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Alsakarneh S, Brotherton T, Jaber F, Madi MY, Numan L, Ahmed M, Sallam Y, Adam M, Dahiya DS, Aggarwal P, Dinary F. Needle-Knife Fistulotomy Versus Needle-Knife Papillotomy in Difficult Biliary Cannulation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gastroenterology Res 2024; 17:101-108. [PMID: 38993545 PMCID: PMC11236341 DOI: 10.14740/gr1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an essential endoscopic therapeutic modality for biliary and pancreatic diseases. Needle-knife fistulotomy (NKF) and papillotomy (NKP) are the two most commonly used rescue techniques for patients with difficult biliary cannulation. However, there remains a need for comparative studies on these approaches to inform clinical decision-making. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NKF compared to NKP as a rescue technique in difficult biliary cannulation after failed conventional ERCP. Methods We searched PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases through November 2023 to include all studies that directly compared the outcomes of NKF with NKP in difficult biliary cannulation. Single-arm studies were excluded. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous data related to clinical events were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method within a random-effect model. The primary outcome was the biliary cannulation success rate. Results Four studies with 823 patients (n = 376 NKF vs. n = 447 NKP) were included in our analysis. There was no significant difference between the two groups in biliary cannulation success rate (91.7% vs. 86.9%, respectively; OR = 1.54, 95% CI: 0.21 - 2.49, P = 0.14; I2 = 0%). However, the overall rate of adverse events was significantly lower in the NKF group than in the NKP group (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.25 - 0.84, P = 0.01). Pancreatitis (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.05 - 1.11, P = 0.07) and bleeding (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.59 - 3.46, P = 0.42) were similar between the two groups. No significant differences in cholangitis, cholecystitis, perforation, or mortality were observed. Conclusions Our meta-analysis indicates comparable success rates in comparing NKF and NKP techniques for difficult biliary cannulation after failed conventional ERCP cannulation. Notably, the NKF technique significantly reduces overall adverse events compared to NKP, suggesting that NKF may be preferable due to its favorable safety profile. Additional randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are warranted to evaluate the interval benefit of an NKF technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqr Alsakarneh
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Tim Brotherton
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fouad Jaber
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Mahmoud Y. Madi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laith Numan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Yazan Sallam
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Mohammad Adam
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Dushyant Singh Dahiya
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Motility, The University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Pearl Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fazel Dinary
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Naing C, Ni H, Aung HH, Pavlov CS. Endoscopic sphincterotomy for adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 3:CD014944. [PMID: 38517086 PMCID: PMC10958761 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd014944.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sphincter of Oddi comprises a muscular complex encircling the distal part of the common bile duct and the pancreatic duct regulating the outflow from these ducts. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction refers to the abnormal opening and closing of the muscular valve, which impairs the circulation of bile and pancreatic juices. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the benefits and harms of any type of endoscopic sphincterotomy compared with a placebo drug, sham operation, or any pharmaceutical treatment, administered orally or endoscopically, alone or in combination, or a different type of endoscopic sphincterotomy in adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. SEARCH METHODS We used extensive Cochrane search methods. The latest search date was 16 May 2023. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised clinical trials assessing any type of endoscopic sphincterotomy versus placebo drug, sham operation, or any pharmaceutical treatment, alone or in combination, or a different type of endoscopic sphincterotomy in adults diagnosed with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, irrespective of year, language of publication, format, or outcomes reported. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard Cochrane methods and Review Manager to prepare the review. Our primary outcomes were: proportion of participants without successful treatment; proportion of participants with one or more serious adverse events; and health-related quality of life. Our secondary outcomes were: all-cause mortality; proportion of participants with one or more non-serious adverse events; length of hospital stay; and proportion of participants without improvement in liver function tests. We used the outcome data at the longest follow-up and the random-effects model for our primary analyses. We assessed the risk of bias of the included trials using RoB 2 and the certainty of evidence using GRADE. We planned to present the results of time-to-event outcomes as hazard ratios (HR). We presented dichotomous outcomes as risk ratios (RR) and continuous outcomes as mean difference (MD) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS We included four randomised clinical trials, including 433 participants. Trials were published between 1989 and 2015. The trial participants had sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Two trials were conducted in the USA, one in Australia, and one in Japan. One was a multicentre trial conducted in seven US centres, and the remaining three were single-centre trials. One trial used a two-stage randomisation, resulting in two comparisons. The number of participants in the four trials ranged from 47 to 214 (median 86), with a median age of 45 years, and the mean proportion of males was 49%. The follow-up duration ranged from one year to four years after the end of treatment. All trials assessed one or more outcomes of interest to our review. The trials provided data for the comparisons and outcomes below, in conformity with our review protocol. The certainty of evidence for all the outcomes was very low. Endoscopic sphincterotomy versus sham Endoscopic sphincterotomy versus sham may have little to no effect on treatment success (RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.66 to 1.66; 3 trials, 340 participants; follow-up range 1 to 4 years); serious adverse events (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.34 to 1.46; 1 trial, 214 participants; follow-up 1 year), health-related quality of life (Physical scale) (MD -1.00, 95% CI -3.84 to 1.84; 1 trial, 214 participants; follow-up 1 year), health-related quality of life (Mental scale) (MD -1.00, 95% CI -4.16 to 2.16; 1 trial, 214 participants; follow-up 1 year), and no improvement in liver function test (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.35 to 2.26; 1 trial, 47 participants; follow-up 1 year), but the evidence is very uncertain. Endoscopic sphincterotomy versus endoscopic papillary balloon dilation Endoscopic sphincterotomy versus endoscopic papillary balloon dilationmay have little to no effect on serious adverse events (RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.04 to 3.15; 1 trial, 91 participants; follow-up 1 year), but the evidence is very uncertain. Endoscopic sphincterotomy versus dual endoscopic sphincterotomy Endoscopic sphincterotomy versus dual endoscopic sphincterotomy may have little to no effect on treatment success (RR 0.65, 95% CI 0.32 to 1.31; 1 trial, 99 participants; follow-up 1 year), but the evidence is very uncertain. Funding One trial did not provide any information on sponsorship; one trial was funded by a foundation (the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIDDK), and two trials seemed to be funded by the local health institutes or universities where the investigators worked. We did not identify any ongoing randomised clinical trials. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Based on very low-certainty evidence from the trials included in this review, we do not know if endoscopic sphincterotomy versus sham or versus dual endoscopic sphincterotomy increases, reduces, or makes no difference to the number of people with treatment success; if endoscopic sphincterotomy versus sham or versus endoscopic papillary balloon dilation increases, reduces, or makes no difference to serious adverse events; or if endoscopic sphincterotomy versus sham improves, worsens, or makes no difference to health-related quality of life and liver function tests in adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. Evidence on the effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy compared with sham, endoscopic papillary balloon dilation,or dual endoscopic sphincterotomyon all-cause mortality, non-serious adverse events, and length of hospital stay is lacking. We found no trials comparing endoscopic sphincterotomy versus a placebo drug or versus any other pharmaceutical treatment, alone or in combination. All four trials were underpowered and lacked trial data on clinically important outcomes. We lack randomised clinical trials assessing clinically and patient-relevant outcomes to demonstrate the effects of endoscopic sphincterotomy in adults with biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho Naing
- Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Han Ni
- Department of Medicine, Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Htar Htar Aung
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chavdar S Pavlov
- Department of Gastroenterology, Botkin Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Therapy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Keswani RN, Duloy A, Nieto JM, Panganamamula K, Murad MH, Bazerbachi F, Shaukat A, Elmunzer BJ, Day LW. Interventions to improve the performance of ERCP and EUS quality indicators. Gastrointest Endosc 2023; 97:825-838. [PMID: 36967249 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh N Keswani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anna Duloy
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jose M Nieto
- Digestive Disease Consultants, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Kashyap Panganamamula
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M Hassan Murad
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Fateh Bazerbachi
- CentraCare, Interventional Endoscopy Program, St Cloud Hospital, St Cloud, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aasma Shaukat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - B Joseph Elmunzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lukejohn W Day
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Fang Y, Jiang G, Huo C, Xiong Z, Li F, Wang X, Qin X, Huang J. The success rate of cannulation of needle-knife precut is superior to continuing wire-guided after difficult biliary cannulation with pancreatic stent placement. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:3253-3259. [PMID: 36645482 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-09877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Difficult biliary cannulation and unintended pancreatic cannulation exist in biliary interventions during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Wire-guided cannulation over a pancreatic stent (PS-WGC) and needle-knife precut over a pancreatic stent (PS-NKP) may facilitate biliary cannulation. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of PS-NKP and PS-WGC following guidewire passage into the pancreatic duct. METHODS A total of 304 patients who inserted a pancreatic stent and continued cannulation using wire-guided (PS-WGC) or needle-knife precut (PS-NKP) from October 2018 to November 2021 in three centers were ultimately enrolled in this study. The success rate of cannulation and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Results of the success rate of cannulation in the PS-NKP (n = 98) group were significantly higher compared with the PS-WGC (n = 206) group (96.9% vs. 89.8%; P < 0.05). The overall adverse events were 10.2% (31/304), and PS-NKP had lower (PEP) rates compared with the PS-WGC (3.1% vs. 10.7%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The PS-NKP group is superior to the PS-WGC group in terms of the effectiveness and safety of continued cannulation. Using needle-knife precut, especially early use, over the pancreatic stent to continue cannulation reduced PEP compared with PS-WGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fang
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Guobin Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyan Huo
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Zhe Xiong
- Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Fengdong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangrong Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213000, China.
