1
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Jiang C, Ma CY, Hazlehurst TA, Ilett TP, Jackson ASM, Hogg DC, Roberts KJ. Automated Growth Rate Measurement of the Facet Surfaces of Single Crystals of the β-Form of l-Glutamic Acid Using Machine Learning Image Processing. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2024; 24:3277-3288. [PMID: 38659658 PMCID: PMC11036364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Precision measurement of the growth rate of individual single crystal facets (hkl) represents an important component in the design of industrial crystallization processes. Current approaches for crystal growth measurement using optical microscopy are labor intensive and prone to error. An automated process using state-of-the-art computer vision and machine learning to segment and measure the crystal images is presented. The accuracies and efficiencies of the new crystal sizing approach are evaluated against existing manual and semi-automatic methods, demonstrating equivalent accuracy but over a much shorter time, thereby enabling a more complete kinematic analysis of the overall crystallization process. This is applied to measure in situ the crystal growth rates and through this determining the associated kinetic mechanisms for the crystallization of β-form l-glutamic acid from the solution phase. Growth on the {101} capping faces is consistent with a Birth and Spread mechanism, in agreement with the literature, while the growth rate of the {021} prismatic faces, previously not available in the literature, is consistent with a Burton-Cabrera-Frank screw dislocation mechanism. At a typical supersaturation of σ = 0.78, the growth rate of the {101} capping faces (3.2 × 10-8 m s-1) is found to be 17 times that of the {021} prismatic faces (1.9 × 10-9 m s-1). Both capping and prismatic faces are found to have dead zones in their growth kinetic profiles, with the capping faces (σc = 0.23) being about half that of the prismatic faces (σc = 0.46). The importance of this overall approach as an integral component of the digital design of industrial crystallization processes is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jiang
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Cai Y. Ma
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Thomas A. Hazlehurst
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Thomas P. Ilett
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Alexander S. M. Jackson
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - David C. Hogg
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
- School
of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
| | - Kevin J. Roberts
- Centre
for the Digital Design of Drug Products, School of Chemical and Process
Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
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2
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Modeling and Optimization of the Para-Xylene Continuous Suspension Crystallization Separation Process via a Morphology Technique and a Multi-Dimensional Population Balance Equation. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we carried out a para-xylene crystallization experiment at constant temperature and concentration levels. Throughout the process, the kinetics of nucleation, growth, breakage, and aggregation of para-xylene particles were measured and built using a morphological approach. An additional a three-stage continuous suspension crystallization separation experiment was carried out, the process for which was simulated using the population balance model based on correlated kinetic equations. The population balance equation was solved using an extended moment of classes algorithm, and the solving process was implemented in MATLAB. In this case, the predicted particle size distribution of the products matched well with the experiment. In order to provide references for the optimization of the industrial para-xylene crystallization process, a three-stage suspension crystallization separation experiment was designed and conducted, in which each crystallizer had a distinct operating temperature and mean residence time. The effects of operating parameters on the final product were investigated further. The proposed models and algorithms can also be applied in other cases and provide an alternative approach for optimizing continuous crystallization processes.
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3
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Sun F, Liu T, Nagy ZK, Ni X. Extended sectional quadrature method of moments for crystal growth and nucleation with application to seeded cooling crystallization. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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In Situ Measurement Method Based on Edge Detection and Superpixel for Crystallization Imaging at High-Solid Concentrations. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To facilitate measuring crystal sizes during batch crystallization at high-solid concentrations by using an invasive imaging system, an in situ imaging measurement strategy based on edge detection and superpixel is proposed for the ambiguous boundary problem of large amounts of crystals. Firstly, an image filtering is employed to cope with image degradation caused by noise disturbance and suspension turbulence in the crystallizer. Subsequently, an image segmentation method is developed by utilizing improved edge detection and superpixel, which can be easily performed for crystal extraction. Accordingly, crystal size measurement can be developed for evaluation of the crystal size distribution. The experiment results on α-form L-glutamic acid present the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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5
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Schmalenberg M, Mensing L, Lindemann S, Krell T, Kockmann N. Miniaturized draft tube baffle crystallizer for continuous cooling crystallization. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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6
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7
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Process Intensification and Control Strategies in Cooling Crystallization: Crystal Size and Morphology Optimization of α-PABA. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Schmalenberg M, Krell T, Mathias C, Kockmann N. Continuous Miniaturized Draft Tube Baffle Crystallizer with Particle Screw for Supportive Suspension Discharge. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Schmalenberg
