1
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Qin T, Xi Z, Zhao L, Yuan W. Monte Carlo simulation of sequential structure control of AN-MA-IA aqueous copolymerization by different operation modes. Chin J Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Influence of RAFT Agent on the Mechanism of Copolymerization of Polypropylene Glycol Maleinate with Acrylic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091884. [PMID: 35567053 PMCID: PMC9101380 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown the possibility of synthesizing new polymers based on polypropylene glycol maleate with acrylic acid in the presence of a RAFT agent (2-Cyano-2-propyl dodecyl trithiocarbonate CPDT). The effect of RAFT agent concentration on network density has been shown to be connected with product yield. Herein, the composition of the obtained copolymers was determined using FTIR spectrometry in combination with the chemometric method of partial least squares (or projection to latent structures). To investigate the synthesized hydrogels, the degrees of equilibrium swelling was studied. The resulting objects were characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The surface morphology of the polymers was studied and the pore sizes were estimated using scanning electron microscopy. The structure of the test samples was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. The thermal stability of crosslinked polymers was determined using thermogravimetry.
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3
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Precision Polymer Synthesis by Controlled Radical Polymerization: Fusing the progress from Polymer Chemistry and Reaction Engineering. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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4
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Popa S, Mosoarca G, Macarie L, Plesu N, Ilia G, Tara-Lunga-Mihali M. Copolymerization of butyl acrylate with methyl methacrylate in a bubble column reactor and the use of copolymer in corrosion protection. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Wu Y, Figueira FL, Edeleva M, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR, Zhou Y, Luo Z. Cost‐efficient modeling of distributed molar mass and topological variations in graft copolymer synthesis by upgrading the method of moments. AIChE J 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | | | - Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Ghent Belgium
- Centre for Textiles Science and Engineering (CTSE) Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - Yin‐Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng‐Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai People's Republic of China
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6
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Reyes P, Edeleva M, D’hooge DR, Cardon L, Cornillie P. Combining Chromatographic, Rheological, and Mechanical Analysis to Study the Manufacturing Potential of Acrylic Blends into Polyacrylic Casts. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14226939. [PMID: 34832341 PMCID: PMC8621424 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Polyacrylics have been considered for a broad range of material applications, including coatings, dental applications, and adhesives. In this experimental study, the casting potential of a group of (co)monomers belonging to the acrylic family has been explored to enable a more sustainable use of these polymer materials in the medical and veterinary science field. The individual contributions of each comonomer have been analyzed, the reaction conversion has been studied via gas chromatography (GC), the rheological behavior has been characterized via stress-controlled measurements, and the final mechanical properties have been obtained from tensile, flexure, and impact tests. The GC results allow assessing the pot life and thus the working window of the casting process. For the rheological measurements, which start from low-viscous mixtures, a novel protocol has been introduced to obtain accurate absolute data. The rheological data reflect the time dependencies of the GC data but facilitate a more direct link with the macroscopic material data. Specifically, the steep increase in the viscosity with increasing reaction time for the methyl methacrylate (MMA)/ethylene glycol dimethyl methacrylate (EGDMA) case (2% crosslinker) allows maximizing several mechanical properties: the tensile/flexure modulus, the tensile/flexure stress at break, and the impact strength. This opens the pathway to more dedicated chemistry design for corrosion casting and polyacrylic material design in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Reyes
- Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Centre for Textiles Science and Engineering (CTSE), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Correspondence: (D.R.D.); (P.C.)
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies (CPMT), Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Pieter Cornillie
- Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium;
- Correspondence: (D.R.D.); (P.C.)
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7
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Edeleva M, Van Steenberge PH, Sabbe MK, D’hooge DR. Connecting Gas-Phase Computational Chemistry to Condensed Phase Kinetic Modeling: The State-of-the-Art. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3027. [PMID: 34577928 PMCID: PMC8467432 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, quantum chemical calculations (QCC) have increased in accuracy, not only providing the ranking of chemical reactivities and energy barriers (e.g., for optimal selectivities) but also delivering more reliable equilibrium and (intrinsic/chemical) rate coefficients. This increased reliability of kinetic parameters is relevant to support the predictive character of kinetic modeling studies that are addressing actual concentration changes during chemical processes, taking into account competitive reactions and mixing heterogeneities. In the present contribution, guidelines are formulated on how to bridge the fields of computational chemistry and chemical kinetics. It is explained how condensed phase systems can be described based on conventional gas phase computational chemistry calculations. Case studies are included on polymerization kinetics, considering free and controlled radical polymerization, ionic polymerization, and polymer degradation. It is also illustrated how QCC can be directly linked to material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Paul H.M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
| | - Maarten K. Sabbe
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
- Industrial Catalysis and Adsorption Technology (INCAT), Ghent University, Valentin Vaerwyckweg 1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium; (P.H.M.V.S.); (M.K.S.)