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Ikeda Y, Ono M, Ohmori G, Ameda S, Arihara Y, Yamada M, Abe T, Maeda M. Clinical benefit of early precut sphincintroterotomy for difficult biliary cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Surg Endosc 2023; 37:120-126. [PMID: 35851815 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-022-09426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A precut procedure is sometimes required for difficult biliary cannulation during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, it is unclear whether the biliary access rate has improved for early precut procedures compared to conventional techniques. This study aimed to identify the benefit of early precut sphincterotomy in cases showing difficult biliary access. METHODS Between April 2017 and August 2021, consecutive patients who underwent precutting for difficult biliary cannulation were retrospectively enrolled. The outcomes of early (≤ 10 min from start of cannulation) and delayed (> 10 min) precut groups were evaluated. All adverse events were defined according to Cotton criteria. RESULTS A total of 70 patients were enrolled in this study. The biliary cannulation rate for a first ERCP was significantly higher in the early compared to delayed precut group (95% vs. 73.3%; P = 0.015). A difference in overall cannulation rate between the two groups was not observed (97.5% vs. 83.3%; P > 0.05). Significantly higher rates of prophylactic pancreatic stents were described in the delayed compared to early precut group (36.7% vs. 12.5%; P = 0.009). Significant differences in the frequency of pancreatitis, bleeding, penetration, and perforation were not noted between the two groups. Overall, the success rate was statistically significant between the experienced and less experienced endoscopists (87.2% vs. 63.9%; P = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Early precutting within 10 min from the start of cannulation in ERCP is safe and effective in cases with a difficult biliary cannulation, and can improve the biliary cannulation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ikeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, 050-0076, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Ono
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, 050-0076, Japan
| | - Ginji Ohmori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, 050-0076, Japan
| | - Saki Ameda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, 050-0076, Japan
| | - Yohei Arihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, 050-0076, Japan
| | - Michiko Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, 050-0076, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, 050-0076, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Steel Memorial Muroran Hospital, Muroran, 050-0076, Japan
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An Insight on Pharmacological and Mechanical Preventive Measures of Post-ERCP PANCREATITIS (PEP)—A Review. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent13040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatitis is the most common complication following endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). With the progress of research in many drugs and technologies, promising efficacy has been achieved in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Recently, combined prevention has received more attention in order to further reduce the incidence of PEP. However, there is no review about the combined prevention of PEP. This review summarizes the medication and ERCP techniques that are used to prevent PEP and emphasizes that appropriate combination prevention approaches should be based on risk stratification.
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Zhang QS, Xu JH, Dong ZQ, Gao P, Shen YC. Success and Safety of Needle Knife Papillotomy and Fistulotomy Based on Papillary Anatomy: A Prospective Controlled Trial. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:1901-1909. [PMID: 34081249 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06983-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Needle knife papillotomy (NKP) and fistulotomy (NKF) are the two most commonly used rescue techniques for patients with difficult biliary cannulation (DBC). Anatomy of the major duodenal papillae (MDP) influences the optimal precut technique for biliary access. However, comparative studies of the success and safety of NKP and NKF based on the anatomy of MDP have been scarce. METHODS Patients with intact MDPs for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) in our center were enrolled. Early needle knife precuts were uniformly applied to patients with DBC. Difficult MDPs were classified into one of five types based on their endoscopic anatomy. Each type of MDP was allocated to NKP or NKF treatment. Patients with types 1 and 2 papillae always received NKF, 3 and 4 received NKP, and 5 could receive either. The safety and efficacy were analyzed between NKP and NKF, and among different types of MDPs. RESULTS A total of 188 out of 1674 patients undergoing ERCP satisfied the criteria for early precutting: 75 patients were assigned to the NKP group and 113 to the NKF group. The total initial success rate of biliary cannulation (ISRBC) of the precut techniques (both NKP and NKF) for patients with DBC was 91.5%. The ISRBC of patients of the NKP group was similar to that of the NKF group (90.7% vs 92.0%, P > 0.05). The ISRBC of the patients in the swollen MDP subgroup (96.1%) was higher than that of patients in the distorted MDP subgroup (81.8%, P = 0.030). The total and specific complications of the patients of the NKP group were similar to those of the NKF group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS NKP and NKF, as selected on the basis of MDP anatomy, are equally safe and highly efficient for patients with DBC to allow biliary cannulation. Patients with swollen MDPs had a higher ISRBC than patients with distorted MDPs. Selecting a precut method based on MDP anatomy is an effective and safe strategy for patients with DBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai, 200434, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai, 200434, China
| | - Yu-Cui Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1279 Sanmen Road, Shanghai, 200434, China
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Fugazza A, Troncone E, Amato A, Tarantino I, Iannone A, Donato G, D'Amico F, Mogavero G, Amata M, Fabbri C, Radaelli F, Occhipinti P, Repici A, Anderloni A. Difficult biliary cannulation in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction: An underestimated problem? Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:529-536. [PMID: 34362708 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failed biliary cannulation still poses a major challenge in patients undergoing Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). To date, there is a lack of data on rates of Difficult Biliary Cannulation (DBC) in patients with distal malignant biliary obstruction (DMBO). MATERIALS This was a retrospective study (09/2015 to 02/2019) of consecutive patients with DMBO that underwent ERCP in four Italian centers. The primary outcome was to evaluate the rate of DBC. Secondary outcomes were: cannulation failure, rate of adverse events (AEs), the predictive factors for DBC as well as for AEs. RESULTS A total of 622 patients with DMBO, were included in the study, with 351(56,4%) matching the definition of DBC. One-hundred and two ERCP-related AEs occurred in 97 of 622 patients (15,6%). Subjects with DBC showed a higher risk for AEs (p = 0.02). The lack of pancreatitis prophylaxis (p = 0.03), diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (p = 0.02), the use of papillotomy (OR=1.98; 95%CI = 1.14-3.45) and the combination of two or more techniques for cannulation (OR = 2.88; 95%CI = 1.04-7.97) were associated with the occurrence of AEs. CONCLUSIONS According to the results of this study, patients with DMBO carries a higher rate of DBC thus requiring alternative techniques for biliary drainage. Furthermore, DBC carries a high risk for AEs. Further prospective multicentric studies are needed to confirm these data in this specific subgroup of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Fugazza
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Departement of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Troncone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome ``Tor Vergata'', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Arnaldo Amato
- Division of Digestive Endoscopy and Gastroenterology, Valduce Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Ilaria Tarantino
- Digestive Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Iannone
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giulio Donato
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Ferdinando D'Amico
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Departement of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mogavero
- Division of Digestive Endoscopy and Gastroenterology, Valduce Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Michele Amata
- Digestive Endoscopy Service, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, IRCCS-ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carlo Fabbri
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Medical Department, Forlì-Cesena Hospitals, AUSL Romagna
| | - Franco Radaelli
- Division of Digestive Endoscopy and Gastroenterology, Valduce Hospital, Como, Italy
| | - Pietro Occhipinti
- Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria "Maggiore della Carità", Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Departement of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Anderloni
- Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Departement of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
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Facciorusso A, Ramai D, Gkolfakis P, Khan SR, Papanikolaou IS, Triantafyllou K, Tringali A, Chandan S, Mohan BP, Adler DG. Comparative efficacy of different methods for difficult biliary cannulation in ERCP: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 95:60-71.e12. [PMID: 34543649 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Several methods with variable efficacy have been proposed for difficult biliary cannulation in ERCP. We assessed the comparative efficacy of different strategies for difficult biliary cannulation through a network meta-analysis combining direct and indirect treatment comparisons. METHODS We identified 17 randomized controlled trials (2015 patients) that compared the efficacy of different adjunctive methods for difficult biliary cannulation (needle-knife techniques, pancreatic guidewire-assisted technique, pancreatic-assisted technique, and transpancreatic sphincterotomy) either with each other or with persistence with the standard cannulation techniques. The success rate of biliary cannulation and the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) were the outcomes of interest. We performed pairwise and network meta-analysis for all treatments and used Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria to appraise quality of evidence. RESULTS Low-quality evidence supported the use of transpancreatic sphincterotomy over persistence with standard cannulation techniques (risk ratio [RR], 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.59) and over any other adjunctive intervention (RR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.01-1.44] vs pancreatic guidewire-assisted technique, RR, 1.19 [95% CI, 1.01-1.43] vs early needle-knife techniques, RR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.03-2.10] vs pancreatic stent-assisted technique) for increasing the success rate of biliary cannulation. No other significant results were observed in any other comparisons. Based on the network model, transpancreatic sphincterotomy (P-score, .97) followed by early needle-knife techniques (P-score, .62) were ranked highest in terms of increasing the success rate of biliary cannulation. Early needle-knife techniques outperformed persistence with standard cannulation techniques in terms of decreasing PEP rate (RR, .61; 95% CI, .37-1.00), whereas both early needle-knife techniques and transpancreatic sphincterotomy led to lower PEP rates as compared with pancreatic guidewire-assisted technique (RR, .49 [95% CI, .23-.99] and .53 [95% CI, .30-.92], respectively). CONCLUSIONS Transpancreatic sphincterotomy increases the success rate of biliary cannulation as compared with persistence with the standard cannulation techniques. Early needle-knife techniques and transpancreatic sphincterotomy are superior to other interventions in decreasing PEP rates and should be considered in patients with difficult cannulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Facciorusso
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Daryl Ramai
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Paraskevas Gkolfakis
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology, and Digestive Oncology, CUB Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Shahab R Khan
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ioannis S Papanikolaou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology, and Digestive Oncology, CUB Erasme Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Konstantinos Triantafyllou
- Hepatogastroenterology Unit, Second Department of Internal Medicine-Propaedeutic, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ''Attikon" University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Saurabh Chandan
- Gastroenterology Unit, CHI Health Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Babu P Mohan
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Douglas G Adler
- Center for Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy (CATE), Porter Adventist Hospital/PEAK Gastroenterology, Denver, Colorado, USA
