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Li J, Liu X, Liu X, Qi Z, Zhang Q, Chen Z. Effects of steaming on physicochemical and emulsification properties of gum arabic. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 273:133196. [PMID: 38885865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Gum arabic finds extensive application and typically undergoes sterilization prior to utilization in the food industry. This study explored the impact of steam sterilization temperature and duration on the physicochemical and emulsification characteristics of gum arabic, accompanied by proposed mechanisms elucidating observed effects. The results showed that when gum arabic was treated with high temperature sterilization (110 °C ∼ 140 °C), the emulsion prepared turned unstable. The interfacial tension decreased from 8.26 mN/m to 6.77 mN/m after sterilization, while the elastic modulus decreased from 23.65 mN/m to 16.16 mN/m. Moreover, the circular dichroic chromatographic results indicated that the arabinogalactan protein (AGP) structure of gum arabic was more relaxed after high temperature treatment with β-sheets content decreased from 36.2 % to 29.8 % and random coil content increased from 41.3 % to 51.8 %. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) results demonstrated that emulsion surface film thickness and toughness decreased after sterilization treatment of gum arabic. The study indicates that high temperature sterilization may change protein structure in gum arabic and reduce the stability of prepared emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China
| | - Xingli Liu
- Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Zaidong Qi
- Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd., Shaoxing 312000, PR China
| | - Qilei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
| | - Zhirong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.
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Yu S, Li C, Zhao S, Chai M, Hou J, Lin R. Recent advances in the interfacial engineering of MOF-based mixed matrix membranes for gas separation. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7716-7733. [PMID: 38536054 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00096j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The membrane process stands as a promising and transformative technology for efficient gas separation due to its high energy efficiency, operational simplicity, low environmental impact, and easy up-and-down scaling. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-polymer mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) combine MOFs' superior gas-separation performance with polymers' processing versatility, offering the opportunity to address the limitations of pure polymer or inorganic membranes for large-scale integration. However, the incompatibility between the rigid MOFs and flexible polymer chains poses a challenge in MOF MMM fabrication, which can cause issues such as MOF agglomeration, sedimentation, and interfacial defects, substantially weakening membrane separation efficiency and mechanical properties, particularly gas separation. This review focuses on engineering MMMs' interfaces, detailing recent strategies for reducing interfacial defects, improving MOF dispersion, and enhancing MOF loading. Advanced characterisation techniques for understanding membrane properties, specifically the MOF-polymer interface, are outlined. Lastly, it explores the remaining challenges in MMM research and outlines potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, 234000, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Conger Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shuke Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Milton Chai
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Jingwei Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Rijia Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Adel M, Allam A, Sayour AE, Ragai HF, Umezu S, Fath El-Bab AMR. Design and development of a portable low-cost QCM-based system for liquid biosensing. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:11. [PMID: 38236465 PMCID: PMC10796497 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a versatile sensing platform that has gained increasing attention for its use in bioapplications due to its high sensitivity, real-time measurement capabilities, and label-free detection. This article presents a portable QCM system for liquid biosensing that uses a modified Hartley oscillator to drive 14 mm-diameter commercial QCM sensors. The system is designed to be low-cost, easy to use, and highly sensitive, making it ideal for various bioapplications. A new flow cell design to deliver samples to the surface of the sensor has been designed, fabricated, and tested. For portability and miniaturization purposes, a micropump-based pumping system is used in the current system. The system has a built-in temperature controller allowing for accurate frequency measurements. In addition, the system can be used in benchtop mode. The capability of the present system to be used in liquid biosensing is demonstrated through an experimental test for sensitivity to changes in the viscosity of glycerol samples. It was found to have a sensitivity of 263.51 Hz/mPa.s using a 10 MHz QCM sensor. Future work regarding potential applications was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adel
- Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Helwan University, Cairo, 11792, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Allam
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Ashraf E Sayour
- Molecular Biomimetics Research Group, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Hani F Ragai
- Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11517, Egypt
| | - Shinjiro Umezu
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-Ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ahmed M R Fath El-Bab
- Department of Mechatronics and Robotics Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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Soliman AIA, Díaz Baca JA, Fatehi P. One-pot synthesis of magnetic cellulose nanocrystal and its post-functionalization for doxycycline adsorption. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 308:120619. [PMID: 36813331 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The composite of magnetite (Fe3O4) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is considered a potential adsorbent for water treatment and environmental remediation. In the current study, a one-pot hydrothermal procedure was utilized for magnetic cellulose nanocrystal (MCNC) development from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) in the presence of ferric chloride, ferrous chloride, urea, and hydrochloric acid. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of CNC and Fe3O4, while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis verified their respective sizes (< 400 nm and ≤ 20 nm) in the generated composite. To have an efficient adsorption activity for doxycycline hyclate (DOX), the produced MCNC was post-treated using chloroacetic acid (CAA), chlorosulfonic acid (CSA), or iodobenzene (IB). The introduction of carboxylate, sulfonate, and phenyl groups in the post-treatment was confirmed by FTIR and XPS analysis. Such post treatments decreased the crystallinity index and thermal stability of the samples but improved their DOX adsorption capacity. The adsorption analysis at different pHs revealed the increase in the adsorption capacity by reducing the basicity of the medium due to decreasing electrostatic repulsions and inducing strong attractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I A Soliman
- Biorefining Research Institute and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Jonathan A Díaz Baca
- Biorefining Research Institute and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Biorefining Research Institute and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada.
