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Ju M, Kim N, Shin CM, Park YS, Yoon H, Choi Y, Lee DH. [A Randomized, Double-blind, Active-controlled Exploratory Clinical Trial for the Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Goodmorning S Granule ® on Constipation]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY = TAEHAN SOHWAGI HAKHOE CHI 2022; 80:17-27. [PMID: 35879059 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2022.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Constipation is a common gastrointestinal disease that reduces the quality of life and incurs considerable medical expenses. Bisacodyl and sodium docusate are generally used to treat constipation. This study assessed the effectiveness and safety of Goodmorning S Granule® (Hanpoong Pharm. Co., Ltd., Wanju, Korea) in functional constipation by a comparison with bisacodyl. METHODS A 2-week randomized, double-blind, active-controlled exploratory clinical trial was conducted to compare the treatment (Goodmorning S Granule®) with the control (bisacodyl). The efficacy was measured by the changes in transition, Bristol stool type, stomachache, clinical manifestation, defecation time after drug consumption, 36-item short-form survey (SF-36), and the results of improvement evaluation. The safety was evaluated by the incidence of adverse drug events and vital signs. Additional analyses were conducted by dividing the severity according to the proportion of Bristol Stool Scale types 1 and 2. RESULTS Subjects were randomized to the treatment (n=24) or control (n=26) groups. No significant differences were observed in demographics. After 2 weeks from the baseline, the changes in the complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM) were higher in the treatment (4.00±2.62) group than in the control group (1.40±2.34) (p<0.05). The treatment group exhibited significant improvement in the score on the SF-36 questionnaire. The clinical side effects, such as stomachache and borborygmus, were reduced in the moderate constipation patients in the treatment group, according to additional analyses. CONCLUSIONS Goodmorning S Granule®, a herbal medicine, was more effective in improving quality of life and CSBM per week and safer in the moderate constipation groups because of the reduced clinical side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munjin Ju
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yonghun Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
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Khatib MA, Aljaaly EA. Testing the Arabic-Saudi Arabia version of the Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire for functional gastrointestinal disorders for Children living in Saudi Arabia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:1055513. [PMID: 36760688 PMCID: PMC9905431 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.1055513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are a worldwide phenomenon described by painful, recurrent or chronic gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Variable types of FGID exist in a significant portion of children in Saudi Arabia (SA). While the studies and reports on child FGID are limited, the available ones show a notable significance of FGID in children in SA. The self-report Rome IV Diagnostic Questionnaire (DQ) globally recognizes the selection of symptom criteria and incidence thresholds. Using such a questionnaire would help clinicians provide a provisional diagnosis, serve as a case definition for epidemiological surveys, and identify inclusion criteria for clinical trials. This research aimed to pilot test the collective FGIDs prevalence among preschool children in Jeddah city and its countryside of Saudi Arabia, using Rome IV DQ in Arabic-SA. Of the 59 responses, 11.8% (n = 7), 5% (n = 3), 1 (1.6%), and 1 (1.6%) participants have functional dyspepsia, functional constipation, functional irritable bowel syndrome, and functional aerophagia, respectively according to the Rome IV criteria. The tested translated DQ in this study was the first translated version available in Arabic- SA, which could provide researchers and clinicians in SA with a diagnostic tool for FGIDs. However, because this study is a pilot study in a new field, the conclusions cannot be extrapolated to the demographic of the targeted population of children. The same researchers plan a larger study to use the current results and a larger calculated sample to assess FGIDs prevalence in children 4+ years old in Jeddah and its countryside, Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai A Khatib
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham A Aljaaly
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Choi Y, Kim N, Noh GT, Lee JY, Lee DH. The Efficacy and Safety of GCWB104 (<i>Flos</i> Lonicera Extract) in Functional Dyspepsia: A Single-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Gut Liver 2020; 14:67-78. [PMID: 31945816 PMCID: PMC6974325 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
<b>Background/Aims:</b> The <i>Flos Lonicera</i> extract GCWB104 has been shown to have significant protective effects against gastritis and gastric ulcers <i>in vivo</i>. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of GCWB104 in subjects with functional dyspepsia (FD). <b>Methods:</b> In this single-center, double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 92 subjects diagnosed with FD using the Rome III criteria were allocated to either the test group (300 mg of GCWB104, containing 125 mg of <i>Flos Lonicera</i> extract, twice daily) or the placebo group (300 mg placebo, twice daily). The total score improvement on the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) for individual symptoms, changes in antioxidant levels, changes in dyspepsia-related quality of life according to the Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI), and adverse effects were compared before and after 8 weeks of treatment. <b>Results:</b> The differences in total GSRS scores and score improvements after 8 weeks of treatment were significant between the GCWB104 and control groups (p=0.0452 and p=0.0486, respectively). Thirteen of 15 individual symptoms on the GSRS improved in the GCWB104 group, while six symptoms improved in the control group. In addition, statistically significant changes in rumbling, loose stool, and stool urgency were observed in the GCWB104 group. Blood 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels, known as antioxidants, showed significant reductions after 8 weeks of administration of GCWB104. There were no adverse events related to treatment with GCWB104. <b>Conclusions:</b> GCWB104 safely contributed to improvements in mild to moderate FD and irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. Antioxidant effects of GCWB104 were also suggested (Clinicaltrials.gov number NCT04008901).