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE), Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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8
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Marien YW, Edeleva M, Figueira FL, Arraez FJ, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR. Translating Simulated Chain Length and Molar Mass Distributions in Chain‐Growth Polymerization for Experimental Comparison and Mechanistic Insight. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.202100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Freddy L. Figueira
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | - Francisco J. Arraez
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT) Ghent University Technologiepark 125 Gent B‐9052 Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering Ghent University Technologiepark 70a Gent B‐9052 Belgium
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9
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Dogu O, Plehiers PP, Van de Vijver R, D’hooge DR, Van Steenberge PHM, Van Geem KM. Distribution Changes during Thermal Degradation of Poly(styrene peroxide) by Pairing Tree-Based Kinetic Monte Carlo and Artificial Intelligence Tools. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Dogu
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Pieter P. Plehiers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Ruben Van de Vijver
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE), Technologiepark 70a, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Kevin M. Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
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10
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Edeleva M, Marien YW, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR. Jacket temperature regulation allowing well-defined non-adiabatic lab-scale solution free radical polymerization of acrylates. REACT CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1re00099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Conventional batch solution free radical polymerization of n-butyl acrylate with thermal initiators such as AIBN is known to be strongly exothermic and influenced by highly activated side reactions such as backbiting and β-scission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Edeleva
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | - Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE)
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11
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Saldívar‐Guerra E. Numerical Techniques for the Solution of the Molecular Weight Distribution in Polymerization Mechanisms, State of the Art. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Saldívar‐Guerra
- Centro de Investigación en Química AplicadaBlvd. Enrique Reyna 140 Saltillo Coahuila 25294 México
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12
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Zhou YN, Li JJ, Wu YY, Luo ZH. Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2950-3048. [PMID: 32083844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities to regulate polymerizations in terms of process intensification and spatial and temporal controls. Gas as an emerging regulator plays a distinctive role in controlling polymerization and resembles a physical regulator in some cases. This review provides a systematic overview of seven types of external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth to step-growth polymerization. A detailed account of the relevant mechanism and kinetics is provided to better understand the role of each external field in polymerization. In addition, given the crucial role of modeling and simulation in mechanisms and kinetics investigation, an overview of model construction and typical numerical methods used in this field as well as highlights of the interaction between experiment and simulation toward kinetics in the existing systems are given. At the end, limitations and future perspectives for this field are critically discussed. This state-of-the-art research progress not only provides the fundamental principles underlying external-field-regulated polymerizations but also stimulates new development of advanced polymerization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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13
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De Smit K, Marien YW, Van Geem KM, Van Steenberge PHM, D'hooge DR. Connecting polymer synthesis and chemical recycling on a chain-by-chain basis: a unified matrix-based kinetic Monte Carlo strategy. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00266f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polymer synthesis and subsequent depolymerisation/degradation are linked at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyann De Smit
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | - Yoshi W. Marien
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | - Kevin M. Van Geem
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
| | | | - Dagmar R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT)
- Ghent University
- 9052 Zwijnaarde
- Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering (CTSE)
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14
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Zetterlund PB, D’hooge DR. The Nanoreactor Concept: Kinetic Features of Compartmentalization in Dispersed Phase Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Per B. Zetterlund
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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15
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De Rybel N, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, D’hooge DR, Marin GB. Interplay of Head, Tail, and Mid-Chain Radicals in Bulk Free-Radical and Reversible Degenerative Addition Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerizations of Vinyl Acetate. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nils De Rybel
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Textiles, Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul H. M. Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Françoise Reyniers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Textiles, Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70A, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Devlaminck DJG, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, D'hooge DR. Modeling of Miniemulsion Polymerization of Styrene with Macro-RAFT Agents to Theoretically Compare Slow Fragmentation, Ideal Exchange and Cross-Termination Cases. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E320. [PMID: 30960304 PMCID: PMC6419184 DOI: 10.3390/polym11020320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-dimensional Smith-Ewart based model is developed to understand differences for reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) miniemulsion polymerization with theoretical agents mimicking cases of slow fragmentation, cross-termination, and ideal exchange while accounting for chain length and monomer conversion dependencies due to diffusional limitations. The focus is on styrene as a monomer, a water soluble initiator, and a macro-RAFT agent to avoid exit/entry of the RAFT leaving group radical. It is shown that with a too low RAFT fragmentation rate coefficient it is generally not afforded to consider zero-one kinetics (for the related intermediate radical type) and that with significant RAFT cross-termination the dead polymer product is dominantly originating from the RAFT intermediate radical. To allow the identification of the nature of the RAFT retardation it is recommended to experimentally investigate in the future the impact of the average particle size (dp) on both the monomer conversion profile and the average polymer properties for a sufficiently broad dp range, ideally including the bulk limit. With decreasing particle size both a slow RAFT fragmentation and a fast RAFT cross-termination result in a stronger segregation and thus rate acceleration. The particle size dependency is different, allowing further differentiation based on the variation of the dispersity and end-group functionality. Significant RAFT cross-termination is specifically associated with a strong dispersity increase at higher average particle sizes. Only with an ideal exchange it is afforded in the modeling to avoid the explicit calculation of the RAFT intermediate concentration evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries J G Devlaminck
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Paul H M Van Steenberge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marie-Françoise Reyniers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dagmar R D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology (LCT), Ghent University, Technologiepark 914, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 907, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium.
