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Ramani S, Berard JA, Walker LAS. The relationship between neurofilament light chain and cognition in neurological disorders: A scoping review. J Neurol Sci 2020; 420:117229. [PMID: 33243431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is an emerging biomarker of neural degeneration. NfL is an integral component of axons and is released into the bloodstream and cerebrospinal fluid during neurodegeneration; hence it can be used to monitor disease progression. Given that several neurological disorders are accompanied by cognitive decline, recent literature has investigated the relationship between NfL levels and cognition. The objective of this scoping review was to determine whether a consistent relationship between NfL and cognition exists in the context of variable degrees of neurodegeneration present across several neurological disorders. Four electronic databases were searched for relevant articles and 160 articles were initially identified. After article screening, 37 studies met the final inclusion criteria. Studies were then qualitatively synthesized to determine the relationship between NfL and cognition across a variety of neurological disorders. The large majority of studies found that NfL levels are inversely correlated with cognition, such that higher NfL levels are associated with poorer cognition. This relationship was not universal, however, and this discrepancy was speculated to be due to the nature of the neurological disorder, individual differences between participants, or methodological inconsistencies. Further study is required, and associated recommendations were proposed for the design of future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lisa A S Walker
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; The University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada
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Rossini F, Zauner H, Bergmann J, Kronbichler M, Spindler I, Golaszewski S, Trinka E, Staffen W. HMPAO-SPECT Can Discriminate between Patients with Subjective Cognitive Complaints with and without Cognitive Deficits and those with Mild Cognitive Impairment. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 16:843-851. [PMID: 31453786 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666190827115138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that pathological processes leading to Alzheimer's disease occurs gradually and begins to develop decades before the earliest clinical symptoms occur. The use of biomarkers has been proposed to detect evidence of preclinical Alzheimer's pathologic change in asymptomatic subjects. Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) i.e. self-reported cognitive decline with normal cognition have been reported as an indicator of future cognitive decline, however, this condition is unspecific. OBJECTIVE In the present study we used the regional brain perfusion measured by HMPAO-SPECT as Biomarker of neurodegeneration to compare the regional brain perfusion of patient with subjective cognitive complaints with and without minimal cognitive dysfunction (SCC+ and SCC- respectively) in respect to patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS We retrospectively examined 736 Patients who referred to our Memory Clinic because of suspected cognitive dysfunction. After exclusion of patients with overt dementia, automated, quantitatively assessed relative cerebral blood flow of 10 forebrain regions (thalamus, parietotemporal, medial temporal, posterior temporal, posterior cingulate gyrus, each region left hemispheric and right hemispheric) and neuropsychological assessment of 64 SCC (32 SCC+; 32 SCC-) and 28 MCI subjects were analysed. RESULTS .The most relevant differences between groups in cognitive performance concerned verbal memory. Left hemispheric medial temporal region could significantly discriminate between all three groups, with a progressive decrease n perfusion from SCC towards MCI. Area under the curve of left medial temporal region showed a sensitivity of 0,61 and a specificity of 0,78 for discriminating MCI from SCC. CONCLUSION Automated analysis of HMPAO-SPECT data of MCI and SCC+ patients showed significant perfusion differences in medial temporal region and impaired verbal memory, both of which are known features of Alzheimer's disease. Perfusion patterns and verbal memory performance in SCC+ are more similar to MCI than SCC-. Thus, SPECT analysis could distinguish those subjects whose perfusion pattern resembles that of an MCI from those who do not. In our opinion, this could identify two populations with a different risk of progression to AD, with SCC+ subjects needing further diagnostic examination and repeated follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rossini
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - H Zauner
- Rehabilitation Center of the Pensionsversicherungsanstalt, Großgmain, Austria
| | - J Bergmann
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Salzburg, Austria
| | - M Kronbichler
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Salzburg, Austria.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - I Spindler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - S Golaszewski
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Salzburg, Austria.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - E Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Salzburg, Austria.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - W Staffen
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler Medical Centre, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
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Quantitative EEG power and synchronization correlate with Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 63:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) occurs along a continuum from normal cognition to dementia. A roadblock to earlier diagnosis and potential treatment is the lack of consistency with screening for MCI. Universal screening would be ideal, but is limited. Once a diagnosis of MCI is made, it is important for the clinician to evaluate for reversible causes. At present time, there are no pharmacologic treatments proven to slow or cure progression of MCI to dementia; nonetheless, there is evidence that lifestyle modifications including diet, exercise, and cognitive stimulation may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Sanford
- Department of Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, Suite M238, St Louis, MO 63104, USA.
