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Li J, Guo C, Niu Y, Cao X, Li J, Wang J. Construction of a Dual-Function Mo-ZIS@Ti for Photocatalytic Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation and Hydrogen Evolution Performance. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:9297-9306. [PMID: 38712902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohol and the simultaneous evolution of hydrogen from water are efficient dual-optimal routes. It is important to develop composite catalysts that combine redox properties and facilitate electron-hole separation and transport. Herein, the bimetallic-doped Mo-ZIS@Ti photocatalyst was designed and synthesized, and the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol and hydrogen evolution by water splitting was realized at the same time. Under visible light irradiation, benzyl alcohol was completely converted with more than 99% selectivity for benzaldehyde, and the H2 production rate was 5.6 times higher than the initial ZIS. The exceptional catalytic performance was ascribed to utilizing Ti-MIL-125 as a precursor, wherein slowly releasing-doped Ti formed robust Ti-S bonds that quickly transfer electrons and reduce sites. Meanwhile, doping Mo effectively captures photogenerated holes and acts as active sites for oxidation reactions. Both experimental characterization and work function calculations demonstrate that the bimetallic synergism effectively modulates the electronic structure of ZIS, promotes the directional separation of electrons and holes, and significantly improves the photoactivity and stability of ZIS. This work contributes a route to obtain benzaldehyde and green hydrogen at the same time and also gives new insights for the construction and mechanism study of bimetallic-doping catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Changyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Niu
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Xianglei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
| | - Jide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830017, P. R. China
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2
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Wang J, Wang K, He ZH, Sun T, You RJ, Chen JG, Wang W, Yang Y, Liu ZT. Construction of Bi 2WO 6 with double active sites of tunable metallic Bi and oxygen vacancies for photocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:476-486. [PMID: 36530126 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03560j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen-containing organics, which are generated from the selective oxidation of their corresponding hydrocarbons, have high value in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, their oxidation reactions are very challenging as the products are more active than the substrates, especially for the oxidation of cyclohexane (CHA). Herein, we focused on the one-step preparation of Bi2WO6 with double active sites of tunable metallic Bi and oxygen vacancies (OV-Bi/Bi2WO6) by a facile solvothermal treatment. Then, OV-Bi/Bi2WO6 was used as an efficient photocatalyst for the partial oxidation of CHA to cyclohexanone (CHA-one) for the first time in air as an oxidant under solvent-free and room temperature conditions. The Bi : Bi2WO6 ratio in the as-prepared OV-Bi/Bi2WO6 heterojunction could be tailored from 0.08 to 8.43 by controlling the solvothermal temperature, and the synergistic effect between DMF and EG could increase the reduction of MDF/EG and promote the production of Bi. Moreover, OV-Bi/Bi2WO6-160 yielded 4.4 and 8.8 times more CHA-one (128.8 μmol) than pure Bi2WO6 and metallic Bi, respectively, and achieved 93.6% selectivity to CHA-one in air as an oxidant under solvent-free conditions. The results revealed that the highly enhanced photocatalytic activity was mainly attributed to the superior specific surface area, outstanding photo-absorption, abundant oxygen vacancies, and efficient electron-hole separation. Moreover, for the unique double active sites in OV-Bi/Bi2WO6, oxygen vacancies can enhance the adsorption and activation capacity of Bi2WO6 for O2, while metallic Bi can improve the adsorption and activation capacity of Bi2WO6 for CHA. Meanwhile, OV-Bi/Bi2WO6 also exhibited excellent durability due to the strong interaction between metallic Bi and Bi2WO6. The present work provides a flexible approach for tailoring the Bi : Bi2WO6 ratio and outlines an effective method for producing CHA-one from CHA under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Kuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Zhen-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Tong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Run-Jing You
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Jian-Gang Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Weitao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Zhao-Tie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China. .,School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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3
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Guo AB, Qin JW, Wang KK, Liu QP, Wu HK, Wang M, Shen HM, She YB. Synergetic catalytic oxidation of C-H bonds in cycloalkanes and alkyl aromatics by dimetallic active sites in 3D metalloporphyrinic MOFs employing O2 as oxidant with increased conversion and unconsumed selectivity. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Bhuyan D, Kalita SJ, Saikia L. Mesoporous SBA-15 supported gold nanoparticles for solvent-free oxidation of cyclohexane: superior catalytic activity with higher cyclohexanone selectivity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29781-29790. [PMID: 36459128 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp04198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Surface modification of mesoporous SBA-15 with (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane greatly enhances its capability to adsorb the tetrachloroauric anion (AuCl4-). The calcination of the sample after the adsorption experiment led to the generation of homogeneously dispersed, spherical, single crystalline gold nanoparticles (Au0 NPs) of less than 5 nm size, embedded on SBA-15 as observed from the TEM images. The as-prepared SBA-15/Au0 nanohybrid material has offered excellent catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of cyclohexane using TBHP as the oxidant in the absence of any solvent. A maximum of 48.7% cyclohexane conversion was achieved and surprisingly, cyclohexanone (K) has much higher selectivity (>95%) than cyclohexanol (A). The hot-filtration study confirmed the leach-resistant characteristics as well as the true heterogeneous catalytic activity of the SBA-15/Au0 nanohybrid catalyst. The catalyst was recycled up to four times without significant loss in its catalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diganta Bhuyan
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
| | - Sanmilan Jyoti Kalita
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India.
