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Tran TD, Nezamabadi S, Bayle JP, Amarsid L, Radjai F. Contact networks and force transmission in aggregates of hexapod-shaped particles. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3411-3424. [PMID: 38506840 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01762a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Hexapods, consisting of three mutually orthogonal arms, have been utilized as a representative nonconvex shape to demonstrate the impact of interlocking on the strength properties of granular materials. Nevertheless, the microstructural characteristics of hexapod packings, which underlie their strength, have remained insufficiently characterized. We use particle dynamics simulations to build isotropically-packed aggregates of hexapods and we analyze the effects of aspect ratio and interparticle friction on the microstructure and force transmission. We find that the packing fraction is an unmonotonic function of aspect ratio due to competition between steric exclusions and interlocking. Interestingly, the contact coordination number declines considerably with friction coefficient, showing the stronger effect of friction on the stability of hexapod packings as compared with sphere packings. The pair distribution functions show that local ordering due to steric exclusions disappears beyond the aspect ratio 3 and the hexapods touch their second neighbors. Remarkably, hexapods of aspect ratio 3 tend to align with their neighbors and form locally ordered structures, implying a contact coordination number which is highly sensitive to the confining pressure. We also show that the probability density function of forces between hexapods is similar to that of sphere packings but with broadening exponential fall-off of strong forces as aspect ratio increases. Finally, the elastic bulk modulus of the aggregates is found to increase considerably with aspect ratio as a consequence of the rapid increase of contact density and the number of contacts with second neighbors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trieu-Duy Tran
- LMGC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
- CEA/ISEC/DMRC, University of Montpellier, Marcoule F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze cedex, France
| | | | - Jean-Philippe Bayle
- CEA/ISEC/DMRC, University of Montpellier, Marcoule F-30207 Bagnols sur Cèze cedex, France
| | - Lhassan Amarsid
- CEA, DES, IRESNE, DEC, Cadarache F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Farhang Radjai
- LMGC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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Wang S, Wei Z, Ji S. Investigation of the flow characteristics of spherical harmonic particles using the level set method. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.118069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Deshpande R, Mahiques E, Wirtz S, Scherer V. Resolving particle shape in DEM simulations from tabulated geometry information. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Using mesoscale drag model-augmented coarse-grid simulation to design fluidized bed reactor: Effect of bed internals and sizes. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Traction chain networks: Insights beyond force chain networks for non-spherical particle systems. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Hwang S, Pan J, Sunny AA, Fan LS. A machine learning-based particle-particle collision model for non-spherical particles with arbitrary shape. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hafez A, Liu Q, Finkbeiner T, Alouhali RA, Moellendick TE, Santamarina JC. The effect of particle shape on discharge and clogging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3309. [PMID: 33558548 PMCID: PMC7870973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82744-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Granular flow is common across different fields from energy resource recovery and mineral processing to grain transport and traffic flow. Migrating particles may jam and form arches that span constrictions and hinder particle flow. Most studies have investigated the migration and clogging of spherical particles, however, natural particles are rarely spherical, but exhibit eccentricity, angularity and roughness. New experiments explore the discharge of cubes, 2D crosses, 3D crosses and spheres under dry conditions and during particle-laden fluid flow. Variables include orifice-to-particle size ratio and solidity. Cubes and 3D crosses are the most prone to clogging because of their ability to interlock or the development of face-to-face contacts that can resist torque and enhance bridging. Spheres arriving to the orifice must be correctly positioned to create stable bridges, while flat 2D crosses orient their longest axes in the direction of flowlines across the orifice and favor flow. Intermittent clogging causes kinetic retardation in particle-laden flow even in the absence of inertial effects; the gradual increase in the local particle solidity above the constriction enhances particle interactions and the probability of clogging. The discharge volume before clogging is a Poisson process for small orifice-to-particle size ratio; however, the clogging probability becomes history-dependent for non-spherical particles at large orifice-to-particle size ratio and high solidities, i.e., when particle–particle interactions and interlocking gain significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hafez
- Earth Science and Engineering, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qi Liu
- Earth Science and Engineering, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Finkbeiner
