1
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Yan Y, Wang J, Lu X, Yuan W, Zhang X. Nucleation-Supersaturation Dual-Drive Crystallization Strategy Enables Efficient Protein Crystallization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2307924. [PMID: 38072771 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A rational crystallization strategy is essential to obtain high-quality protein crystals, yet the established methods suffer from different limitations arising from the single regulation on either nucleation or supersaturation. Herein, a nucleation-supersaturation dual-driven crystallization (DDC) strategy that realizes synergistic regulation of heterogeneous nucleation sites and solution supersaturation based on dual surface and confinement effects for efficient protein crystallization is reported. This strategy relies on a p(PEGDA-co-DMAA) hydrogel template with pre-filled NaCl under designed concentrations. Once dropping hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) protein solution on the hydrogel, the wrinkled surface provides numerous nucleation sites, while the internal structure regulates the solution supersaturation in the crystallization region through diffusion. Finally, DDC strategy can create high-quality HEWL crystals with large sizes (100-300 µm), well-defined morphologies (hexagon and tetragon), and a significantly accelerated nucleation time (9-12 times faster than that achieved using the conventional hanging drop method). It also performs well at wider protein concentrations (10-50 mg mL-1) and categories (e.g., achieving fast crystallization and large-size crystals of trypsin), therefore demonstrating clear advantages and great potential for efficiently fabricating protein crystals desirable for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Junyou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Materials Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuechun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weikang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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2
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Mettler M, Dewandre A, Tumanov N, Wouters J, Septavaux J. Single crystal formation in core-shell capsules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12739-12742. [PMID: 37801289 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03727d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
This work extends the scope of microfluidic-based crystallization methods by introducing solid microcapsules. Hundreds of perfectly similar microcapsules were generated per second, allowing a fast screening of crystallization conditions. XRD analyses were performed directly on encapsulated single crystals demonstrating the potential of this process for the characterization of compounds, including screening polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mettler
- Secoya Technologies Fond des Més 4, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
| | - Adrien Dewandre
- Secoya Technologies Fond des Més 4, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM) Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Johan Wouters
- Namur Institute of Structured Matter (NISM) Université de Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, Namur 5000, Belgium
| | - Jean Septavaux
- Secoya Technologies Fond des Més 4, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium.
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3
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Korede V, Penha FM, de Munck V, Stam L, Dubbelman T, Nagalingam N, Gutta M, Cui P, Irimia D, van der Heijden AE, Kramer HJ, Eral HB. Design and Validation of a Droplet-based Microfluidic System To Study Non-Photochemical Laser-Induced Nucleation of Potassium Chloride Solutions. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:6067-6080. [PMID: 37547880 PMCID: PMC10401630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) has emerged as a promising primary nucleation control technique offering spatiotemporal control over crystallization with potential for polymorph control. So far, NPLIN was mostly investigated in milliliter vials, through laborious manual counting of the crystallized vials by visual inspection. Microfluidics represents an alternative to acquiring automated and statistically reliable data. Thus we designed a droplet-based microfluidic platform capable of identifying the droplets with crystals emerging upon Nd:YAG laser irradiation using the deep learning method. In our experiments, we used supersaturated solutions of KCl in water, and the effect of laser intensity, wavelength (1064, 532, and 355 nm), solution supersaturation (S), solution filtration, and intentional doping with nanoparticles on the nucleation probability is quantified and compared to control cooling crystallization experiments. Ability of dielectric polarization and the nanoparticle heating mechanisms proposed for NPLIN to explain the acquired results is tested. Solutions with lower supersaturation (S = 1.05) exhibit significantly higher NPLIN probabilities than those in the control experiments for all laser wavelengths above a threshold intensity (50 MW/cm2). At higher supersaturation studied (S = 1.10), irradiation was already effective at lower laser intensities (10 MW/cm2). No significant wavelength effect was observed besides irradiation with 355 nm light at higher laser intensities (≥50 MW/cm2). Solution filtration and intentional doping experiments showed that nanoimpurities might play a significant role in explaining NPLIN phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Korede
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frederico Marques Penha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Teknikringen 42, 114-28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent de Munck
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Stam
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Dubbelman
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nagaraj Nagalingam
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maheswari Gutta
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - PingPing Cui
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Herman J.M. Kramer
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hüseyin Burak Eral
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
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4