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10
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Maharshi S, Sharma SS. Response. Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 94:436. [PMID: 34272002 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Maharshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, SMS Medical College and Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, SMS Medical College and Hospitals, Jaipur, India
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11
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Primary Needle-Knife Sphincterotomy for Biliary Access in Patients at High Risk of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2021; 2021:6662000. [PMID: 34054945 PMCID: PMC8149254 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6662000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods Forty patients with one or more risk factors for PEP were prospectively enrolled between June 2018 and November 2019. The cannulation was conducted in all patients using NKS as the primary cannulation technique. Success rate of biliary cannulation, biliary cannulation time, and adverse event rate were assessed. Results Of the 40 patients enrolled, 34 patients underwent primary NKS after the screening. Nine patients had 1 risk factor for PEP, 7 had 2, 8 had 3, 7 had 4, and 3 had 5. The success rate of biliary access by NKS was 94.1% (32/34). The median procedure time for NKS and the total procedure time for stone removal or biliary drainage were 4.1 minutes (range, 0.5-25.2) and 11.3 minutes (range, 3.8–40.4), respectively. Adverse events occurred in two patients (minor bleeding, n = 1; hyperamylasemia, n = 1). No patient experienced PEP or perforation. Conclusion NKS might be feasible as a primary cannulation procedure in patients at high risk of PEP. This trial is registered with KCT0004886 (03/06/2018).
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12
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Elmunzer BJ, Walsh CM, Guiton G, Serrano J, Chak A, Edmundowicz S, Kwon RS, Mullady D, Papachristou GI, Elta G, Baron TH, Yachimski P, Fogel E, Draganov PV, Taylor J, Scheiman J, Singh V, Varadarajulu S, Willingham FF, Cote G, Cotton PB, Simon V, Spitzer R, Keswani R, Wani S. Development and initial validation of an instrument for video-based assessment of technical skill in ERCP. Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 93:914-923. [PMID: 32739484 PMCID: PMC8961206 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The accurate measurement of technical skill in ERCP is essential for endoscopic training, quality assurance, and coaching of this procedure. Hypothesizing that technical skill can be measured by analysis of ERCP videos, we aimed to develop and validate a video-based ERCP skill assessment tool. METHODS Based on review of procedural videos, the task of ERCP was deconstructed into its basic components by an expert panel that developed an initial version of the Bethesda ERCP Skill Assessment Tool (BESAT). Subsequently, 2 modified Delphi panels and 3 validation exercises were conducted with the goal of iteratively refining the tool. Fully crossed generalizability studies investigated the contributions of assessors, ERCP performance, and technical elements to reliability. RESULTS Twenty-nine technical elements were initially generated from task deconstruction. Ultimately, after iterative refinement, the tool comprised 6 technical elements and 11 subelements. The developmental process achieved consistent improvements in the performance characteristics of the tool with every iteration. For the most recent version of the tool, BESAT-v4, the generalizability coefficient (a reliability index) was .67. Most variance in BESAT scores (43.55%) was attributed to differences in endoscopists' skill, indicating that the tool can reliably differentiate between endoscopists based on video analysis. CONCLUSIONS Video-based assessment of ERCP skill appears to be feasible with a novel instrument that demonstrates favorable validity evidence. Future steps include determining whether the tool can discriminate between endoscopists of varying experience levels and predict important outcomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Joseph Elmunzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Catharine M Walsh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Learning Institute and Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gretchen Guiton
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jose Serrano
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amitabh Chak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Steven Edmundowicz
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard S. Kwon
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Mullady
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Georgios I. Papachristou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Grace Elta
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Todd H. Baron
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Patrick Yachimski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evan Fogel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter V. Draganov
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jason Taylor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - James Scheiman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vikesh Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory Cote
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peter B. Cotton
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Violette Simon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rebecca Spitzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rajesh Keswani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sachin Wani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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13
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Maharshi S, Sharma SS. Early precut versus primary precut sphincterotomy to reduce post-ERCP pancreatitis: randomized controlled trial (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2021; 93:586-593. [PMID: 32615179 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2020.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Precut sphincterotomy, usually performed after prolonged and failed cannulation, is considered a risk factor for post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). There are limited studies on primary needle-knife precut for the prevention of PEP. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of primary precut. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care setting on patients who underwent ERCP. Patients were randomized to very early precut (group A, precut after 2 failed attempts of wire-guided sphincterotome cannulation) and primary precut (group B, direct needle-knife precut). All procedures were done by an experienced endoscopist. The primary outcome of the study was to compare the incidence of PEP between the 2 groups. RESULTS Three hundred three patients were randomized to group A (n = 152, age 48.2 ± 15.4 years, 61 men) and group B (n = 151, age 46.7 ± 13.8 years, 65 men). There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics and indications for ERCP between the 2 groups. Development of PEP (5.2% vs .67%; P = .04) and asymptomatic hyperamylasemia (12.5% vs 2.6%; P = .01) were lower in group B compared with group A. The bile duct cannulation time (13.8 ± 2.2 vs 7.2 ± 1.7 minutes; P = .001) was lower in group B, whereas the overall cannulation success rate (98% vs 98.6%; P = 1.0) was similar in both the groups. CONCLUSIONS Primary precut by an experienced endoscopist results in low risk of PEP. (Clinical trial registration number: CTRI/2017/08/009510.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Maharshi
- Department of Gastroenterology, SMS Medical College and Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Shyam Sunder Sharma
- Department of Gastroenterology, SMS Medical College and Hospitals, Jaipur, India
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14
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Rejeski J, Hines M, Jones J, Conway J, Mishra G, Evans J, Pawa R. Outcomes of precut sphincterotomy techniques in cases of difficult biliary access. Frontline Gastroenterol 2020; 12:113-117. [PMID: 33613942 PMCID: PMC7873550 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2019-101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
GOALS Our study aims to define success and complication rates of precut sphincterotomy with the needle-knife and transpancreatic papillary septotomy (TPS) techniques as experienced at a single, high-volume endoscopy centre. BACKGROUND Complication rates rise with increasing number of failed attempts at biliary cannulation; therefore, early precut sphincterotomy (PS) has been recommended. Selecting the ideal method for PS can be challenging and there is a paucity of data to help guide this decision. STUDY We performed a retrospective analysis over 37 months of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) experience at a single institution. We identified all ERCPs performed and stratified based on the presence of PS; if PS occurred, a thorough chart review was performed to identify success and complication rates. Patients received guideline-driven management for post-ERCP pancreatitis including rectal indomethacin and pancreatic duct stenting when appropriate. RESULTS We identified 1808 ERCP procedures performed during this time. Successful biliary cannulation was achieved in 1748 cases, yielding a success rate of 96.7% (Grades I-IV ERCP difficulty/complexity). PS was required in 232 cases (12.8%); we identified 88 TPS cases and 114 needle-knife precut sphincterotomy (NKPS) cases. Complications following PS procedures occurred in 9.1% of TPS patients and 11.4% of NKPS patients. Success rates for TPS and NKPS were 97.7% and 81.6%, respectively-a statistically significant difference (p<0.001). CONCLUSION This data supports TPS as a safe and effective option for biliary access in difficult cannulation settings when performed by experienced advanced endoscopists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Rejeski
- Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marc Hines
- Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason Jones
- Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason Conway
- Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Girish Mishra
- Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - John Evans
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rishi Pawa
- Section on Gastroenterology, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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15
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Voiosu T, Voiosu A, Benguş A, Rimbaş M, Mateescu B. Trainee involvement increases precut rates and delays access to the common bile duct without an increase in procedure-related adverse events: a brave new world of ERCP training? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 56:55-61. [PMID: 29080394 DOI: 10.1515/rjim-2017-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Selective cannulation of the desired duct is a key element in ERCP procedures and an important step in the training of fellows. However, there is limited data about technical success and patient safety for ERCPs conducted in a training setting.We aimed to evaluate the impact of trainee involvement on the cannulation technique and procedure related outcomes at ERCP. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an observational study of all ERCP conducted in an endoscopy unit with an on-going training program. Patient related data and procedure-related data (method of cannulation, time to cannulation, degree of trainee involvement, technical success and procedure-related adverse events) were collected using a standard form. The method of cannulation, time to cannulation and procedure-related adverse events were compared between ERCPs with trainee involvement and those without. RESULTS 641 consecutive ERCPs were evaluated and 474 native papilla cases performed by 4 trainers and 3 trainees were included in the final analysis. Trainees were involved in 171 procedures (36.1%), achieving cannulation of the desired duct in 50.8% of the cases. Cannulation rates were similar in the trainee group compared to the control group (91.7% vs. 88.7%) and there was no increase in the rate of adverse events. However, cannulation time was significantly longer in the trainee group with a significant increase in the rate of precut use (32.1% vs. 23.4%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Trainee involvement resulted in longer cannulation times and increased use of precut sphincterotomy, but, was not associated with an increased risk of procedure related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Voiosu
- UMF "Carol Davila" School of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andrei Voiosu
- UMF "Carol Davila" School of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Benguş
- UMF "Carol Davila" School of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Rimbaş
- UMF "Carol Davila" School of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
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16
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Pekgöz M. Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A systematic review for prevention and treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4019-4042. [PMID: 31413535 PMCID: PMC6689803 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i29.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is comparatively complex application. Researchers has been investigated prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), since it has been considered to be the most common complication of ERCP. Although ERCP can lead various complications, it can also be avoided.