- Earth Science and Engineering, KAUST, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Discrete element modeling and simulation of non-spherical particles using polyhedrons and super-ellipsoids. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Feng ZK, Xu WJ, Lubbe R. Three-dimensional morphological characteristics of particles in nature and its application for DEM simulation. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Orefice L, Khinast JG. A novel framework for a rational, fully-automatised calibration routine for DEM models of cohesive powders. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Liu GY, Xu WJ, Govender N, Wilke DN. A cohesive fracture model for discrete element method based on polyhedral blocks. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.09.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Zhu L, Wang N, Lu H, Liu H. Effects of elongated particles rotation on discharge flow of mixed granular systems. Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yeom SB, Ha ES, Kim MS, Jeong SH, Hwang SJ, Choi DH. Application of the Discrete Element Method for Manufacturing Process Simulation in the Pharmaceutical Industry. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E414. [PMID: 31443327 PMCID: PMC6723742 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Process simulation using mathematical modeling tools is becoming more common in the pharmaceutical industry. A mechanistic model is a mathematical modeling tool that can enhance process understanding, reduce experimentation cost and improve product quality. A commonly used mechanistic modeling approach for powder is the discrete element method (DEM). Most pharmaceutical materials have powder or granular material. Therefore, DEM might be widely applied in the pharmaceutical industry. This review focused on the basic elements of DEM and its implementations in pharmaceutical manufacturing simulation. Contact models and input parameters are essential elements in DEM simulation. Contact models computed contact forces acting on the particle-particle and particle-geometry interactions. Input parameters were divided into two types-material properties and interaction parameters. Various calibration methods were presented to define the interaction parameters of pharmaceutical materials. Several applications of DEM simulation in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, such as milling, blending, granulation and coating, were categorized and summarized. Based on this review, DEM simulation might provide a systematic process understanding and process control to ensure the quality of a drug product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bin Yeom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gyeongnam 621-749, Korea
| | - Eun-Sol Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro 63 beon-gil, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | | | - Sung-Joo Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea
| | - Du Hyung Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inje University, Gyeongnam 621-749, Korea.
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Madlmeir S, Loidolt P, Khinast JG. Study of the capsule-filling dosator process via calibrated DEM simulations. Int J Pharm 2019; 567:118441. [PMID: 31212054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Capsule filling is frequently accomplished via the dosator process. Controlling the main quality attributes, i.e., the fill weight and the fill weight variability, requires excellent process understanding. For the investigation of critical process parameters of low-dose capsule filling, DEM simulations were used. Two contact models (Hertz model and Luding model) were calibrated and validated to represent the lactose powder Lactohale 100. Both models gave good results, yet the Luding model resulted in better predictions. Since the dosator process is a volume-based approach, the dosator geometry is an important factor. We provide evidence that not only the volume, but also the proportions of the dosator affect the capsule fill weight. Slim nozzle chambers cause lower mass due to increased wall friction impact. The process is not volumetric, as a fill weight to volume correlation does not exist. Furthermore, the fill weight increases with higher powder beds and smaller gaps between the nozzle tip and the container bottom due to higher densification of the powder. Fill weight variations due to bed inhomogeneity were investigated by varying the bulk density of the initial powder bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Madlmeir
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, TU Graz, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Loidolt
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, TU Graz, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes G Khinast
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, TU Graz, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Kureck H, Govender N, Siegmann E, Boehling P, Radeke C, Khinast JG. Industrial scale simulations of tablet coating using GPU based DEM: A validation study. Chem Eng Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2019.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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17
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Fitzgerald BW, Zarghami A, Mahajan VV, Sanjeevi SK, Mema I, Verma V, El Hasadi YM, Padding JT. Multiscale simulation of elongated particles in fluidised beds. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE: X 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cesx.2019.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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