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Vasina M, Kovar D, Damborsky J, Ding Y, Yang T, deMello A, Mazurenko S, Stavrakis S, Prokop Z. In-depth analysis of biocatalysts by microfluidics: An emerging source of data for machine learning. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 66:108171. [PMID: 37150331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the vastly increasing demand for novel biotechnological products is supported by the continuous development of biocatalytic applications which provide sustainable green alternatives to chemical processes. The success of a biocatalytic application is critically dependent on how quickly we can identify and characterize enzyme variants fitting the conditions of industrial processes. While miniaturization and parallelization have dramatically increased the throughput of next-generation sequencing systems, the subsequent characterization of the obtained candidates is still a limiting process in identifying the desired biocatalysts. Only a few commercial microfluidic systems for enzyme analysis are currently available, and the transformation of numerous published prototypes into commercial platforms is still to be streamlined. This review presents the state-of-the-art, recent trends, and perspectives in applying microfluidic tools in the functional and structural analysis of biocatalysts. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of available technologies, their reproducibility and robustness, and readiness for routine laboratory use. We also highlight the unexplored potential of microfluidics to leverage the power of machine learning for biocatalyst development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Vasina
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Kovar
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Damborsky
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yun Ding
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tianjin Yang
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stanislav Mazurenko
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Zbynek Prokop
- Loschmidt Laboratories, Department of Experimental Biology and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic.
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5
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Lapizco-Encinas BH, Zhang YV. Microfluidic systems in clinical diagnosis. Electrophoresis 2023; 44:217-245. [PMID: 35977346 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The use of microfluidic devices is highly attractive in the field of biomedical and clinical assessments, as their portability and fast response time have become crucial in providing opportune therapeutic treatments to patients. The applications of microfluidics in clinical diagnosis and point-of-care devices are continuously growing. The present review article discusses three main fields where miniaturized devices are successfully employed in clinical applications. The quantification of ions, sugars, and small metabolites is examined considering the analysis of bodily fluids samples and the quantification of this type of analytes employing real-time wearable devices. The discussion covers the level of maturity that the devices have reached as well as cost-effectiveness. The analysis of proteins with clinical relevance is presented and organized by the function of the proteins. The last section covers devices that can perform single-cell metabolomic and proteomic assessments. Each section discusses several strategically selected recent reports on microfluidic devices successfully employed for clinical assessments, to provide the reader with a wide overview of the plethora of novel systems and microdevices developed in the last 5 years. In each section, the novel aspects and main contributions of each reviewed report are highlighted. Finally, the conclusions and future outlook section present a summary and speculate on the future direction of the field of miniaturized devices for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca H Lapizco-Encinas
- Microscale Bioseparations Laboratory and Biomedical Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Yan Victoria Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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6
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Ferreira J, Castro F. High-Throughput Protein Crystallization in an Integrated Droplet-Based Microfluidic Platform. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2652:347-359. [PMID: 37093486 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3147-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
We present an integrated droplet-based microfluidic platform for high-throughput protein crystallization experimentation. The device consists of commercially available micro-junctions and PFA tubing assembled for different functions: droplet generation, incubation, and observation. Herein, we describe a complete methodology to generate hundreds of droplets with controlled properties (i.e., size, generation frequency, and composition). Therefore, multiple trials can be carried out under controlled experimental conditions for the screening and optimization of protein crystallization conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira
- CEFT - Transport Phenomena Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipa Castro
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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7
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Xu H, Wang T, Che Z. Bridge evolution during the coalescence of immiscible droplets. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 628:869-877. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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8