AIM To study the published evidence and systematically review the literature on the prevention and treatment for PEP.
METHODS A systematic literature review on the prevention of PEP was conducted using the electronic databases of ISI Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Library for relevant articles. The electronic search for the review was performed by using the search terms “Post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis” AND “prevention” through different criteria. The search was restricted to randomized controlled trials (RCTs) performed between January 2009 and February 2019. Duplicate studies were detected by using EndNote and deleted by the author. PRISMA checklist and flow diagram were adopted for evaluation and reporting. The reference lists of the selected papers were also scanned to find other relevant studies.
RESULTS 726 studies meeting the search criteria and 4 relevant articles found in the edited books about ERCP were identified. Duplicates and irrelevant studies were excluded by screening titles and abstracts and assessing full texts. 54 studies were evaluated for full text review. Prevention methods were categorized into three groups as (1) assessment of patient related factors; (2) pharmacoprevention; and (3) procedural techniques for prevention. Most of studies in the literature showed that young age, female gender, absence of chronic pancreatitis, suspected Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, recurrent pancreatitis and history of previous PEP played a crucial role in posing high risks for PEP. 37 studies designed to assess the impact of 24 different pharmacologic agents to reduce the development of PEP delivered through various administration methods were reviewed. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used to reduce risks for PEP. Rectal administration of indomethacin immediately prior to or after ERCP in all patients is recommended by European Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines to prevent the development of PEP. The majority of the studies reviewed revealed that rectally administered indomethacin had efficacy to prevent PEP. Results of the other studies on the other pharmacological interventions had both controversial and promising results. Thirteen studies conducted to evaluate the efficacy of 4 distinct procedural techniques to prevent the development of PEP were reviewed. Pancreatic Stent Placement has been frequently used in this sense and has potent and promising benefits in the prevention of PEP. Studies on the other procedural techniques have had inconsistent results.
CONCLUSION Prevention of PEP involves multifactorial aspects, including assessment of patients with high risk factors for alternative therapeutic and diagnostic techniques, administration of pharmacological agents and procedural techniques with highly precise results in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Pekgöz
- Department of Gastroenterology, VM Medical Park Bursa Hospital, Bursa 16022, Turkey
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17
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Leerhøy B, Elmunzer BJ. How to Avoid Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2018; 28:439-454. [PMID: 30241637 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatitis remains the most common and potentially devastating complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis. Recent advances in prophylaxis have improved but not eliminated this problem, underscoring the importance of ongoing research toward this goal. This review aims to provide an evidence-based approach to post-ERCP pancreatitis prevention through patient selection, risk stratification, procedural technique, and multimodality prophylaxis, and discusses ongoing and future research initiatives in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonna Leerhøy
- Digestive Disease Center, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen Nielsine Nielsens Vej 11, entrance 8, Copenhagen DK-2400, Denmark
| | - B Joseph Elmunzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 702, 114 Doughty Street, Suite 249, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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18
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Tang Z, Yang Y, Yang Z, Meng W, Li X. Early precut sphincterotomy does not increase the risk of adverse events for patients with difficult biliary access: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e12213. [PMID: 30200135 PMCID: PMC6133433 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000012213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to investigate whether early precut sphincterotomy (EPS) itself increases the incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP), bleeding, and perforation, or improves the overall success rates of biliary cannulation. METHODS Four electronical databases were searched systematically for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the incidence of adverse events for difficult biliary access (DBA) between EPS groups and persistent cannulation attempts (PCA). The primary endpoint was the incidence of PEP. Secondary outcomes were the incidence of bleeding and perforation, and the overall success rates of biliary cannulation. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to pool data on the outcomes into random-effect models. Heterogeneity, sensitivity, and stratified analyses were performed with Review Manager 5.3. Furthermore, we performed trial sequential analysis (TSA) to evaluate the reliability of the primary endpoint and secondary outcomes. RESULTS Seven RCTs (999 patients with DBA of 10450, 9.5%) were included. The incidence of PEP was significantly lower in EPS groups than PCA (risk ratio [RR] = 0.57, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36, 0.92, P = .02). Furthermore, TSA (TSA-adjusted 95% CI 0.30-0.82, P = .0061) and subgroup analysis stratified by the fellow involvement in initial cannulation before randomization, technique of precut, and the definition of DBA confirmed this finding. Success rates of overall cannulation (RR = 1.00, P = .94), bleeding (RR = 1.22, P = .58), and perforation (RR = 1.59, P = .32) were similar in both groups; however, the results of TSA could not confirm these findings. CONCLUSION Both the quality and the quantity of evidence supporting, compared with PCA, EPS itself do not increase the risk of PEP for DBA patients. Moreover, subgroup analysis demonstrated that EPS can significantly decrease the risk of PEP when it is performed by qualified staff endoscopists with using needle-knife fistulutomy earlier for patients with DBA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengwei Tang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University
| | - Yuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University
| | - Zhangfu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University, and Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai
| | - Wenbo Meng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University
- Department of Special Minimally Invasive Surgery, The first Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University
- The second department of General Surgery, The first Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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19
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Assessing Quality of Precut Sphincterotomy in Patients With Difficult Biliary Access: An Updated Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Gastroenterol 2018; 52:573-578. [PMID: 29912752 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is generally accepted that precut sphincterotomy during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) increases the risk of pancreatitis. However, patients with difficult biliary access may be different. We implemented a meta-analysis to explore the effects of early and delayed precut sphincterotomy on post-ERCP pancreatitis in patients with difficult biliary access. METHODS We searched studies in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Randomized Controlled Trials for meeting requirement in which precut sphincterotomy was compared with persistent standard cannulation during ERCP. The primary outcomes included the overall cannulation success rate and the incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis. The secondary outcomes included primary cannulation success and the overall complication rate. RESULTS Six studies (898 patients) were included. The present meta-analysis found no significant difference in overall cannulation success rate and overall complication rate between early precut sphincterotomy and persistent standard cannulation. However, early precut sphincterotomy not only increased the primary cannulation success rate [Mantel Haenszel test relative risk, 1.87; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15-3.04] but also decreased the overall risk of pancreatitis (Peto odds ratio, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.30-0.80). For persistent standard cannulation, no significant difference was observed in the pancreatitis rate between no salvage precut and delayed salvage precut sphincterotomy (Peto odds ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.49-1.85). CONCLUSIONS Compared with persistent standard cannulation, an early precut sphincterotomy exhibited a reduced risk of pancreatitis. In addition, a delayed precut sphincterotomy after persistent attempts did not increase the occurrence of pancreatitis and this is the first meta-analysis to present this conclusion.