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17
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Devlaminck DJG, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, D’hooge DR. Deterministic Modeling of Degenerative RAFT Miniemulsion Polymerization Rate and Average Polymer Characteristics: Invalidity of Zero–One Nature at Higher Monomer Conversions. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Haven JJ, Junkers T. Mapping Dithiobenzoate-Mediated RAFT Polymerization Products via Online Microreactor/Mass Spectrometry Monitoring. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1228. [PMID: 30961153 PMCID: PMC6290620 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
2-cyano-2-propyl dithiobenzoates (CPDB)-mediated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization was monitored by online flow microreactor/mass spectrometry. This enabled the reactions to be followed in a time-resolved manner, closely resolving product patterns in the reaction mixtures at any point in time. RAFT polymerization was investigated for low RAFT to monomer ratios, enabling the monitoring of the early stages of a typical RAFT polymerization. The expected transition from pre- to the RAFT main equilibrium is observed. However, very high abundancies for cross-termination products were also identified, both in the pre- and main equilibrium stage. This is a somewhat surprising result as such products have always been expected, but to date have not been observed in the majority of studies. Product isolation and NMR analysis revealed that cross-termination occurs in the para position of the benzoate ring and becomes fully irreversible via re-aromatization of the ring in a H-shift reaction. The present data suggest a pronounced chain-length dependence of the cross-termination reaction, which would explain why the products are seen here, but not in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris J Haven
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Polymer Reaction Design Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University, 19 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
- Institute for Materials Research, Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium.
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19
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Zapata-González I, Saldívar-Guerra E, Ruiz-Villegas J. Pseudo-Homopolymerization Approach To Predict the Molecular Weight Distribution in the Copolymerization via Activator Regenerated by Electron Transfer Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Zapata-González
- Catedrático CONACYT, Tecnológico Nacional de México-I.T. de Tijuana, Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | | | - Jesús Ruiz-Villegas
- Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Tijuana, Baja California, México
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20
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Dhar A, Koiry BP, Haloi DJ. Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) via ARGET ATRP and study of the effect of solvents and temperatures on its polymerization kinetics. INT J CHEM KINET 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Dhar
- Department of Chemistry; Bodoland University; Kokrajhar India
| | - Bishnu P. Koiry
- B.Voc. Rubber Technology; Tripura University; Suryamaninagar India
| | - Dhruba J. Haloi
- Department of Chemistry; Bodoland University; Kokrajhar India
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21
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Tian X, Ding J, Zhang B, Qiu F, Zhuang X, Chen Y. Recent Advances in RAFT Polymerization: Novel Initiation Mechanisms and Optoelectronic Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E318. [PMID: 30966354 PMCID: PMC6415088 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) is considered to be one of most famous reversible deactivation radical polymerization protocols. Benefiting from its living or controlled polymerization process, complex polymeric architectures with controlled molecular weight, low dispersity, as well as various functionality have been constructed, which could be applied in wide fields, including materials, biology, and electrology. Under the continuous research improvement, main achievements have focused on the development of new RAFT techniques, containing fancy initiation methods (e.g., photo, metal, enzyme, redox and acid), sulfur-free RAFT system and their applications in many fields. This review summarizes the current advances in major bright spot of novel RAFT techniques as well as their potential applications in the optoelectronic field, especially in the past a few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Junjie Ding
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Thermal Ageing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dongchuan Road 800, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) & Department of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Applied Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Fierens SK, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, D'hooge DR, Marin GB. Analytical and advanced kinetic models for characterization of chain-growth copolymerization: the state-of-the-art. REACT CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7re00206h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A detailed overview is given on the currently developed analytical and advanced kinetic models to calculate the main bulk/solution chain-growth copolymerization characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Fierens
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology
- Ghent University
- B-9052 Gent
- Belgium
| | | | - M.-F. Reyniers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology
- Ghent University
- B-9052 Gent
- Belgium
| | - D. R. D'hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology
- Ghent University
- B-9052 Gent
- Belgium
- Centre for Textiles Science and Engineering
| | - G. B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology
- Ghent University
- B-9052 Gent
- Belgium
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