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Yin J, Kuhn S. Numerical simulation of droplet formation in a microfluidic T-junction using a dynamic contact angle model. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Amyloid Formation in Nanoliter Droplets. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105480. [PMID: 35628295 PMCID: PMC9143811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes that monitor the nucleation of amyloids and characterize the formation of amyloid fibrils are vital to medicine and pharmacology. In this study, we observe the nucleation and formation of lysozyme amyloid fibrils using a facile microfluidic system to generate nanoliter droplets that can control the flow rate and movement of monomer-in-oil emulsion droplets in a T-junction microchannel. Using a fluorescence assay, we monitor the nucleation and growth process of amyloids based on the volume of droplets. Using the microfluidic system, we demonstrate that the lag phase, which is vital to amyloid nucleation and growth, is reduced at a lower droplet volume. Furthermore, we report a peculiar phenomenon of high amyloid formation at the edge of a bullet-shaped droplet, which is likely due to the high local monomer concentration. Moreover, we discovered that amyloid fibrils synthesized in the nanoliter droplets are shorter and thicker than fibrils synthesized from a bulk solution via the conventional heating method. Herein, a facile procedure to observe and characterize the nucleation and growth of amyloid fibrils using nanoliter droplets is presented, which is beneficial for investigating new features of amyloid fibril formation as an unconventional synthetic method for amyloid fibrils.
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10
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Comparative assessment and possible applications of three models of Taylor slug flows. Comput Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2022.107773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Effect of surfactant addition and viscosity of the continuous phase on flow fields and kinetics of drop formation in a flow-focusing microfluidic device. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Emmanuel M, Papp P, Schuszter G, Deák Á, Janovák L, Tóth Á, Horváth D. Nucleation kinetics of lithium phosphate precipitation. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00333c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fourth-order kinetics arises from the consecutive complexation leading to precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Emmanuel
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Paszkál Papp
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Gábor Schuszter
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ágota Deák
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - László Janovák
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Ágota Tóth
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
| | - Dezső Horváth
- Department of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, University of Szeged, Rerrich Béla tér 1., Szeged, H-6720, Hungary
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13
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Amirifar L, Besanjideh M, Nasiri R, Shamloo A, Nasrollahi F, de Barros NR, Davoodi E, Erdem A, Mahmoodi M, Hosseini V, Montazerian H, Jahangiry J, Darabi MA, Haghniaz R, Dokmeci MR, Annabi N, Ahadian S, Khademhosseini A. Droplet-based microfluidics in biomedical applications. Biofabrication 2021; 14. [PMID: 34781274 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac39a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidic systems have been employed to manipulate discrete fluid volumes with immiscible phases. Creating the fluid droplets at microscale has led to a paradigm shift in mixing, sorting, encapsulation, sensing, and designing high throughput devices for biomedical applications. Droplet microfluidics has opened many opportunities in microparticle synthesis, molecular detection, diagnostics, drug delivery, and cell biology. In the present review, we first introduce standard methods for droplet generation (i.e., passive and active methods) and discuss the latest examples of emulsification and particle synthesis approaches enabled by microfluidic platforms. Then, the applications of droplet-based microfluidics in different biomedical applications are detailed. Finally, a general overview of the latest trends along with the perspectives and future potentials in the field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Amirifar
- Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Mohsen Besanjideh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | - Amir Shamloo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Tehran, 11365-11155, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)
| | | | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Elham Davoodi
- Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Ahmet Erdem
- Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Vahid Hosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Hossein Montazerian
- Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Jamileh Jahangiry
- University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Chemical Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, Los Angeles, 90024, UNITED STATES
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14
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Continuous Cooling Crystallization in a Coiled Flow Inverter Crystallizer Technology—Design, Characterization, and Hurdles. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9091537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Continuous small-scale production is currently of utmost interest for fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. For this purpose, equipment and process concepts in consideration of the hurdles for solids handling are required to transfer conventional batch processing to continuous operation. Based on empirical equations, pressure loss constraints, and an expandable modular system, a coiled flow inverter (CFI) crystallizer with an inner diameter of 1.6 mm was designed. It was characterized concerning its residence time behavior, tested for operation with seed crystals or an ultrasonic seed crystal unit, and evaluated for different purging mechanisms for stable operation. The residence time behavior in the CFI corresponds to ideal plug flow behavior. Crystal growth using seed crystals was demonstrated in the CFI for two amino acids. For fewer seed crystals, higher crystal growth rates were determined, while at the same time, secondary nucleation was observed. Feasibility for the interconnection of a sonicated seeding crystal unit could be shown. However, the hurdles are also identified and discussed. Prophylactic flushing combined with a photosensor for distinguishing between solvent and suspension phase can lead to stable and resource-efficient operation. The small-scale CFI technology was investigated in detail, and the limits and opportunities of the technology are presented here.