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20
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Bassan MS, Sundaralingam P, Fanning SB, Lau J, Menon J, Ong E, Rerknimitr R, Seo DW, Teo EK, Wang HP, Reddy DN, Goh KL, Bourke MJ. The impact of wire caliber on ERCP outcomes: a multicenter randomized controlled trial of 0.025-inch and 0.035-inch guidewires. Gastrointest Endosc 2018; 87:1454-1460. [PMID: 29317269 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Wire-guided biliary cannulation has been demonstrated to improve cannulation rates and reduce post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP), but the impact of wire caliber has not been studied. This study compares successful cannulation rates and ERCP adverse events by using a 0.025-inch and 0.035-inch guidewire. METHODS A randomized, single blinded, prospective, multicenter trial at 9 high-volume tertiary-care referral centers in the Asia-Pacific region was performed. Patients with an intact papilla and conventional anatomy who did not have malignancy in the head of the pancreas or ampulla and were undergoing ERCP were recruited. ERCP was performed by using a standardized cannulation algorithm, and patients were randomized to either a 0.025-inch or 0.035-inch guidewire. The primary outcomes of the study were successful wire-guided cannulation and the incidence of PEP. Overall successful cannulation and ERCP adverse events also were studied. RESULTS A total of 710 patients were enrolled in the study. The primary wire-guided biliary cannulation rate was similar in 0.025-inch and 0.035-inch wire groups (80.7% vs 80.3%; P = .90). The rate of PEP between the 0.025-inch and the 0.035-inch wire groups did not differ significantly (7.8% vs 9.3%; P = .51). No differences were noted in secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION Similar rates of successful cannulation and PEP were demonstrated in the use of 0.025-inch and 0.035-inch guidewires. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT01408264.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan S Bassan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Praka Sundaralingam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott B Fanning
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James Lau
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jayaram Menon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kota Kinabalu Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Evan Ong
- Gastroenterology Section, Metropolitan Medical Centre, Manila, Philippines
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Excellence Centre, Department of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Dong-Wan Seo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eng Kiong Teo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Hsiu-Po Wang
- Endoscopy Division, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Khean Lee Goh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Pantai Dalam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michael J Bourke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia; The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Ryozawa S, Itoi T, Katanuma A, Okabe Y, Kato H, Horaguchi J, Fujita N, Yasuda K, Tsuyuguchi T, Fujimoto K. Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society guidelines for endoscopic sphincterotomy. Dig Endosc 2018; 30:149-173. [PMID: 29247546 DOI: 10.1111/den.13001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES) has recently compiled guidelines for endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) using evidence-based methods. Content regarding actual clinical practice, including detailed endoscopic procedures, instruments, device types and usage, has already been published by the JGES postgraduate education committee in May 2015 and, thus, in these guidelines we avoided duplicating such content as much as possible. The guidelines do not address pancreatic sphincterotomy, endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD), and endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD). The guidelines for EPLBD are planned to be developed separately. The evidence level in this field is often low and, in many instances, strong recommendation has to be determined on the basis of expert consensus. At this point in time, the guidelines are divided into six items including indications, techniques, specific cases, adverse events, outcomes, and postoperative follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomei Ryozawa
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Itoi
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Katanuma
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hironari Kato
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Horaguchi
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naotaka Fujita
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Yasuda
- Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society, Tokyo, Japan
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de la Morena Madrigal EJ, Rodríguez García MªI, Galera Ródenas AB, Pérez Arellano E. Biliary cannulation effectiveness and pancreatitis risk using two early precut techniques. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE ENFERMEDADES DIGESTIVAS 2017; 110:74-81. [PMID: 29271219 DOI: 10.17235/reed.2017.5175/2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Precut techniques allow for successful biliary cannulation rates approaching 100% but there may be an associated increase in the risk of complications. Recently, early needle-knife precut has been shown to be a safe procedure and is now used as a pancreatitis prevention resource for difficult cannulation cases. The goal of the present study was to assess cannulation and pancreatitis rates using two early precut techniques. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) procedures performed from 2013 to 2016. The efficacy and safety of simple cannulation, needle-knife precut and transpancreatic precut were assessed. RESULTS Simple cannulation was achieved in 369 (73.4%) of 503 evaluable ERCP procedures. Needle-knife precut was successful in 51 (96.2%) of 53 attempts and transpancreatic precut was successful in 75 (96.2%) of 78 attempts. The overall cannulation rate was 98.4%. There were eleven (2.4%) pancreatitis events, six (1.8%) with simple cannulation (two severe, one fatal), five (6.3%) with transpancreatic precut (two severe) and zero events with the needle-knife precut procedure. Among the patients undergoing the precut procedure, seven experienced perforations (two severe) and there were seven bleeding events. The overall complication rate was 14.4%. CONCLUSIONS The complementary use of either precut technique provides a satisfactory biliary cannulation rate. However, the rates of pancreatitis and other severe complications are higher for transpancreatic versus needle-knife precut, therefore the indications for both techniques should be modified.
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Abstract
Pancreatitis is the most common and potentially devastating complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), resulting in significant morbidity, occasional mortality, and increased health-care expenditure. Accordingly, the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) remains a major clinical and research priority. Strategies to reduce the incidence of PEP include thoughtful patient selection, appropriate risk-stratification, sound procedural technique, prophylactic pancreatic stent placement, and pharmacoprevention. Despite advances in all these areas, however, the incidence of PEP remains as high as 15% in high-risk cases. Thus, additional research towards the goal of eliminating PEP is necessary. Herein is an evidence-based review of strategies to prevent pancreatitis after ERCP, focusing on recent important developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Joseph Elmunzer
- The Peter B. Cotton Endowed Chair in Endoscopic Innovation, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
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Tarnasky PR, Kedia P. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications: Techniques to reduce risk and management strategies. GASTROINTESTINAL INTERVENTION 2017. [DOI: 10.18528/gii170004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Tarnasky
- Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Methodist Digestive Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Prashant Kedia
- Methodist Dallas Medical Center, Methodist Digestive Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
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Parekh PJ, Majithia R, Sikka SK, Baron TH. The "Scope" of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92:434-448. [PMID: 28160947 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatitis is the most common adverse event of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with the potential for clinically significant morbidity and mortality. Several patient and procedural risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP). Considerable research efforts have identified several pharmacologic and procedural interventions that can drastically affect the incidence of PEP. This review article addresses the underlying mechanisms at play for the development of PEP, identifying patient and procedural risk factors and meaningful use of risk-stratification information, and details current interventions aimed at reducing the risk of this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth J Parekh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Raj Majithia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina-Johnston Healthcare, Smithfield
| | - Sanjay K Sikka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA
| | - Todd H Baron
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
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Liao WC, Angsuwatcharakon P, Isayama H, Dhir V, Devereaux B, Khor CJL, Ponnudurai R, Lakhtakia S, Lee DK, Ratanachu-Ek T, Yasuda I, Dy FT, Ho SH, Makmun D, Liang HL, Draganov PV, Rerknimitr R, Wang HP. International consensus recommendations for difficult biliary access. Gastrointest Endosc 2017; 85:295-304. [PMID: 27720741 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Phonthep Angsuwatcharakon
- Department of Anatomy and Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroyuki Isayama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vinay Dhir
- Baldota Institute of Digestive Sciences, Global Hopsitals, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Benedict Devereaux
- University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J L Khor
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ryan Ponnudurai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Prince Court Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sundeep Lakhtakia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Dong-Ki Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Thawee Ratanachu-Ek
- Department of Surgery, Rajavithi Hospital, Rangsit Medical College, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Shiaw-Hooi Ho
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dadang Makmun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Huei-Lung Liang
- Department of Radiology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Peter V Draganov
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rungsun Rerknimitr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hsiu-Po Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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El Nakeeb A, El Hanafy E, Salah T, Atef E, Hamed H, Sultan AM, Hamdy E, Said M, El Geidie AA, Kandil T, El Shobari M, El Ebidy G. Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: Risk factors and predictors of severity. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 8:709-715. [PMID: 27909551 PMCID: PMC5114460 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v8.i19.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To detect risk factors for post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP) and investigate the predictors of its severity.
METHODS This is a prospective cohort study of all patients who underwent ERCP. Pre-ERCP data, intraoperative data, and post-ERCP data were collected.
