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Kasprzak MM, Sady M, Kruk J, Bartkova S, Sanka I, Scheler O, Jamróz E, Berski W, Onacik-Gür S, Szram R, Okpala COR, Tkaczewska J, Zając M, Domagała J, Ptasznik S. Replacement of milk fat by rapeseed oil stabilised emulsion in commercial yogurt. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16441. [PMID: 38099312 PMCID: PMC10720406 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of lipid droplets and further characterization of matrices within dairy products may be possible using such adjacent particles as protein complexes/lipids. Among the range of varied emulsions and their functionalities, great attention has recently focused on the fabrication of high internal phase types. Feasibly, stable alternatives structured with health-beneficial lipids like those derived from plants could replace saturated fatty acids. As a fat replacement strategy, the fate of incorporated HIPE would require some adjustments either with storage stability and/or structural feat for the food matrix. Therefore, the replacement of milk fat by rapeseed oil stabilised emulsion in commercial yogurt was investigated. This involved 25%, 50% and 75% rapeseed oil respectively assigned as low (LIPE), medium (MIPE), and high internal phase emulsion (HIPE). Specifically, emulsions were examined by droplet size, encapsulation, pH, zeta potential, phase separation, and rheology. The fat free yogurt supplemented by HIPE were examined by droplet size, zeta potential, pH, color, sensory, texture and microbiological aspects against positive (regular milk fat) and negative (fat free) yogurt controls. Results showed increasing rapeseed oil contents would form smaller droplet-like emulsions. Within the yogurt matrix however, incorporating HIPE would seemingly reduce oil droplet size without much compromise to bacterial viability, sensory, or texture. Overall, this simple method of lipid alternation shows promise in dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirosław M. Kasprzak
- Department of Animal Product Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marek Sady
- Department of Animal Product Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Kruk
- Department of Engineering and Machinery for Food Industry, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Simona Bartkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Immanuel Sanka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ott Scheler
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Ewelina Jamróz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Wiktor Berski
- Department of Carbohydrates Technology and Cereals Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Onacik-Gür
- Department of Meat and Fat Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Szram
- Department of Animal Product Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala
- UGA Cooperative Extension, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Tkaczewska
- Department of Animal Product Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marzena Zając
- Department of Animal Product Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jacek Domagała
- Department of Animal Product Processing, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Cracow, Poland
| | - Stanisław Ptasznik
- Department of Meat and Fat Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Reyna CAB, Franco EE, Tsuzuki MSG, Buiochi F. Water content monitoring in water-in-oil emulsions using a delay line cell. ULTRASONICS 2023; 134:107081. [PMID: 37413819 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The extraction process of crude oil requires addition of water, resulting in complex emulsions, in which the phases must be separated before the petrochemical processing starts. An ultrasonic cell may be used to determine in real time the water content in water-in-crude oil emulsions. The water content of emulsions can be related to parameters, such as propagation velocity, density and relative attenuation. The ultrasonic measurement cell developed here is composed of two piezoelectric transducers, two rexolite buffer rods, and a sample chamber. It is an inexpensive and robust system. The cell measures the parameters at different temperatures and flow conditions. The tests were performed using emulsions with water volume concentrations from 0% to 40%. The experimental results show that this cell is able to obtain more precise parameters, when compared to similar ultrasonic techniques. The data acquired in real time may be used to improve the emulsion separation, decreasing greenhouse gases and energy requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A B Reyna
- Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 2231, São Paulo, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ediguer E Franco
- Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Autonoma de Occidente, Cali, 760030, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Marcos S G Tsuzuki
- Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 2231, São Paulo, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio Buiochi
- Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, Av. Professor Mello Moraes, 2231, São Paulo, 05508-030, São Paulo, Brazil
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Process Analytical Technology for the Production of Parenteral Lipid Emulsions According to Good Manufacturing Practices. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10061174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The good manufacturing practices (GMP) and process analytical technology (PAT) initiatives of the US Food and Drug Administration, in conjunction with International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) quality guidelines Q8, Q9, and Q10, ensure that manufacturing processes for parenteral formulations meet the requirements of increasingly strict regulations. This involves the selection of suitable process analytics for process integration and aseptic processing. In this article, we discuss the PAT requirements for the GMP-compliant manufacturing of parenteral lipid emulsions, which can be used for clinical nutrition or for the delivery of lipophilic active ingredients. There are risks associated with the manufacturing processes, including the potential for unstable emulsions and the formation of large droplets that can induce embolisms in the patient. Parenteral emulsions are currently monitored offline using a statistical approach. Inline analytics, supplemented by measurements of zeta potential, could minimize the above risks. Laser scanning technology, ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy, and photo-optical sensors combined with image analysis may prove to be useful PAT methods. In the future, these technologies could lead to better process understanding and control, thus improving production efficiency.
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Jameel B, Hornowski T, Bielas R, Józefczak A. Ultrasound Study of Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Nanoparticle Agglomeration in High Viscous Media. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103450. [PMID: 35629477 PMCID: PMC9143323 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy has found wide application in the study of colloidal dispersions such as emulsions or suspensions. The main advantage of this technique is that it can be applied to relatively high concentration systems without sample preparation. In particular, the use of Epstein-Carhart-Allegra-Hawley's (ECAH) ultrasound scattering theory, along with experimental data of ultrasound velocity or attenuation, provide the method of estimation for the particle or droplet size from nanometers to millimeters. In this study, suspensions of magnetite and silica nanoparticles in high viscous media (i.e., castor oil) were characterized by ultrasound spectroscopy. Both theoretical and experimental results showed a significant difference in ultrasound attenuation coefficients between the suspensions of magnetite and silica nanoparticles. The fitting of theoretical model to experimental ultrasound spectra was used to determine the real size of objects suspended in a high viscous medium that differed from the size distributions provided by electron microscopy imaging. The ultrasound spectroscopy technique demonstrated a greater tendency of magnetic particles toward agglomeration when compared with silica particles whose sizes were obtained from the combination of experimental and theoretical ultrasonic data and were more consistent with the electron microscopy images.
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