| | - Lakshi Saikia
- Materials Science and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat-785006, Assam, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-HRDC, Ghazaiabad, UP, India
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Chen S, Li Y, Wang Z, Jin Y, Liu R, Li X. Poly(ionic liquid)s hollow spheres nanoreactor for enhanced cyclohexane catalytic oxidation. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Oxidation of Cyclohexane using Copper–Nickel Catalyst. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-05547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang K, Li SS, Wang J, He ZH, Wang D, Zhang RR, Wang W, Yang Y, Liu ZT. Photothermal oxidation of cyclohexane over CoLaOx/WO3 Z-scheme composites with p-n heterojunction in solvent-free conditions. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Bai ZJ, Tan XP, Chen L, Hu B, Tan YX, Mao Y, Shen S, Guo JK, Au CT, Liang ZW, Yin SF. Efficient photocatalytic toluene selective oxidation over Cs3Bi1.8Sb0.2Br9 Nanosheets: Enhanced charge carriers generation and C–H bond dissociation. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.116983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Feng Y, Jia C, Zhao H, Wang K, Wang X. Phase-dependent photocatalytic selective oxidation of cyclohexane over copper vanadates. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj05677h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three copper vanadates with different crystal phases show different abilities for selective oxidation of cyclohexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Feng
- Tianjin Key Lab of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Chemical Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chuanqi Jia
- Tianjin Key Lab of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Chemical Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - He Zhao
- Tianjin Key Lab of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Chemical Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Tianjin Key Lab of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Chemical Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xitao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Applied Catalysis Science and Technology, College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Zhang Y, Liu Z, Guo C, Guo C, Lu Y, Wang J. Selective photocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexene coupled with hydrogen evolution from water splitting over Ni/NiO/CdS and mechanism insight. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00674j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction process of photocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexene including the oxidation products and oxidation active substance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Ziran Liu
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Changyan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Institute, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Jide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education & Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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11
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Photo-thermo catalytic selective oxidation of cyclohexane by In-situ prepared nonstoichiometric Molybdenum oxide and Silver-palladium alloy composite. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:954-966. [PMID: 34583052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The highly selective oxidation of cyclohexane to cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol (KA oil) is one of the most challenging issues in the chemical industry. However, the difficulty in attaining high selectivity and high conversion rate in parallel for the existing catalysts limits its practical application. In this paper, a novel photo-thermo synergistic catalyst was reported for the aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane. The uniform blue MoO3-x nanowires with small diameter stabilized by polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and a series of MoO3-x-AgPd composite materials of different proportions were prepared by an in-situ reduction process. The morphology, crystalline structure, surface chemical bonding, photoelectrochemical properties of MoO3-x-AgPd composites are thoroughly characterized. The MoO3-x-AgPd composites present significantly increased catalytic performance than MoO3-x nanowires in the photo-thermo synergistic catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane under dry air. The high conversion rate of 11.3% with the KA oil selectivity of 99.0% was achieved by the MoO3-x-Ag20Pd20 composites under photo-thermo catalytic process at 120 ℃, which is 1.5 times of that by MoO3-x nanowires. Under photo-thermo catalytic process, a high cyclohexane conversion rate similar to that of higher temperature thermal catalysis can be obtained at lower reaction temperature, and more cyclohexanol can be produced with a ketone to alcohol (K/A) ratio of 0.254. The significantly enhanced catalytic activity can be attributed to the effective charge transfer in the AgPd alloy nanoparticles, the optimized band gap structure, the suppressed charge recombination, and the promoted photo-thermo synergetic catalytic effect. This work provides a new reference scheme for the design and preparation of high-efficiency photo-thermo catalysts for the selective oxidation of cyclohexane.