RESULTS The study population consisted of 996 patients. Their mean age at presentation was 58.42 (± 14.72) years, and there were 454 male and 442 female patients. Overall, PEP occurred in 102 (10.2%) patients of the study population; eighty (78.4%) cases were of mild to moderate degree, while severe pancreatitis occurred in 22 (21.6%) patients. No hospital mortality was reported for any of PEP patients during the study duration. Age less than 35 years (P = 0.001, OR = 0.035), narrower common bile duct (CBD) diameter (P = 0.0001) and increased number of pancreatic cannulations (P = 0.0001) were independent risk factors for the occurrence of PEP.
CONCLUSION PEP is the most frequent and devastating complication after ERCP. Age less than 35 years, narrower median CBD diameter and increased number of pancreatic cannulations are independent risk factors for the occurrence of PEP. Patients with these risk factors are candidates for prophylactic and preventive measures against PEP.
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Wang AY, Strand DS, Shami VM. Prevention of Post-Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis: Medications and Techniques. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 14:1521-1532.e3. [PMID: 27237430 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, it increasingly has been recognized that endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is the most predictable provocateur of acute pancreatitis, with an incidence of more than 15% in high-risk patients. For this reason, there has been considerable interest in the effect of periprocedural drug administration as well as different ERCP techniques on both the incidence and severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Although many agents and techniques have shown promise in small clinical studies, the majority of these have failed to yield consistent benefit in larger randomized patient groups. This review summarizes the data on medications and ERCP techniques that have been studied for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | - Daniel S Strand
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Vanessa M Shami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Use of double wire-guided technique and transpancreatic papillary septotomy in difficult ERCP: 4-year experience. Endosc Int Open 2016; 4:E1107-E1110. [PMID: 27747287 PMCID: PMC5063748 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-115407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims: Post-ERCP complications increase with repeated attempts at cannulation. We evaluated several advanced biliary cannulation techniques applied when the standard approach fails. Methods: In total, 1873 consecutive patients underwent ERCP at our institution during the period 2010 - 2014. Guidewire-assisted (GA) cannulation with no contrast injection until deep biliary cannulation was considered the standard technique. Advanced techniques used were double wire-guided (DWG) cannulation, transpancreatic papillary septotomy (TPS), and needle-knife sphincterotomy (NKS). When GA cannulation failed, DWG cannulation was usually attempted first if the pancreatic duct (PD) wire was in place; if that failed, TPS or NKS was performed. Alternatively, TPS or NKS were performed alone. A prophylactic pancreatic stent was placed with repeated PD cannulation or PD contrast injection. During the last 2 years of review, indomethacin suppositories were given post-procedure to all patients who underwent advanced techniques. Results: The overall biliary cannulation success rate was 97 % (1823/1873). Advanced techniques were used in 12 % of ERCPs (230/1873), with 87 % (200/230) success rate. DWG was used alone or in combination with other techniques in 58 % (134/230) of advanced cases, with 68 % (91/134) success rate. Biliary cannulation was achieved in 96 % (91/95) of procedures when DWG was used alone, 76 % (26/34) with TPS alone, 80 % (37/46) for NKS alone, and 84 % (46/55) with multiple techniques. The overall rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis was 0.4 %, with all patients treated conservatively. Conclusion: In our experience at an urban tertiary care center, use of advanced techniques in difficult ERCP improved the overall success rate of biliary cannulation after standard technique failure without a significant increase in complication rate.
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30
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Zhang QS, Han B, Xu JH, Gao P, Shen YC. Needle-knife papillotomy and fistulotomy improved the treatment outcome of patients with difficult biliary cannulation. Surg Endosc 2016; 30:5506-5512. [PMID: 27129550 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-016-4914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Needle-knife papillotomy and fistulotomy (NKPF) is a new, modified technique designed for difficult biliary cannulation. The safety and efficacy of performing NKPF based on characteristics of main duodenal papilla (MDP) was evaluated. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients with intact papilla who were established as candidates for therapeutic ERCP at tertiary referral center. A total of 532 patients were included in conventional endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) group in which repeated cannulation was tried in patients with difficult bile duct cannulation; and 598 patients enrolled in early NKPF group according to predefined parameters. Based on the characteristics of MDP, different types of NKPF were performed. The endoscopic data (mean procedure time, anatomy of the main papilla), rate of cannulation success, and post-ERCP complications were collected. RESULTS A total of 82 patients underwent NKPF. The mean procedure time of the small papilla group was longer than bulging papilla group (P < 0.05). The success rate of biliary cannulation in the small papilla group (69.3 %) was lower than in the bulging papilla group (100 %, P < 0.01). The overall successful biliary cannulation of patients in the NKPF group was significantly higher than in the conventional group (98.8 vs 90.8 %, P > 0.05). The total complication rate was 6.6 % among conventional group patients and 5.7 % among NKPF group, respectively. The overall complication rate and rates of specific complications (pancreatitis, bleeding, cholangitis, and perforation) in the two groups were similar (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Early NKPF based on characteristics of MDP raised the success rate of biliary cannulation when conventional cannulation failed and did not increase the complication rate post-ERCP. Clinic Trials. gov number, Hongwei-1102-12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Sheng Zhang
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Branch of Shanghai First People's Hospital, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Branch of Shanghai First People's Hospital, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Branch of Shanghai First People's Hospital, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Branch of Shanghai First People's Hospital, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Cui Shen
- Digestive Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Branch of Shanghai First People's Hospital, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Nalankilli K, Kannuthurai S, Moss A. A modern approach to ERCP: maintaining efficacy while optimising safety. Dig Endosc 2016; 28 Suppl 1:70-6. [PMID: 26684277 DOI: 10.1111/den.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is technically challenging and complications such as post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) remain a concern. Modern ERCP techniques aim to maintain efficacy and improve safety. There are limited data regarding efficacy and safety of ERCP carried out by a newly qualified practitioner using modern techniques. The aim of the present study was to conduct an ERCP practice audit and compare it with an Australian national survey in order to review the evidence base underlying modern ERCP practice. METHODS All ERCP carried out by a newly qualified practitioner, using prospectively collected data, from September 2011 to May 2015, were audited. Outcomes were compared to an Australia-wide survey of ERCP practice. A literature review was carried out regarding recent developments in ERCP practice. RESULTS Audit results correlated well with national data. All 478 ERCP were therapeutic and had pre-procedure imaging. Wire-guided biliary cannulation was used. Success rate was 97%. Overall adverse-event rate was 0.8%. Choledocholithiasis was the predominant indication (72%). Biliary cannulation was successful in 338 of 348 naiive papillae. Of these, there were 53 (16%) difficult cannulations but the needle-knife sphincterotomy (NKS) rate was low compared to national data (13% vs 33%). Rate of dual-wire cannulation technique was higher (87% vs 30%). Pancreatic duct stenting (done in 32 cases [70% of dual-wire cannulation cases]) and rectal indomethacin (25%) were used to reduce PEP risk. CONCLUSIONS A newly qualified ERCP proceduralist achieved high success rates with minimal adverse events using modern techniques. Practice was consistent with national data, although dual-wire cannulation technique was preferred to NKS. Evidence base for modern ERCP techniques was reviewed. ERCP efficacy and safety should be monitored by practice audit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumanan Nalankilli
- Department of Endoscopic Services, Western Health, Melbourne,, Australia
| | | | - Alan Moss
- Department of Endoscopic Services, Western Health, Melbourne,, Australia.,Western Clinical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Kawakami H, Kubota Y, Kawahata S, Kubo K, Kawakubo K, Kuwatani M, Sakamoto N. Transpapillary selective bile duct cannulation technique: Review of Japanese randomized controlled trials since 2010 and an overview of clinical results in precut sphincterotomy since 2004. Dig Endosc 2016; 28 Suppl 1:77-95. [PMID: 26825609 DOI: 10.1111/den.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In 1970, a Japanese group reported the first use of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), which is now carried out worldwide. Selective bile duct cannulation is a mandatory technique for diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP. Development of the endoscope and other devices has contributed to the extended use of ERCP, which has become a basic procedure to diagnose and treat pancreaticobiliary diseases. Various techniques related to selective bile duct cannulation have been widely applied. Although the classical contrast medium injection cannulation technique remains valuable, use of wire-guided cannulation has expanded since the early 2000s, and the technique is now widely carried out in the USA and Europe. Endoscopists must pay particular attention to a patient's condition and make an attendant choice about the most effective technique for selective bile duct cannulation. Some techniques have the potential to shorten procedure time and reduce the incidence of adverse events, particularly post-ERCP pancreatitis. However, a great deal of experience is required and endoscopists must be skilled in a variety of techniques. Although the development of the transpapillary biliary cannulation approach is remarkable, it is important to note that, to date, there have been no reports of transpapillary cannulation preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis. In the present article, selective bile duct cannulation techniques in the context of recent Japanese randomized controlled trials and cases of precut sphincterotomy are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kawakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kubota
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kawahata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Kubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Kawakubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kuwatani