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Xu R, Liu J, Sun W, Wang L. Insights into the synergistic adsorption mechanism of mixed SDS/DDA collectors on biotite using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.123049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Nowocień S, Wielgus RS, Mroczka J. Precision Temperature Control System with Low EMI for Applications in Analyzing Thermal Properties of Highly Sensitive Piezoelectric Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8525. [PMID: 36366222 PMCID: PMC9657801 DOI: 10.3390/s22218525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A low electromagnetic interference (EMI), precision temperature control system for sensitive piezoelectric sensors stabilization and their thermal characteristics research was proposed. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) was chosen as the device to be tested. Recently, QCMs found use in many fields of study such as biology, chemistry, and aerospace. They often operate in harsh environments and are exposed to many external factors including temperature fluctuations, to which QCMs are highly susceptible. Such disturbances can cause undesirable resonant frequency shifts resulting in measurement errors that are difficult to eliminate. The proposed solution enables measurements of QCMs thermal characteristics, effectiveness evaluation of temperature compensation methods, and testing of the frequency stability. As a part of the developed solution, two independent temperature regulators were used: first to maintain the QCM crystal at desired temperature, and second to keep the QCM oscillator circuit at fixed temperature. The single regulator consists of a thermoelectric module (TEC) used for both heating and cooling. Two considered TEC driving methods were compared in terms of EMI and their impact on the QCM signal quality. The proposed system was examined for its temperature stabilization capability showing high stability of 11 mKp-p for one hour and the setpoint accuracy of ±15 mK in the full temperature range.
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Huellemeier HA, Eren NM, Payne TD, Schultz ZD, Heldman DR. Monitoring and Characterization of Milk Fouling on Stainless Steel Using a High-Pressure High-Temperature Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:9466-9480. [PMID: 35899940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fouling at interfaces deteriorates the efficiency and hygiene of processes within numerous industrial sectors, including the oil and gas, biomedical device, and food industries. In the food industry, the fouling of a complex food matrix to a heated stainless steel surface reduces production efficiency by increasing heating resistance, pumping requirements, and the frequency of cleaning operations. In this work, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was used to study the interface formed by the fouling of milk on a stainless steel surface at different flow rates and protein concentrations at high temperatures (135 °C). Subsequently, the QCM-D response was recorded during the cleaning of the foulant. Two phases of fouling were identified. During phase-1, the fouling rate was dependent on the flow rate, while the fouling rate during phase-2 was dependent on the flow rate and protein concentration. During cleaning, foulants deposited at the higher flow rate swelled more than those deposited at the lower flow rate. The composition of the fouling deposits consisted of both protein and mineral species. Two crystalline phases of calcium phosphate, β-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite, were identified at both flow rates. Stratification in topography was observed across the surface of the QCM-D sensor with a brittle and cracked structure for deposits formed at 0.2 mL/min and a smooth and close-packed structure for deposits formed at 0.1 mL/min. These stratifications in the composition and topography were correlated to differences in the reaction time and flow dynamics at different flow rates. This high-temperature application of QCM-D to complex food systems illuminates the initial interaction between proteins and minerals and a stainless steel surface, which might otherwise be undetectable in low-temperature applications of QCM-D or at larger bench and industrial scales. The methods and results presented here have implications for optimizing processing scenarios that limit fouling formation while also enhancing removal during cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly A Huellemeier
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Necla M Eren
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development, Abbott Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio 43219, United States
| | - Taylor D Payne
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Dennis R Heldman
- Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, 590 Woody Hayes Drive, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Länge K. Bulk and Surface Acoustic Wave Biosensors for Milk Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080602. [PMID: 36005001 PMCID: PMC9405821 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Milk and dairy products are common foods and, therefore, are subject to regular controls. Such controls cover both the identification and quantification of specific components and the determination of physical parameters. Components include the usual milk ingredients, mainly carbohydrates, proteins, and fat, and any impurities that may be present. The latter range from small molecules, such as drug residues, to large molecules, e.g., protein-based toxins, to pathogenic microorganisms. Physical parameters of interest include viscosity as an indicator of milk gelation. Bulk and surface acoustic wave sensors, such as quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, can principally be used for both types of analysis, with the actual application mainly depending on the device coating and the test format. This review summarizes the achievements of acoustic sensor devices used for milk analysis applications, including the determination of physical liquid parameters and the detection of low- and high-molecular-weight analytes and microorganisms. It is shown how the various requirements resulting from the respective analytes and the complex sample matrix are addressed, and to what extent the analytical demands, e.g., with regard to legal limits, are met.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Länge
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Abstract
Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) is one of the many acoustic transducers. It is the most popular and widely used acoustic transducer for sensor applications. It has found wide applications in chemical and biosensing fields owing to its high sensitivity, robustness, small sized-design, and ease of integration with electronic measurement systems. However, it is necessary to coat QCM with a sensing film. Without coating materials, its selectivity and sensitivity are not obtained. At present, this is not an issue, mainly due to the advancement of oscillator circuits and dedicated measurement circuits. Since a new researcher may seek to understand QCM sensors, we provide an overview of QCM from its fundamental knowledge. Then, we explain some of the recent QCM applications both in gas-phase and liquid-phase. Next, the theory of QCM is introduced by using piezoelectric stress equations and the Mason equivalent circuit, which explains how the QCM behavior is obtained. Then, the conventional equations that govern QCM behaviors in terms of resonant frequency and resistance are described. We show the behavior of QCM with a viscous film based on the acoustic wave equation and Mason equivalent circuit. Then, we present various existing QCM electronic measurement methods. Furthermore, we describe the experiment on QCM with viscous loading and its interpretation based on the Mason equivalent circuit. Lastly, we review some theoretical models to describe QCM behavior with various models.
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