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15
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Aladese AD, Jeong HH. Recent Developments in 3D Printing of Droplet-Based Microfluidics. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Liu Y, Sun L, Zhang H, Shang L, Zhao Y. Microfluidics for Drug Development: From Synthesis to Evaluation. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7468-7529. [PMID: 34024093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Drug development is a long process whose main content includes drug synthesis, drug delivery, and drug evaluation. Compared with conventional drug development procedures, microfluidics has emerged as a revolutionary technology in that it offers a miniaturized and highly controllable environment for bio(chemical) reactions to take place. It is also compatible with analytical strategies to implement integrated and high-throughput screening and evaluations. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the entire microfluidics-based drug development system, from drug synthesis to drug evaluation. The challenges in the current status and the prospects for future development are also discussed. We believe that this review will promote communications throughout diversified scientific and engineering communities that will continue contributing to this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lingyu Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Luoran Shang
- Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, and the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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17
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Tang S, Ji Y, Ge K. Crystallization Kinetics and Mechanisms of Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate: Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Analysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Tang
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanhui Ji
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Ge
- Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Biomedical Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Schuler J, Neuendorf LM, Petersen K, Kockmann N. Micro‐computed
tomography for the
3D time‐resolved
investigation of monodisperse droplet generation in a
co‐flow
setup. AIChE J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.17111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schuler
- Laboratory of Equipment Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany
| | - Laura Maria Neuendorf
- Laboratory of Equipment Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany
| | - Kai Petersen
- Laboratory of Equipment Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany
| | - Norbert Kockmann
- Laboratory of Equipment Design, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering TU Dortmund University Dortmund Germany
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19
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Ferreira J, Opsteyn J, Rocha F, Castro F, Kuhn S. Ultrasonic protein crystallization: Promoting nucleation in microdroplets through pulsed sonication. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Maeki M, Ito S, Takeda R, Ueno G, Ishida A, Tani H, Yamamoto M, Tokeshi M. Room-temperature crystallography using a microfluidic protein crystal array device and its application to protein-ligand complex structure analysis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9072-9087. [PMID: 34094189 PMCID: PMC8162031 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Room-temperature (RT) protein crystallography provides significant information to elucidate protein function under physiological conditions. In particular, contrary to typical binding assays, X-ray crystal structure analysis of a protein–ligand complex can determine the three-dimensional (3D) configuration of its binding site. This allows the development of effective drugs by structure-based and fragment-based (FBDD) drug design. However, RT crystallography and RT crystallography-based protein–ligand complex analyses require the preparation and measurement of numerous crystals to avoid the X-ray radiation damage. Thus, for the application of RT crystallography to protein–ligand complex analysis, the simultaneous preparation of protein–ligand complex crystals and sequential X-ray diffraction measurement remain challenging. Here, we report an RT crystallography technique using a microfluidic protein crystal array device for protein–ligand complex structure analysis. We demonstrate the microfluidic sorting of protein crystals into microwells without any complicated procedures and apparatus, whereby the sorted protein crystals are fixed into microwells and sequentially measured to collect X-ray diffraction data. This is followed by automatic data processing to calculate the 3D protein structure. The microfluidic device allows the high-throughput preparation of the protein–ligand complex solely by the replacement of the microchannel content with the required ligand solution. We determined eight trypsin–ligand complex structures for the proof of concept experiment and found differences in the ligand coordination of the corresponding RT and conventional cryogenic structures. This methodology can be applied to easily obtain more natural structures. Moreover, drug development by FBDD could be more effective using the proposed methodology. Room temperature protein crystallography and its application to protein–ligand complex structure analysis was demonstrated using a microfluidic protein crystal array device.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Maeki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6744.,RIKEN SPring-8 Center 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Sho Ito
