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Sui J, Wang N, Wang J, Huang X, Wang T, Zhou L, Hao H. Strategies for chiral separation: from racemate to enantiomer. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11955-12003. [PMID: 37969602 PMCID: PMC10631238 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01630g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiral separation has become a crucial topic for effectively utilizing superfluous racemates synthesized by chemical means and satisfying the growing requirements for producing enantiopure chiral compounds. However, the remarkably close physical and chemical properties of enantiomers present significant obstacles, making it necessary to develop novel enantioseparation methods. This review comprehensively summaries the latest developments in the main enantioseparation methods, including preparative-scale chromatography, enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization-based methods for chiral separation, deracemization process coupling racemization and crystallization, porous material method and membrane resolution method, focusing on significant cases involving crystallization, deracemization and membranes. Notably, potential trends and future directions are suggested based on the state-of-art "coupling" strategy, which may greatly reinvigorate the existing individual methods and facilitate the emergence of cross-cutting ideas among researchers from different enantioseparation domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Sui
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
| | - Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Lina Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China +86-22-2740-5754
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University Haikou 570228 China
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Zhu B, Qiu H, Ma C, Chen S, Zhu J, Tong S. Recent progress on chiral extractants for enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1709:464389. [PMID: 37741223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
As the demand for enantiopure compounds increases, chiral separation has become increasingly important in many fields. Enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction is an up-and-coming technology for enantiomeric separation because it is highly efficient and easy to be scaled up. The key factor for enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction is the development of novel chiral extractants with high enantiorecognition performance. With successful studies on catalytically active metal complexes as chiral extractants, novel chiral extractants can be screened and designed from the field of asymmetric catalysis. Chiral ionic liquids, sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrins bonded magnetic nanoparticles and 2,2',3,3'-tetrahydro-1,1'-spirobi[indene]-7,7'-diol (SPINOL) based phosphoric acid host show unique potential ability in enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction and they deserve further study. Brief principles, extraction equipment and solvent systems in enantioselective liquid-liquid extraction are presented in the present paper, and recent progress in development of new chiral extractants in the past decade is mainly reviewed, including metal complexes, cyclodextrins, ionic liquids, tartrate acids and crown ethers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Huiyun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Chenlei Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Junchao Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Moganshan Campus, Gongda Road 1, Huzhou 313200, China.
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Wang W, Yang Y, Tang K. Equilibrium on reactive extraction of glabridin in a quaternary solvent system containing SBE-β-CD. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Negatively charged cyclodextrins: Synthesis and applications in chiral analysis-A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 256:117517. [PMID: 33483038 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The negatively charged cyclodextrins (CDs) play an important role in chiral analysis due to the additional electrostatic effect beyond the host-guest inclusion, especially in enantioanalysis of positively charged and electrically neutral analytes. This review presents recent advances in application of anionic CDs for enantioanalysis during the past five years. Firstly, the synthesis approaches of random substitution and single isomers of anionic CDs are briefly discussed. The main part focuses on the chiral analysis using anionic CDs in various analytical techniques, including capillary electrophoresis, high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrochromatography, counter current chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, etc. Particular attention is given to the capillary electrophoresis application since charged CDs could be used as a carrier of enantiomers by virtue of their self-mobility and offer an easy adjustment of the enantiomer migration order. Finally, future opportunities are also discussed in the conclusion of this review.
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Flieger J, Feder-Kubis J, Tatarczak-Michalewska M. Chiral Ionic Liquids: Structural Diversity, Properties and Applications in Selected Separation Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4253. [PMID: 32549300 PMCID: PMC7352568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are chemical compounds composed of ions with melting points below 100 °C exhibiting a design feature. ILs are commonly used as the so-called green solvents, reagents or highly efficient catalysts in varied chemical processes. The huge application potential of ionic liquids (IL) justifies the growing interest in these compounds. In the last decade, increasing attention has been devoted to the development of new methods in the synthesis of stable chiral ionic liquids (CILs) and their application in various separation techniques. The beginnings of the successful use of CILs to separate enantiomers date back to the 1990 s. Most chiral ILs are based on chiral cations or chiral anions. There is also a limited number of CILs possessing both a chiral cation and a chiral anion. Due to the high molecular diversity of both ions, of which at least one has a chiral center, we have the possibility to design a large variety of optically active structures, thus expanding the range of CIL applications. Research utilizing chiral ionic liquids only recently has become more popular. However, it is the area that still has great potential for future development. This review aimed to describe the diversity of structures, properties and examples of applications of chiral ionic liquids as new chiral solid materials and chiral components of the anisotropic environment, providing chiral recognition of enantiomeric analytes, which is useful in liquid chromatography, countercurrent chromatography and other various CIL-based extraction techniques including aqueous biphasic (ABS) extraction systems, solid-liquid two-phase systems, liquid-liquid extraction systems with hydrophilic CILs, liquid-liquid extraction systems with hydrophobic CILs, solid-phase extraction and induced-precipitation techniques developed in the recent years. The growing demand for pure enantiomers in the pharmaceutical and food industries sparks further development in the field of extraction and separation systems modified with CILs highlighting them as affordable and environmentally friendly both chiral selectors and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Flieger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Joanna Feder-Kubis
- Department of Process Engineering and Technology of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
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e Silva FA, Kholany M, Sintra TE, Caban M, Stepnowski P, Ventura SPM, Coutinho JAP. Aqueous Biphasic Systems Using Chiral Ionic Liquids for the Enantioseparation of Mandelic Acid Enantiomers. SOLVENT EXTRACTION AND ION EXCHANGE 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/07366299.2018.1545344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca A. e Silva
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariam Kholany
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia E. Sintra
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Magda Caban
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Institute for Environmental and Human Health Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sónia P. M. Ventura
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A. P. Coutinho
- CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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7
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Enantioseparation of Phenylsuccinic Acid Enantiomers by Solvent Sublation with Collaborative Selectors. J SOLUTION CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10953-017-0689-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Cienfuegos N, Santos P, García A, Soares C, Lima A, Souza R. Integrated process for purification of capsaicin using aqueous two-phase systems based on ethanol. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Markthaler D, Gebhardt J, Jakobtorweihen S, Hansen N. Molecular Simulations of Thermodynamic Properties for the System α
-Cyclodextrin/Alcohol in Aqueous Solution. CHEM-ING-TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201700057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Markthaler
- University of Stuttgart; Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering; Pfaffenwaldring 9 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Julia Gebhardt
- University of Stuttgart; Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering; Pfaffenwaldring 9 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sven Jakobtorweihen
- Hamburg University of Technology; Institute of Thermal Separation Processes; Eißendorfer Straße 38 21073 Hamburg Germany
| | - Niels Hansen
- University of Stuttgart; Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering; Pfaffenwaldring 9 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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Zhou Z, Cui K, Mao Y, Chai W, Wang N, Ren Z. Green preparation of d-tryptophan imprinted self-supported membrane for ultrahigh enantioseparation of racemic tryptophan. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23555g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Green and clean preparation of molecularly imprinted membrane for ultrahigh enantioseparation of racemic tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Cui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Mao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuai Chai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Nian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongqi Ren
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology
- College of Chemical Engineering
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- People's Republic of China
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