- BCI Equipment Design, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tobias Krell
- BCI Equipment Design, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christopher Mathias
- BCI Equipment Design, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- BCI Equipment Design, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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9
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Continuous Cooling Crystallization in a Coiled Flow Inverter Crystallizer Technology—Design, Characterization, and Hurdles. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous small-scale production is currently of utmost interest for fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. For this purpose, equipment and process concepts in consideration of the hurdles for solids handling are required to transfer conventional batch processing to continuous operation. Based on empirical equations, pressure loss constraints, and an expandable modular system, a coiled flow inverter (CFI) crystallizer with an inner diameter of 1.6 mm was designed. It was characterized concerning its residence time behavior, tested for operation with seed crystals or an ultrasonic seed crystal unit, and evaluated for different purging mechanisms for stable operation. The residence time behavior in the CFI corresponds to ideal plug flow behavior. Crystal growth using seed crystals was demonstrated in the CFI for two amino acids. For fewer seed crystals, higher crystal growth rates were determined, while at the same time, secondary nucleation was observed. Feasibility for the interconnection of a sonicated seeding crystal unit could be shown. However, the hurdles are also identified and discussed. Prophylactic flushing combined with a photosensor for distinguishing between solvent and suspension phase can lead to stable and resource-efficient operation. The small-scale CFI technology was investigated in detail, and the limits and opportunities of the technology are presented here.
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10
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Wurzel P, Ackermann J, Schäfer H, Scharf S, Hansmann ML, Koch I. Detection of follicular regions in actin-stained whole slide images of the human lymph node by shock filter. Biol Chem 2021; 402:991-999. [PMID: 34261206 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2020-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human lymph nodes play a central part of immune defense against infection agents and tumor cells. Lymphoid follicles are compartments of the lymph node which are spherical, mainly filled with B cells. B cells are cellular components of the adaptive immune systems. In the course of a specific immune response, lymphoid follicles pass different morphological differentiation stages. The morphology and the spatial distribution of lymphoid follicles can be sometimes associated to a particular causative agent and development stage of a disease. We report our new approach for the automatic detection of follicular regions in histological whole slide images of tissue sections immuno-stained with actin. The method is divided in two phases: (1) shock filter-based detection of transition points and (2) segmentation of follicular regions. Follicular regions in 10 whole slide images were manually annotated by visual inspection, and sample surveys were conducted by an expert pathologist. The results of our method were validated by comparing with the manual annotation. On average, we could achieve a Zijbendos similarity index of 0.71, with a standard deviation of 0.07.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wurzel
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Molecular Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, Robert-Mayer-Str. 11-15, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Ackermann
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Molecular Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, Robert-Mayer-Str. 11-15, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schäfer
- Hospital of the Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sonja Scharf
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Molecular Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, Robert-Mayer-Str. 11-15, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin-Leo Hansmann
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Ruth-Moufang-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ina Koch
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Molecular Bioinformatics, Institute of Computer Science, Robert-Mayer-Str. 11-15, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Salami H, McDonald MA, Bommarius AS, Rousseau RW, Grover MA. In Situ Imaging Combined with Deep Learning for Crystallization Process Monitoring: Application to Cephalexin Production. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Salami
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Matthew A. McDonald
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Andreas S. Bommarius
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Ronald W. Rousseau
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Martha A. Grover
- School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta Georgia 30332, United States
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12
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Abstract
AbstractNucleation in continuously operated capillary coiled cooling crystallizers is experimentally investigated under the influence of ultrasound. It was found that there is no sharp boundary but rather a transition zone for nucleation under sonication. For this purpose, a tube with an inner diameter of 1.6 mm and a length of 6 m was winded in a coiled flow inverter (CFI) design and immersed into a cooled ultrasonic bath (37 kHz). The CFI design was chosen for improved radial mixing and narrow residence time distribution, which is also investigated. Amino acid l-alanine dissolved in deionized water is employed in a supersaturation range of 1.10 to 1.46 under quiet and sonicated conditions. Nucleation is non-invasive detected using a flow cell equipped with a microscope and camera.