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori Ako Hyogo 678-1297 Japan.,ROD (Single Crystal Analysis) Group, Application Laboratories, Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12 Matubara-cho Akishima Tokyo 196-8666 Japan
| | - Reo Takeda
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan
| | - Go Ueno
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5148 Japan
| | - Akihiko Ishida
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6744
| | - Hirofumi Tani
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6744
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5148 Japan.,Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori Ako Hyogo 678-1297 Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8628 Japan +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6745 +81-11-706-6744
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21
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Su Z, He J, Zhou P, Huang L, Zhou J. A high-throughput system combining microfluidic hydrogel droplets with deep learning for screening the antisolvent-crystallization conditions of active pharmaceutical ingredients. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1907-1916. [PMID: 32420560 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00153h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is a crucial process in the pharmaceutical industry due to its great impact in drug efficacy. However, conventional approaches for screening the optimal crystallization conditions of APIs are usually time-consuming, labor-intensive and expensive. Recently, droplet microfluidic technology has offered an alternative strategy for high-throughput screening of crystallization conditions. Despite its many advantages such as low sample consumption, reduced operation time, increased throughput, etc., some challenges remain to be solved, such as instability of droplets in the long-term and tedious efforts required for extracting useful information from massive data. To solve these problems, a high-throughput system that combined microfluidic hydrogel droplets with deep learning was proposed for the first time to screen the antisolvent-crystallization conditions of APIs. In this system, stable hydrogel droplets containing different concentrations of indomethacin, its solvent and antisolvent were generated on a chip. Crystals of indomethacin with different morphologies were formed in hydrogel droplets, and their optical images were captured by a camera. Then, deep learning was applied to identify the hundreds of indomethacin crystal images and successfully classify the crystal morphologies in a short time; a ternary phase diagram was drawn by combining the experimental results with the recognition results of crystal morphologies, and was used to guide the scale-up preparations of indomethacin crystals as desired. This system, which integrated high throughput preparation, characterization and data analysis, is also useful for screening the crystallization conditions and processes of semiconductors, catalysts, agrochemicals, proteins and other specialty chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Su
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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22
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Miniaturized technologies for high-throughput drug screening enzymatic assays and diagnostics – A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.115862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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23
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Verma RK, Ghosh S. Comparison of Slug Breakup for Confined Liquid–Liquid Flows in Serpentine Minigeometry. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Verma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Sumana Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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24
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Ferreira J, Castro F, Kuhn S, Rocha F. Controlled protein crystal nucleation in microreactors: the effect of the droplet volume versus high supersaturation ratios. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00517g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Control of the enhanced lysozyme nucleation under high supersaturation ratios for a broad range of droplet volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Ferreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering
| | - Filipa Castro
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering
- Biotechnology and Energy
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Porto
- 4200-465 Porto
| | - Simon Kuhn
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- KU Leuven
- 3001 Leuven
- Belgium
| | - Fernando Rocha
- LEPABE – Laboratory for Process Engineering
- Biotechnology and Energy
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Porto
- 4200-465 Porto
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25
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Menezes R, Dramé-Maigné A, Taly V, Rondelez Y, Gines G. Streamlined digital bioassays with a 3D printed sample changer. Analyst 2020; 145:572-581. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01744e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Off-chip sample changer device increase the sample throughput of droplet digital bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Menezes