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Tatarnikova OG, Orlov MA, Bobkova NV. Beta-Amyloid and Tau-Protein: Structure, Interaction, and Prion-Like Properties. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:1800-19. [PMID: 26878581 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791513012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
During the last twenty years, molecular genetic investigations of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have significantly broadened our knowledge of basic mechanisms of this disorder. However, still no unambiguous concept on the molecular bases of AD pathogenesis has been elaborated, which significantly impedes the development of AD therapy. In this review, we analyze issues concerning processes of generation of two proteins (β-amyloid peptide and Tau-protein) in the cell, which are believed to play the key role in AD genesis. Until recently, these agents were considered independently of each other, but in light of the latest studies, it becomes clear that it is necessary to study their interaction and combined effects. Studies of mechanisms of toxic action of these endogenous compounds, beginning from their interaction with known receptors of main neurotransmitters to specific peculiarities of functioning of signal intracellular pathways upon development of this pathology, open the way to development of new pharmaceutical substances directed concurrently on key mechanisms of interaction of toxic proteins inside the cell and on the pathways of their propagation in the extracellular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- O G Tatarnikova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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Morley JE, Morris JC, Berg-Weger M, Borson S, Carpenter BD, Del Campo N, Dubois B, Fargo K, Fitten LJ, Flaherty JH, Ganguli M, Grossberg GT, Malmstrom TK, Petersen RD, Rodriguez C, Saykin AJ, Scheltens P, Tangalos EG, Verghese J, Wilcock G, Winblad B, Woo J, Vellas B. Brain health: the importance of recognizing cognitive impairment: an IAGG consensus conference. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016; 16:731-9. [PMID: 26315321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment creates significant challenges for patients, their families and friends, and clinicians who provide their health care. Early recognition allows for diagnosis and appropriate treatment, education, psychosocial support, and engagement in shared decision-making regarding life planning, health care, involvement in research, and financial matters. An IAGG-GARN consensus panel examined the importance of early recognition of impaired cognitive health. Their major conclusion was that case-finding by physicians and health professionals is an important step toward enhancing brain health for aging populations throughout the world. This conclusion is in keeping with the position of the United States' Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services that reimburses for detection of cognitive impairment as part the of Medicare Annual Wellness Visit and with the international call for early detection of cognitive impairment as a patient's right. The panel agreed on the following specific findings: (1) validated screening tests are available that take 3 to 7 minutes to administer; (2) a combination of patient- and informant-based screens is the most appropriate approach for identifying early cognitive impairment; (3) early cognitive impairment may have treatable components; and (4) emerging data support a combination of medical and lifestyle interventions as a potential way to delay or reduce cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Morley
- Divisions of Geriatric Medicine and Endocrinology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.
| | - John C Morris
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Marla Berg-Weger
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO
| | - Soo Borson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Brian D Carpenter
- Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Natalia Del Campo
- Institute of Aging, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- Department of Neurology, Université Pierreet Marie Curie, Salpetriere Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Keith Fargo
- Scientific Programs and Outreach, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, IL
| | - L Jaime Fitten
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Geriatric Psychiatry, Greater Los Angeles VA, Sepulveda Campus, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Joseph H Flaherty
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Mary Ganguli
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - George T Grossberg
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Theodore K Malmstrom
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Ronald D Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Carroll Rodriguez
- Public Policy and Communications, Alzheimer's Association, St Louis, MO
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Philip Scheltens
- VU University Medical Center, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Joe Verghese
- Division of Geriatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Gordon Wilcock
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford Institute of Population Ageing, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Bengt Winblad
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Department of NVS, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bruno Vellas
- Department of Geriatrics, CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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MRI localization of the subthalamic nucleus in normal adults and its relation with age. Neuroreport 2015; 26:972-80. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bohm C, Chen F, Sevalle J, Qamar S, Dodd R, Li Y, Schmitt-Ulms G, Fraser PE, St George-Hyslop PH. Current and future implications of basic and translational research on amyloid-β peptide production and removal pathways. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 66:3-11. [PMID: 25748120 PMCID: PMC4503820 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited variants in multiple different genes are associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In many of these genes, the inherited variants alter some aspect of the production or clearance of the neurotoxic amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). Thus missense, splice site or duplication mutants in the presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) or the amyloid precursor protein (APP) genes, which alter the levels or shift the balance of Aβ produced, are associated with rare, highly penetrant autosomal dominant forms of Familial Alzheimer's Disease (FAD). Similarly, the more prevalent late-onset forms of AD are associated with both coding and non-coding variants in genes such as SORL1, PICALM and ABCA7 that affect the production and clearance of Aβ. This review summarises some of the recent molecular and structural work on the role of these genes and the proteins coded by them in the biology of Aβ. We also briefly outline how the emerging knowledge about the pathways involved in Aβ generation and clearance can be potentially targeted therapeutically. This article is part of Special Issue entitled "Neuronal Protein".
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bohm
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 6th Floor-6KD417, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - F Chen
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 6th Floor-6KD417, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - J Sevalle
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 6th Floor-6KD417, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - S Qamar
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - R Dodd
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Y Li
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - G Schmitt-Ulms
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 6th Floor-6KD417, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - P E Fraser
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 6th Floor-6KD417, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - P H St George-Hyslop
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Departments of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 6th Floor-6KD417, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Building, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
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Lobzin VY. Comprehensive early diagnosis of cognitive impairment. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2015; 115:72-79. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201511511172-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Speck PM, Hartig MT, Likes W, Bowdre T, Carney AY, Ekroos RA, Haugen R, Crum J, Faugno DK. Case Series of Sexual Assault in Older Persons. Clin Geriatr Med 2014; 30:779-806. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2014.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Neuronal Activity Topography Parameters as a Marker for Differentiating Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Carotid Stenosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2014; 23:2384-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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