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Li C, Cui Y, Shi X, Gao J, Lan X. CFD simulation of mass transfer in bubble columns: Detailed study of mass transfer models. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Khan H, Lehnigk R, Rzehak R. Euler-Euler Simulation of Absorption and Desorption in Co- and Counter-current Bubble Column Flows. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Young S, Pourmahdavi M, Hutchison A, Millar D. Gas absorption in a hydraulic air compressor. Part I: Simultaneous hydrodynamic and mass transfer bubbly flow model. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kappelt C, Rzehak R. Investigation of Fluid-dynamics and Mass-transfer in a Bubbly Mixing Layer by Euler-Euler Simulation. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Salama A, Van Geel PJ, Kou J, Husein MM. Investigation of the Different Regimes Associated with the Growth of an Interface at the Exit of a Capillary Tube into a Reservoir: Analytical Solutions and CFD Validation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:10274-10287. [PMID: 35944206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of a droplet from a capillary tube opening into a reservoir is an important phenomenon in several applications. In this work, we are particularly interested in this phenomenon in an attempt to highlight the physics behind droplet appearance. The emergence of a droplet from a tube opening into a reservoir under quasi-static conditions passes through three stages. The first stage starts when the meniscus in the tube reaches the exit. At this moment, the meniscus intersects the wall of the tube at the equilibrium contact angle. The interface then develops until its radius of curvature becomes equal to the tube radius. During this stage, the capillary pressure increases. In the second stage, the interface continues to evolve with its radius of curvature increasing until the static contact angle with respect to the surface of the reservoir is achieved. This marks the end of the second stage and the start of the third in which the contact line (CL) starts to depart the tube opening along the reservoir surface and the contact angle remains constant. Analytical models for the three stages have been derived based on the law of conservation of linear momentum. The models account for pressure, gravitational, capillary, and viscous forces, while inertia force is ignored. The model can predict the profiles of the mean velocity in the tube, the capillary pressure, and the evolution of the contact angle. In addition, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation has been conducted to provide a framework for validation and verification of the developed model. The CFD simulation shows qualitative behavior in terms of snapshots of the emerging droplet with time similar to that speculated by the analytical model. In addition, quantitative comparisons with respect to velocity, pressure, and volume profiles of the droplet show very good agreement, which builds confidence in the modeling approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amgad Salama
- Process System Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - Paul J Van Geel
- Civil & Environmental Engineering Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Jisheng Kou
- School of Civil Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang, China
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, Hubei, China
| | - Maen M Husein
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Ngu V, Morchain J, Cockx A. In-depth analysis of reactive bubbly flow using two-way coupled spatio-temporal 1D model. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Modeling and Simulation of Photobioreactors with Computational Fluid Dynamics—A Comprehensive Review. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15113966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) have been frequently applied to model the growth conditions in photobioreactors, which are affected in a complex way by multiple, interacting physical processes. We review common photobioreactor types and discuss the processes occurring therein as well as how these processes have been considered in previous CFD models. The analysis reveals that CFD models of photobioreactors do often not consider state-of-the-art modeling approaches. As a comprehensive photobioreactor model consists of several sub-models, we review the most relevant models for the simulation of fluid flows, light propagation, heat and mass transfer and growth kinetics as well as state-of-the-art models for turbulence and interphase forces, revealing their strength and deficiencies. In addition, we review the population balance equation, breakage and coalescence models and discretization methods since the predicted bubble size distribution critically depends on them. This comprehensive overview of the available models provides a unique toolbox for generating CFD models of photobioreactors. Directions future research should take are also discussed, mainly consisting of an extensive experimental validation of the single models for specific photobioreactor geometries, as well as more complete and sophisticated integrated models by virtue of the constant increase of the computational capacity.