- Division of Endoscopy, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Sundaralingam P, Masson P, Bourke MJ. Early Precut Sphincterotomy Does Not Increase Risk During Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Patients With Difficult Biliary Access: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 13:1722-1729.e2. [PMID: 26144018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Use of precut sphincterotomy during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can increase the odds for cannulation success but is associated with increased risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Earlier, rather than delayed, use of precut sphincterotomy for cases with difficult biliary access might reduce this risk. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine how early use of precut sphincterotomy affects the risk of pancreatitis and rate of cannulation success compared with persistent standard cannulation. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials, along with meeting abstracts, through August 2014 for randomized controlled trials in which early precut sphincterotomy was compared with persistent standard cannulation in adults with difficult biliary access. Outcomes considered included primary cannulation success, overall cannulation success, incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis, and overall adverse event rate. Findings from a random-effects model were expressed as pooled risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS We analyzed data from 5 studies (523 participants). The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis and success of overall cannulation did not differ significantly between the early precut and persistent standard therapy groups. Early use of precut sphincterotomy was associated with increased odds for primary cannulation success (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04-1.68). In subgroup analysis of studies that involved only fully qualified biliary endoscopists (not fellows), we found a significant reduction in risk of pancreatitis among patients receiving early precut vs the standard technique (RR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.10-0.86). CONCLUSION Compared with standard therapy, early use of precut sphincterotomy did not increase the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis in a meta-analysis. When the procedure is performed by qualified biliary endoscopists, early precut can reduce the risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. Rates of primary cannulation increase with early precut. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakalathan Sundaralingam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip Masson
- Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael J Bourke
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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Elmunzer BJ. Preventing Postendoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2015; 25:725-36. [PMID: 26431600 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis is a common and potentially devastating complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Advances in risk-stratification, patient selection, procedure technique, and prophylactic interventions have substantially improved the ability to prevent this complication. This article presents the evidence-based approaches to preventing postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis and discusses timely research questions in this important area.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Joseph Elmunzer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, MSC 702, 114 Doughty Street, Suite 249, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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35
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Han SJ, Lee TH. [Can Endoscopic Ultrasonography-guided Biliary Drainage Using Self-expandable Metal Stents in Malignant Distal Biliary Obstruction Be a Substitute When Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Has Failed?]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2015; 66:64-6. [PMID: 26410898 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2015.66.1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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A Novel Round Insulated Tip Papillotome as an Alternative to the Classic Needle-Knife for Precut Sphincterotomy in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2015; 2015:972041. [PMID: 26347424 PMCID: PMC4546750 DOI: 10.1155/2015/972041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of a new round insulated tip papillotome (r-ITP) as compared to that of the classic needle-knife sphincterotome (NKS) in difficult-to-cannulate endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) patients. Materials and Methods. Patients with no exclusion criteria and an intact papilla referred for ERCP were invited to participate in the study. “Difficult-to-cannulate” patients, defined as failure to achieve deep biliary cannulation within five minutes from the first touch of papilla, with no more than ten attempts permitted, were randomly assigned for precut sphincterotomy using either the classic NKS or r-ITP. Results. Seventy and 69 patients were randomly assigned to the NKS and r-ITP groups, respectively. The groups were comparable regarding age, sex, indications, and associated conditions. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of successful cannulation or post-ERCP complications between the two groups. Only five patients (3.6%) developed mild to moderate post-ERCP pancreatitis and two had mild bleeding. No perforations or deaths were encountered. Conclusions. Although the round insulated tip papillotome was not shown to be superior to the classic NKS concerning efficacy and safety when used by an experienced endoscopist, it remains a simple, safe, and efficacious alternative.
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Kim SJ, Kang DH, Kim HW, Choi CW, Park SB, Song BJ, Hong YM. Needle-knife fistulotomy vs double-guidewire technique in patients with repetitive unintentional pancreatic cannulations. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:5918-5925. [PMID: 26019456 PMCID: PMC4438026 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i19.5918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To compare the success rates and adverse events of early needle-knife fistulotomy (NKF) and double-guidewire technique (DGT) in patients with repetitive unintentional pancreatic cannulations.
METHODS: From a total of 1650 patients admitted for diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) at a single tertiary care hospital (Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, South Korea) between January 2009 and December 2012, 134 (8.1%) patients with unsuccessful biliary cannulation after 5 min trial of conventional methods, together with 5 or more repetitive unintentional pancreatic cannulations, were enrolled in the study. Early NKF and DGT groups were assigned 67 patients each. In the DGT group, NKF was performed for an additional 7 min if successful cannulation was not achieved.
RESULTS: The success rates with early NKF and the DGT were 79.1% (53/67) and 44.8% (30/67) (P < 0.001), respectively. The incidence of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) was lower in the early NKF group than in the DGT group [4.5% (3/67) vs 14.9% (10/67), P = 0.041]. The mean cannulation times in the early NKF and DGT groups after assignment were 257 s and 312 s (P = 0.013), respectively.
CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that early NKF should be considered as the first approach to selective biliary cannulation in patients with repetitive unintentional pancreatic cannulations.
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Effect of rectal indomethacin for preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis depends on difficulties of cannulation: results from a randomized study with sequential biliary intubation. J Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 49:429-37. [PMID: 25790233 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
GOALS AND BACKGROUND The greatest challenges for endoscopists performing biliary therapy in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) are to achieve selective biliary cannulation and prevent post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have proven prophylactic effect in PEP. However, the patient population that would benefit from this approach has not been defined. STUDY A total of 539 patients undergoing our cannulation protocol with early precut were randomized into a placebo-controlled, prospective, double-blind study to rectally receive either 100 mg indomethacin or placebo. The effect of indomethacin on PEP was stratified based on difficulties of cannulation and analyzed in patients with different risks. RESULTS In 70.3% of patients, biliary intubation was successful in the first 5 atraumatic attempts, PEP rate was low, and indomethacin was ineffective (7.4% in the placebo group and 5.2% in the indomethacin group, P=0.406). In the next phase of intubation using guidewire, the success rate increased up to 83.5%, and PEP rate rose up to 8.7%, the effect of indomethacin was significant (11.9% vs. 5.4%, P=0.018). Applying early precut success rate of biliary cannulation increased up to 98.1% and overall indomethacin diminished the frequency of PEP from 13.8% to 6.7% (P=0.007). Preventive effect of indomethacin was demonstrated in cases with defined procedure-related risk (28.3% vs. 13.8%, P=0.028) and with defined patient-related risk (16.3% vs. 7.0%, P=0.004), but not in patients without risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Rectally administered 100 mg indomethacin results in significantly lower PEP rate, particularly in cases with difficult cannulation and with identifiable patient-related or procedure-related risk factors.
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Precut sphincterotomy: efficacy for ductal access and the risk of adverse events. Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 81:924-31. [PMID: 25440676 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful ductal access is achieved in 90% of patients who undergo ERCP. Precut sphincterotomy has been advocated when routine cannulation is not possible. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of precut sphincterotomy for ductal access and the risk of adverse events including post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) associated with it. DESIGN Retrospective analysis of ERCP procedures performed from 2002 to 2011. SETTING Referral center. PATIENTS A total of 10,202 consecutive patients who underwent native cannulation ERCP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Efficacy for ductal access and risk of adverse events including PEP. RESULTS A total of 706 patients required precut sphincterotomy, 614 of whom (86.9%) had successful biliary cannulation. PEP was diagnosed in 58 (8.2 %), perforation in 6 (0.8%), and bleeding in 49 (6.9%) patients. On multivariate analysis, unsuccessful precut sphincterotomy (odds ratio [OR] 2.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.53-4.40; P < .001) and female sex (OR 1.95; 95% CI, 1.23-3.07; P = .004) were associated with increased risk of the development of adverse events. Female sex (OR 2.42; 95% CI, 1.29-4.55; P = .006) and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (OR 2.77; 95% CI, 1.16-6.60; P = .02) were associated with an increased risk of PEP. LIMITATIONS Retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS Precut sphincterotomy is effective in achieving ductal access when standard cannulation techniques fail. A successful precut sphincterotomy is not associated with an increased risk of adverse events.