Graphical abstract
Since the interest and demand for small-scale, continuous crystallization increases, seed crystals were generated in a coiled tube via sonication and optically investigated and characterized. No distinct threshold for nucleation could be determined in a wide range of supersaturations of l-alanine in water
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13
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Huo Y, Guan D. Size measurement and prediction for L-glutamic acid crystal growth during stirred crystallization based on imaging analysis. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2021; 18:1864-1878. [PMID: 33757215 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2021097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a crystal image analysis method is presented to measure and predict crystal sizes, based on cooling crystallization of β-form L-glutamic acid (LGA) by using an in-situ non-invasive imaging system. The proposed method consists of image restoration, image segmentation, crystal size measurement, and size prediction. To cope with the effects of noise pollution, uneven illumination and movement blurring, the image processing method is conducted for segmenting crystal images captured from the stirring reactor. Thus, the crystal size distribution for crystal population is obtained by using a probability density function. In addition, a short-term prediction method is given for crystal sizes. An experimental study on the cooling crystallization process of β-form LGA is shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huo
- College of Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Diyuan Guan
- College of Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang 110044, China
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14
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Lins J, Heisel S, Wohlgemuth K. Quantification of internal crystal defects using image analysis. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Curitiba Marcellos CF, Senna Figueiredo CM, Tavares FW, Souza MB, Cunha Lage PL, Silva JFC, Secchi AR, Barreto AG. Inferring kinetic dissolution of
NaCl
in aqueous glycol solution using a low‐cost apparatus and population balance model. CAN J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frederico W. Tavares
- Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (COPPE) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Maurício Bezerra Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | | | - Argimiro R. Secchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (COPPE) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Amaro G. Barreto
- Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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16
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Sun F, Liu T, Cao Y, Ni X, Nagy ZK. Kinetic parameter estimation for cooling crystallization process based on cell average technique and automatic differentiation. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Huo Y, Liu T, Yang Y, Ma CY, Wang XZ, Ni X. In Situ Measurement of 3D Crystal Size Distribution by Double-View Image Analysis with Case Study on l-Glutamic Acid Crystallization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
- Institute of Advanced Control Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
- College of Information Engineering, Shenyang University, Shenyang, 110044, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
- Institute of Advanced Control Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Optimization for Industrial Equipment of Ministry of Education, Dalian 116024, China
- Institute of Advanced Control Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Cai Y. Ma
- Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Xue Z. Wang
- Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiongwei Ni
- School of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
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18
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Heisel S, Holtkötter J, Wohlgemuth K. Measurement of agglomeration during crystallization: Is the differentiation of aggregates and agglomerates via ultrasonic irradiation possible? Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.115214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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19
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Heisel S, Ernst J, Emshoff A, Schembecker G, Wohlgemuth K. Shape-independent particle classification for discrimination of single crystals and agglomerates. POWDER TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Zhang F, Liu T, Chen W, Ma CY, Wang XZ. Seed Recipe Design for Batch Cooling Crystallization with Application to l-Glutamic Acid. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b06006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangkun Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Control Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Advanced Control Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Weixu Chen
- Institute of Advanced Control Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Cai Y. Ma
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xue Z. Wang
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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21
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Cardona J, Ferreira C, McGinty J, Hamilton A, Agimelen OS, Cleary A, Atkinson R, Michie C, Marshall S, Chen YC, Sefcik J, Andonovic I, Tachtatzis C. Image analysis framework with focus evaluation for in situ characterisation of particle size and shape attributes. Chem Eng Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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22
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Heisel S, Rolfes M, Wohlgemuth K. Discrimination between Single Crystals and Agglomerates during the Crystallization Process. Chem Eng Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Heisel
- TU Dortmund University; Laboratory of Plant and Process Design; Emil-Figge-Strasse 70 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Mareike Rolfes
- TU Dortmund University; Laboratory of Plant and Process Design; Emil-Figge-Strasse 70 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Kerstin Wohlgemuth
- TU Dortmund University; Laboratory of Plant and Process Design; Emil-Figge-Strasse 70 44227 Dortmund Germany
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23
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Heisel S, Kovačević T, Briesen H, Schembecker G, Wohlgemuth K. Variable selection and training set design for particle classification using a linear and a non-linear classifier. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Huo Y, Liu T, Wang XZ, Ma CY, Ni X. Online Detection of Particle Agglomeration during Solution Crystallization by Microscopic Double-View Image Analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huo
- Institute
of Advanced Control Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute
of Advanced Control Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xue Z. Wang
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Cai Y. Ma
- School
of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Xiongwei Ni
- School
of Engineering and Physical Science, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, U.K
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25
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Zhang R, Ma CY, Liu JJ, Zhang Y, Liu YJ, Wang XZ. Stereo imaging camera model for 3D shape reconstruction of complex crystals and estimation of facet growth kinetics. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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