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Spatio-temporal 1D gas–liquid model for biological methanation in lab scale and industrial bubble column. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Karimi M, Widén T, Nygård Y, Olsson L, Ström H. Towards enhancement of gas-liquid mass transfer in bioelectrochemical systems: Validation of a robust CFD model. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3953-3961. [PMID: 34173986 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mass transfer has been identified as a major bottleneck in gas fermentation and microbial conversion of carbon dioxide to chemicals. We present a pragmatic and validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model for mass transfer in bioelectrochemical systems. Experiments were conducted to measure mixing times and mass transfer in a Duran bottle and an H-cell. An Eulerian-Eulerian framework with a simplified model for the bubble size distribution (BSD) was developed that utilized only one additional equation for the bubble number density while including the breakup and coalescence. Validations of the CFD model for mixing times showed that the predictions were within the confidence intervals of the measurements, verifying the model's capability in simulating the hydrodynamics. Further validations were performed using constant and varying bubble diameters for the mass transfer. The results showed the benefits of a simplified BSD model, as it yielded improvements of seven and four times in accuracy when assessed against the experimental data for the Duran bottle and H-cell, respectively. Modeling of the H-cell predicted that a lower stirring rate improves mass transfer compared with higher stirring rates, which is of great importance when designing microbial cultivation processes. The model offers a feasible framework for advanced modeling of gas fermentation and microbial electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Karimi
- Department of Mechanical and Maritime Sciences, Division of Fluid Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tove Widén
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yvonne Nygård
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Ström
- Department of Mechanical and Maritime Sciences, Division of Fluid Dynamics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Chen J, Brooks CS. Experiments and CFD simulation of mass transfer and hydrodynamics in a cylindrical bubble column. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Rzehak R, Liao Y, Meller R, Schlegel F, Lehnigk R, Lucas D. Radial pressure forces in Euler-Euler simulations of turbulent bubbly pipe flows. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2021.111079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Liu J, Zhou P, Liu L, Chen S, Song Y, Yan H. CFD modeling of reactive absorption of CO2 in aqueous NaOH in a rectangular bubble column: Comparison of mass transfer and enhancement factor model. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Taborda MA, Sommerfeld M, Muniz M. LES-Euler/Lagrange modelling of bubble columns considering mass transfer, chemical reactions and effects of bubble dynamics. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
The mixing process in a mechanically agitated vessel is a widespread phenomenon which plays an important role among industrial processes. In that process, one of the crucial parameters, the mixing efficiency, depends on a large number of geometrical factors, as well as process parameters and complex interactions between the phases which are still not well understood. In the last decade, large progress has been made in optimisation, construction and numerical and experimental analysis of mechanically agitated vessels. In this review, the current state in this field has been presented. It shows that advanced computational fluid dynamic techniques for multiphase flow analysis with reactions and modern experimental techniques can be used with success to analyse in detail mixing features in liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, solid-liquid and in more than two-phase flows. The objective is to show the most important research recently carried out.
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Hissanaga A, Padoin N, Paladino E. Mass transfer modeling and simulation of a transient homogeneous bubbly flow in a bubble column. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Krepper E, Rzehak R, Lucas D. Validation of a closure model framework for turbulent bubbly two-phase flow in different flow situations. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Liu Q, Liang XF, Luo XJ, Luo ZH. A PBM-CFD Model with Optimized PBM-Customized Drag Equations for Chemisorption of CO2 in a Bubble Column. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2017-0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this work, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach based on two-fluid model (TFM) is introduced to describe the reversible two-step reactions found in the chemisorption process of ${\text{C}}{{\text{O}}_2}$ by an aqueous ${\text{NaOH}}$ solution in a lab-scale bubble column reactor. The population balance model (PBM) is applied to track the bubble size distribution with considering the coalescence and breakage terms, which then leads to a CFD-PBM model for describing the chemisorption of CO2 in an aqueous ${\text{NaOH}}$ solution. Drag force is considered for the interfacial momentum transfer and a modified PBM-customized drag model with the correction factor is subsequently adopted, in which the contribution of different bubble size groups in each computational cell is computed. The tested boundary conditions include superficial gas velocities, gas-inlet sparger and the reactor dimension. Detailed and comprehensive investigations are done in the evolution of gas holdup, pH value, concentration distribution and bubble diameter distribution which are essential in optimizing the reactor performance in terms of yield and selectivity. Importantly, the current CFD-PBM model is able to predict the entire reaction process.
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