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Dhir V, Itoi T, Khashab MA, Park DH, Yuen Bun Teoh A, Attam R, Messallam A, Varadarajulu S, Maydeo A. Multicenter comparative evaluation of endoscopic placement of expandable metal stents for malignant distal common bile duct obstruction by ERCP or EUS-guided approach. Gastrointest Endosc 2015; 81:913-23. [PMID: 25484326 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2014.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single session of EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) may be a viable alternative to ERCP in patients with malignant distal common bile duct (CBD) obstruction. There is no study comparing EUS-BD and ERCP for the relief of distal malignant biliary obstruction. OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes of self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) placement for malignant distal biliary obstruction by using ERCP and EUS-BD. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter, retrospective analysis. SETTING Tertiary referral centers. PATIENTS Patients with malignant distal CBD obstruction requiring SEMS placement. INTERVENTIONS Patients in the EUS-BD group underwent EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) or EUS-guided antegrade (EUS-AG) procedures after 1 or more failed ERCP attempts. Patients in the ERCP group underwent retrograde SEMS placement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS Composite success (the ability to complete the intended therapeutic procedure in a single session and resulting in a greater than 50% decrease in bilirubin over 2 weeks). RESULTS The study included 208 patients, 104 treated with ERCP and 104 treated with EUS-BD (68 EUS-CDS, 36 EUS-AG). SEMS placement was successful in 98 patients in the ERCP group and 97 in the EUS-BD group (94.23% vs 93.26%, P = 1.00). The frequency of adverse events in the ERCP and EUS-BD groups was 8.65% and 8.65%, respectively. Postprocedure pancreatitis rates were higher in the ERCP group (4.8% vs 0, P = .059). The mean procedure times in the ERCP and EUS-BD groups were similar (30.10 and 35.95 minutes, P = .05). LIMITATIONS Retrospective analysis. CONCLUSIONS In patients with malignant distal CBD obstruction requiring SEMS placement, the short-term outcome of EUS-BD is comparable to that of ERCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Dhir
- Department of Endoscopy and Endosonography, Baldota Institute of Digestive Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Takao Itoi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mouen A Khashab
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Do Hyun Park
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anthony Yuen Bun Teoh
- Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Rajeev Attam
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Minnesota Medical Centre, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ahmed Messallam
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyam Varadarajulu
- Center for Interventional Endoscopy, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Amit Maydeo
- Department of Endoscopy and Endosonography, Baldota Institute of Digestive Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Risk factors for therapeutic ERCP-related complications: an analysis of 2,715 cases performed by a single endoscopist. Ann Gastroenterol 2014; 24:512-6. [PMID: 24714755 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is now the exclusive endoscopic therapeutic modality for biliary as well as pancreatic diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate patient- and procedure-related risk factors for post-ERCP complications in a large-scale study of procedures performed by a single experienced endoscopist. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study which included a total of 2,715 therapeutic ERCPs enrolled in the final analysis. Potential important patient- and procedure-related risk factors for overall post-ERCP complications, pancreatitis and post-endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) bleeding were investigated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Following the first therapeutic ERCP, 327 patients suffered complications; pancreatitis was observed in 132 (4.9%) patients, hemorrhage in 122 (4.5%) patients, cholangitis in 63 (2.3%) patients, perforation in 3 (0.11%) patients, and basket impaction in 7 (0.26%) patients. History of acute pancreatitis was more common in patients with post-ERCP complications (P<0.001). Female gender, young age (<40 years), periampullary diverticulum, suspected sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, metal stent placement, opacification of main pancreatic duct and suprapapillary fistulotomy were not found to be risk factors for overall post-ERCP complications and post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). Multivariate analysis showed a history of acute pancreatitis, difficult cannulation, needle-knife papillotomy, transpancreatic sphincterotomy, opacification of first and second class pancreatic ductules and acinarization as independent risk factors for overall complications and PEP, whereas antiplatelet and anticoagulation drug use were not found to be independent risk factors for post-ES bleeding. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrate that the endoscopist's experience reduces patient- and procedure-related risk factors for post-ERCP complications.
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James PD, Kaplan GG, Myers RP, Hubbard J, Shaheen AA, Tinmouth J, Yong E, Love J, Heitman SJ. Decreasing mortality from acute biliary diseases that require endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a nationwide cohort study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 12:1151-1159.e6. [PMID: 24095977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The management of acute biliary diseases often involves endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), but it is not clear whether this technique reduces mortality. We investigated whether mortality from acute biliary diseases that require ERCP has been reduced over time and explored factors associated with mortality. METHODS We conducted a cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (1998-2008). We identified hospitalizations for choledocholithiasis, cholangitis, and acute pancreatitis that involved ERCP. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the effects of time period, patient factors, hospital characteristics, features of the ERCP procedure, and types of cholecystectomies on mortality, length of stay, and costs. RESULTS From 1998 to 2008 there were 166,438 admissions for acute biliary conditions that met the inclusion criteria, corresponding to more than 800,000 patients nationwide. During this interval, mortality decreased from 1.1% to 0.6% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-0.8), diagnostic ERCPs decreased from 28.8% to 10.0%, hospitals performing fewer than 100 ERCPs per year decreased from 38.4% to 26.9%, open cholecystectomies decreased from 12.4% to 5.8%, and unsuccessful ERCPs decreased from 6.3% to 3.2% (P < .0001 for all trends). Unsuccessful ERCP (aOR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.4-2.2), open cholecystectomy (aOR, 3.4; 95% CI 2.7-4.3), cholangitis (aOR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5-2.3), older age, having Medicare health insurance, and comorbidity were associated with increased mortality. CONCLUSIONS In-hospital mortality from acute biliary conditions requiring ERCP in the United States has decreased over time. Reductions in the rate of unsuccessful ERCPs and open cholecystectomies are associated with this trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D James
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Calgary Research and Education in Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gilaad G Kaplan
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert P Myers
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - James Hubbard
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abdel Aziz Shaheen
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jill Tinmouth
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Elaine Yong
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan Love
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Calgary Research and Education in Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Steven J Heitman
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Calgary Research and Education in Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Abstract
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of cholangiopancreatic diseases, and pancreatitis remains the most common and severe complication. It is therefore important to minimize the incidence and severity of pancreatitis. This paper discusses the recent progress in the prevention and treatment of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
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Halttunen J, Meisner S, Aabakken L, Arnelo U, Grönroos J, Hauge T, Kleveland PM, Nordblad Schmidt P, Saarela A, Swahn F, Toth E, Mustonen H, Löhr JM. Difficult cannulation as defined by a prospective study of the Scandinavian Association for Digestive Endoscopy (SADE) in 907 ERCPs. Scand J Gastroenterol 2014; 49:752-8. [PMID: 24628493 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2014.894120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The definition of a "difficult" cannulation varies considerably in reports of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). AIMS To define a difficult cannulation, which translates into higher risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective consecutive recording of 907 cannulations in Scandinavian centers done by experienced endoscopists. Inclusion: indication for biliary access in patients with intact papilla. Exclusion: acute non-biliary and chronic pancreatitis at time of procedure. RESULTS The primary cannulation succeeded in 74.9%, with median values for time 0.88 min (53 s), with two attempts and with zero pancreatic passages or injections. The overall cannulation success was 97.4% and post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) rate was 5.3%. The median time for all successful cannulations was 1.55 min (range 0.02-94.2). If the primary cannulation succeeded, the pancreatitis rate was 2.8%; after secondary methods, it rose to 11.5%. Procedures lasting less than 5 min had a PEP rate of 2.6% versus 11.8% in those lasting longer. With one attempt, the PEP rate was 0.6%, with two 3.1%, with three to four 6.1%, and with five and more 11.9%. With one accidental pancreatic guide-wire passage, the risk of the PEP was 3.7%, and with two passages, it was 13.1%. CONCLUSIONS If the increasing rate of PEP is taken as defining factor, the wire-guided cannulation of a native papilla can be considered difficult after 5 min, five attempts, and two pancreatic guide-wire passages when any of those limits is exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorma Halttunen
- Department of Gastrointestinal and General Surgery, Helsinki University Central Hospital , Helsinki , Finland
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Choudhary A, Winn J, Siddique S, Arif M, Arif Z, Hammoud GM, Puli SR, Ibdah JA, Bechtold ML. Effect of precut sphincterotomy on post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4093-4101. [PMID: 24744601 PMCID: PMC3983468 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i14.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To conduct a systemic review and meta-analysis to investigate the role of early precut technique. Multiple randomized controlled trails (RCTs) have reported conflicting results of the early precut sphincterotomy.
METHODS: MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews, and recent abstracts from major conference proceedings were searched (June 2013). Randomized and non-randomized studies comparing early precut technique with prolonged standard methods were included. Pooled estimates of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP), cannulation and adverse events were analyzed by using odds ratio (OR). Random and fixed effects models were used as appropriate. Publication bias was assessed by funnel plots. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by calculating I2 measure of inconsistency.
RESULTS: Seven randomized and seven non-randomized trials met inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of RCTs showed a decrease trend for PEP with early precut sphincterotomy but was not statistically significant (OR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.32-1.05; P = 0.07). No heterogeneity was noted among the studies with I2 of 0%.
CONCLUSION: Early precut technique for common bile duct cannulation decreases the trend of post-ERCP pancreatitis.
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Fuccio L, Cennamo V. Avoidance of early needle knife sphincterotomy to achieve deep biliary cannulation is no longer justified. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11:1523. [PMID: 23707459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fuccio
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Reply: To PMID 23313840. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013; 11:1524. [PMID: 23954645 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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