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12
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Taheri M. WITHDRAWN: Dicationic ionic liquid-phosphotungstate cross-linked immobilized on chitosan as hybrid catalyst for solvent-free cyclohexane oxidation using molecular oxygen. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Abutaleb A, Ali MA. A comprehensive and updated review of studies on the oxidation of cyclohexane to produce ketone-alcohol (KA) oil. REV CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2020-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Oxidation of cyclohexane is an essential chemical reaction for the industrial manufacture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. These two compounds, together known as ketone–alcohol (KA) oil, are the main feedstock for nylon 6 and nylon 6,6 productions. Several types of catalysts and reaction conditions have been used for cyclohexane oxidation. This paper presents a thorough literature review of catalytic materials used for cyclohexane oxidation to produce KA oil using oxygen, air and other oxidizing agents as well as utilizing different solvents. This review covers research and development reported over the years 2014–2020. This review aims to comprehend the type of catalysts, solvents, oxidants and other reaction parameters used for the oxidation of cyclohexane. Three types of cyclohexane oxidation processes namely thermocatalytic, photocatalytic and microwave-assisted catalytic have been reported. The results of the review showed that metal and metal oxide loaded silica catalysts performed excellently and provided high selectivity of KA oil and cyclohexane conversion. The use of peroxides is not feasible due to their high price compared to air and oxygen. Gold nanoparticles supported on silica performed with high selectivity and good conversion. The use of hydrochloric acid as an additive was found very effective to enhance the photocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexane. Water on the catalyst surface enhanced the reactivity of the photocatalysts since it helps in the generation of hydroxyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abutaleb
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering , Jazan University , Gizan 45142 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ashraf Ali
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering , Jazan University , Gizan 45142 , Saudi Arabia
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14
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Talukdar R. Tracking down the brominated single electron oxidants in recent organic red-ox transformations: photolysis and photocatalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8294-8345. [PMID: 33020775 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01652g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of organic and inorganic brominated compounds including molecular bromine have been extensively used as oxidants in many organic photo-redox transformations in recent years, an area of ever growing interest because of greener and milder approaches. The oxidation power of these compounds is utilized through both mechanistic pathways (by hydrogen atom transfer or HAT in the absence of a photocatalyst and a combination of single electron transfer or SET and/or HAT in the presence of a photocatalyst). Not only as terminal oxidants for regeneration of photocatalysts, but brominated reactants have also contributed to the oxidation of the reaction intermediate(s) to carry on the radical chain process in several reactions. Here in this review mainly the non-brominative oxidative product formations are discussed, carried out since the last two decades, skipping the instances where they acted as terminal oxidants only to regenerate photocatalysts. The reactions are used to generate natural products, pharmaceuticals and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranadeep Talukdar
- Molecular Synthesis and Drug Discovery Laboratory, Centre of Biomedical Research, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow-226014, India.
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15
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Shen HM, Wang X, Guo AB, Zhang L, She YB. Catalytic oxidation of cycloalkanes by porphyrin cobalt(II) through efficient utilization of oxidation intermediates. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620500303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The catalytic oxidation of cycloalkanes using molecular oxygen employing porphyrin cobalt(II) as catalyst was enhanced through use of cycloalkyl hydroperoxides, which are the primary intermediates in oxidation of cycloalkanes, as additional oxidants to further oxidize cycloalkanes in the presence of porphyrin copper(II), especially for cyclohexane, for which the selectivity was enhanced from 88.6 to 97.2% to the KA oil; at the same time, the conversion of cyclohexane was enhanced from 3.88 to 4.41%. The enhanced efficiency and selectivity were mainly attributed to the avoided autoxidation of cycloalkanes and efficient utilization of oxidation intermediate cycloalkyl hydroperoxides as additional oxidants instead of conventional thermal decomposition. In addition to cyclohexane, the protocol presented in this research is also very applicable in the oxidation of other cycloalkanes such as cyclooctane, cycloheptane and cyclopentane, and can serve as a applicable and efficient strategy to boost the conversion and selectivity simultaneously in oxidation of alkanes. This work also is a very important reference for the extensive application of metalloporphyrins in catalysis chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai M. Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - A. Bing Guo
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Long Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuan B. She
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Shen HM, Zhang L, Deng JH, Sun J, She YB. Enhanced catalytic performance of porphyrin cobalt(II) in the solvent-free oxidation of cycloalkanes (C5~C8) with molecular oxygen promoted by porphyrin zinc(II). CATAL COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2019.105809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Optimization of Cyclohexanol and Cyclohexanone Yield in the Photocatalytic Oxofunctionalization of Cyclohexane over Degussa P-25 under Visible Light. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122244. [PMID: 31208090 PMCID: PMC6630937 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The sustainable transformation of basic chemicals into organic compounds of industrial interest using mild oxidation processes has proved to be challenging. The production of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone from cyclohexane is of interest to the nylon manufacturing industry. However, the industrial oxidation of cyclohexane is inefficient. Heterogeneous photocatalysis represents an alternative way to synthesize these products, but the optimization of this process is difficult. In this work, the yields of photocatalytic cyclohexane conversion using Degussa P-25 under visible light were optimized. To improve cyclohexanol production, acetonitrile was used as an inert photocatalytic solvent. Experiments showed that the use of the optimized conditions under solar light radiation did not affect the cyclohexanol/cyclohexanone ratio. In addition, the main radical intermediary produced in the reaction was detected by the electronic paramagnetic resonance technique.
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