insights into Local Effects. CHEM-ING-TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.202100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Johannes Preiss
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Food Process Engineering Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Maximilian Hetz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Food Process Engineering Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Heike Petra Karbstein
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Process Engineering in Life Sciences, Food Process Engineering Kaiserstraße 12 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Podbevšek D, Colombet D, Ayela F, Ledoux G. Localization and quantification of radical production in cavitating flows with luminol chemiluminescent reactions. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 71:105370. [PMID: 33130383 PMCID: PMC7786609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamic cavitation experiments in microfluidic systems have been performed with an aqueous solution of luminol as the working fluid. In order to identify where and how much reactive radical species are formed by the violent bubble collapse, the resulting chemiluminescent oxidation reaction of luminol was scrutinized downstream of a constriction in the microchannel. An original method was developed in order to map the intensity of chemiluminescence emitted from the micro-flow, allowing us to localize the region where radicals are produced. Time averaged void fraction measurements performed by laser induced fluorescence experiments were also used to determine the cavitation cloud position. The combination void fraction and chemiluminescence two-dimensional mapping demonstrated that the maximum chemiluminescent intensity area was found just downstream of the cavitation clouds. Furthermore, the radical yield can be obtained with our single photon counting technique. The maximum radical production rates of 1.2*107 OH/s and radical production per processed liquid volume of 2.15*1010 HO/l were observed. The proposed technique allows for two-dimensional characterisation of radical production in the microfluidic flow and could be a quick, non-intrusive way to optimise hydrodynamic cavitation reactor design and operating parameters, leading to enhancements in wastewater treatments and other process intensifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darjan Podbevšek
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Damien Colombet
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Frederic Ayela
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Ledoux
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
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Hwangbo SA, Choi YM, Lee TG. Influence of Piezoelectric Properties on the Ultrasonic Dispersion of TiO 2 Nanoparticles in Aqueous Suspension. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12010052. [PMID: 33466311 PMCID: PMC7824753 DOI: 10.3390/mi12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the soft-type and hard-type lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics were compared in order to create an optimal system for ultrasonic dispersion of nanoparticles, and sound pressure energy for each PZT ceramic was analyzed and closely examined with ultrasonic energy. TiO2 was water-dispersed using the soft-type and hard-type PZT transducer, possessing different characteristics, and its suspension particle size and distribution, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and dispersion were evaluated for 180 days. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the particles dispersed using the hard-type PZT transducer were smaller than the particles dispersed using the soft-type PZT by 15 nm or more. Because the hard-type PZT transducer had a lower PDI, uniform particle size distribution was also confirmed. In addition, by measuring the zeta potential over time, it was found that the hard-type PZT transducer has higher dispersion safety. In addition, it was confirmed that the ultrasonically dispersed TiO2 suspension using a hard-type PZT transducer maintained constant particle size distribution for 180 days, whereas the suspension from the soft-type PZT aggregated 30 days later. Therefore, the hard-type PZT is more suitable for ultrasonic dispersion of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ae Hwangbo
- Naosafety Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Thermal Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Korea;
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Naosafety Team, Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-042-868-5003
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Perrin L, Colombet D, Ayela F. Comparative study of luminescence and chemiluminescence in hydrodynamic cavitating flows and quantitative determination of hydroxyl radicals production. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 70:105277. [PMID: 32750656 PMCID: PMC7786554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Luminescence and chemiluminescence have been experimentally investigated in hydrodynamic cavitating flows. By using dedicated microdevices inserted inside a light tight box, photons counting has been made possible. Luminescence has been investigated with deionized water as the working fluid; chemiluminescence has resulted from cavitating alkaline luminol solutions, and has been correlated to hydroxyl radicals formation. For the first time, luminescent and chemiluminescent phenomena have been considered together on the same devices submitted to similar cavitating flow regimes. Degassed solutions enhance the luminescence and also the hydroxyl radical yield. Due to the small sizes of the channels, the lifetimes of the collapsing bubbles correspond to pseudo frequencies matching the range of optimal frequencies used in sonochemistry. New perspectives for the study of hydrodynamic cavitation as an advanced oxidation process are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Perrin
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - D Colombet
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - F Ayela
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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Influence of Cavitation and Mixing Conditions on Oil Droplet Size in Simultaneous Homogenization and Mixing (SHM). CHEMENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering4040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High-pressure homogenizers (HPH) equipped with a Simultaneous Homogenization and Mixing (SHM) orifice allow for inducing a mixing stream directly into the disruption unit. Previous studies show that by doing so, synergies between the unit operations “emulsification” and “mixing” can be used to save energy, e.g., in homogenization of dairy products, or to extend the application range of HPH. Up to now, process design has mainly been based on the trial and error principle due to incomplete understanding of flow conditions and droplet break-up in the SHM unit. This study aims at a higher level of understanding of cavitation and mixing effects on emulsion droplet size. Experimental data were obtained using a model emulsion of low disperse phase concentration in order to avoid coalescence effects. The different flow conditions are created by varying the process and geometric parameters of an SHM unit. The results show that the oil droplet size only depends on mixing conditions when the emulsion droplets are added in the mixing stream. Furthermore, a smaller oil droplet size can be achieved by reducing cavitation, especially for droplets fed in the high-pressure stream.
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Podbevsek D, Colombet D, Ledoux G, Ayela F. Observation of chemiluminescence induced by hydrodynamic cavitation in microchannels. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 43:175-183. [PMID: 29555273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We have performed hydrodynamic cavitation experiments with an aqueous luminol solution as the working fluid. Light emission, together with the high frequency noise which characterizes cavitation, was emitted by the two-phase flow, whereas no light emission from luminol was recorded in the single phase liquid flow. Light emission occurs downstream transparent microdiaphragms. The maximum level of the recorded signal was around 180 photons per second with flow rates of 380 µl/s, that corresponds to a real order of magnitude of the chemiluminescence of 75,000 photons per second. The yield of emitted photons increases linearly with the pressure drop, which is proportional to the square of the total flow rate. Chemiluminescence of luminol is a direct and a quantitative demonstration of the presence of OH hydroxyl radicals created by hydrodynamic cavitation. The presented method could be a key to optimize channel geometry for processes where radical production is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Podbevsek
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - D Colombet
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble France
| | - G Ledoux
- Institut Lumière Matière, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - F Ayela
- Laboratoire des Ecoulements Géophysiques et Industriels, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble France.
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Optical Measuring Methods for the Investigation of High-Pressure Homogenisation. Processes (Basel) 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/pr4040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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