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
- INSERM
- Sorbonne Université
- USPC
- Université Paris Descartes
| | - Adèle Dramé-Maigné
- Laboratoire Gulliver
- UMR7083 CNRS
- ESPCI Paris
- PSL Research University
- 75005 Paris
| | - Valérie Taly
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers
- INSERM
- Sorbonne Université
- USPC
- Université Paris Descartes
| | - Yannick Rondelez
- Laboratoire Gulliver
- UMR7083 CNRS
- ESPCI Paris
- PSL Research University
- 75005 Paris
| | - Guillaume Gines
- Laboratoire Gulliver
- UMR7083 CNRS
- ESPCI Paris
- PSL Research University
- 75005 Paris
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26
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Lamprou DA, Singh TR, Larrañeta E, Donnelly RF. How innovative drug delivery devices can help realize clinical utility of new effective therapies. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:1277-1281. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1689956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Momtahen S, Taajobian M, Jahanian A. Drug Discovery Applications: A Customized Digital Microfluidic Biochip Architecture/CAD Flow. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2019.2927773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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28
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Echelmeier A, Kim D, Cruz Villarreal J, Coe J, Quintana S, Brehm G, Egatz-Gomez A, Nazari R, Sierra RG, Koglin JE, Batyuk A, Hunter MS, Boutet S, Zatsepin N, Kirian RA, Grant TD, Fromme P, Ros A. 3D printed droplet generation devices for serial femtosecond crystallography enabled by surface coating. J Appl Crystallogr 2019; 52:997-1008. [PMID: 31636518 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576719010343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of surface wetting properties and their impact on the performance of 3D printed microfluidic droplet generation devices for serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) are reported. SFX is a novel crystallography method enabling structure determination of proteins at room temperature with atomic resolution using X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). In SFX, protein crystals in their mother liquor are delivered and intersected with a pulsed X-ray beam using a liquid jet injector. Owing to the pulsed nature of the X-ray beam, liquid jets tend to waste the vast majority of injected crystals, which this work aims to overcome with the delivery of aqueous protein crystal suspension droplets segmented by an oil phase. For this purpose, 3D printed droplet generators that can be easily customized for a variety of XFEL measurements have been developed. The surface properties, in particular the wetting properties of the resist materials compatible with the employed two-photon printing technology, have so far not been characterized extensively, but are crucial for stable droplet generation. This work investigates experimentally the effectiveness and the long-term stability of three different surface treatments on photoresist films and glass as models for our 3D printed droplet generator and the fused silica capillaries employed in the other fluidic components of an SFX experiment. Finally, the droplet generation performance of an assembly consisting of the 3D printed device and fused silica capillaries is examined. Stable and reproducible droplet generation was achieved with a fluorinated surface coating which also allowed for robust downstream droplet delivery. Experimental XFEL diffraction data of crystals formed from the large membrane protein complex photosystem I demonstrate the full compatibility of the new injection method with very fragile membrane protein crystals and show that successful droplet generation of crystal-laden aqueous droplets intersected by an oil phase correlates with increased crystal hit rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Echelmeier
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Daihyun Kim
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jorvani Cruz Villarreal
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jesse Coe
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Sebastian Quintana
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Gerrit Brehm
- Institute for X-ray Physics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ana Egatz-Gomez
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Reza Nazari
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Raymond G Sierra
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jason E Koglin
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Mark S Hunter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nadia Zatsepin
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Richard A Kirian
- Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Thomas D Grant
- Hauptman-Woodward Institute, Department of Structural Biology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, SUNY University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Petra Fromme
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Alexandra Ros
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.,Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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