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghoon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Tark Noh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ju Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yue B, Yu ZL, Lv C, Geng XL, Wang ZT, Dou W. Regulation of the intestinal microbiota: An emerging therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:4378-4393. [PMID: 32874052 PMCID: PMC7438192 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i30.4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of metagenomics, metabolomics, and metatranscriptomics provides novel insights into the intestinal microbiota factors linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Multiple microorganisms play a role in intestinal health; these include bacteria, fungi, and viruses that exist in a dynamic balance to maintain mucosal homeostasis. Perturbations in the intestinal microbiota disrupt mucosal homeostasis and are closely related to IBD in humans and colitis in mice. Therefore, preventing or correcting the imbalance of microbiota may serve as a novel prevention or treatment strategy for IBD. We review the most recent evidence for direct or indirect interventions targeting intestinal microbiota for treatment of IBD in order to overcome the current limitations of IBD therapies and shed light on personalized treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Yue
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhi-Lun Yu
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cheng Lv
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao-Long Geng
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Dou
- The MOE key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, and the SATCM key Laboratory of New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
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Xiao Y, Li Y, Shu J, Li Y, Xu J, Ren J, Liu D, Wang J, Zhou L, Li Y, Tang G, Tian D, Zhang S, Hou X, Wang H, Li Z, Lv N, Chen M. The efficacy of oral Zhizhu Kuanzhong, a traditional Chinese medicine, in patients with postprandial distress syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:526-531. [PMID: 30207000 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The treatment of patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) remains unsatisfactory. We assessed the efficacy of Zhizhu Kuanzhong (ZZKZ) capsule, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, in patients with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) of FD. METHODS The study was designed as a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical trial. Three-hundred ninety-two patients with PDS defined by Rome III criteria from 16 centers in China were randomly assigned to receive either ZZKZ or placebo. The proportion of the responders at 4 weeks after randomization was considered primary endpoint. Secondary endpoint was the symptom score reduction of each dyspeptic symptom relative to the baseline at 4 weeks after randomization in all subjects. RESULTS In terms of the primary endpoint, the proportion of the responders concerning the composite PDS symptom score was 38.8% and 54.7% in placebo group and ZZKZ group, respectively (P = 0.003), in per protocol analysis at 4 weeks after randomization. Concerning the individual evaluated upper gastrointestinal symptoms, only postprandial fullness and early satiety showed significant difference in symptom score reduction at 4 weeks after randomization between placebo and ZZKZ groups. CONCLUSIONS Zhizhu Kuanzhong is superior to placebo in the treatment of PDS with FD. The exact mechanisms by which ZZKZ improves symptoms remain to be established (http://www.chictr.org.cn/ChinCTR-TRC-14004714).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglian Xiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianchang Shu
- Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jianlin Ren
- Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Deliang Liu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiangbin Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Liya Zhou
- The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guodou Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
| | - De'an Tian
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Huahong Wang
- The First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoshen Li
- Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nonghua Lv
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Minhu Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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6
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Talley NJ. Functional Dyspepsia: Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy. Gut Liver 2018; 11:349-357. [PMID: 28452210 PMCID: PMC5417776 DOI: 10.5009/gnl16055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common but under-recognized syndrome comprising bothersome recurrent postprandial fullness, early satiety, or epigastric pain/burning. Epidemiologically, there are two clinically distinct FD syndromes (although these often overlap clinically): postprandial distress syndrome (PDS; comprising early satiety or meal-related fullness) and epigastric pain syndrome. Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease overlap with FD more than expected by chance; a subset has pathological acid reflux. The pre-test probability of FD in a patient who presents with classical FD symptoms and no alarm features is high, approximately 0.7. Coexistent heartburn should not lead to the exclusion of FD as a diagnosis. One of the most exciting observations in FD has been the consistent finding of increased duodenal eosinophilia, notably in PDS. Small bowel homing T cells, signaling intestinal inflammation, and increased cytokines have been detected in the circulation, and elevated tumor necrosis factor-α levels have been significantly correlated with increased anxiety. Postinfectious gastroenteritis is a risk factor for FD. Therapeutic options remain limited and provide only symptomatic benefit in most cases. Only one therapy is known to change the natural history of FD–Helicobacter pylori eradication. Treatment of duodenal eosinophilia is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Talley
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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7
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Andrew R, Izzo AA. Principles of pharmacological research of nutraceuticals. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1177-1194. [PMID: 28500635 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Andrew
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Goodsall
- Department of Gastroenterology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW
| | - Michael Potter
- Department of Gastroenterology, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW
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9
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Fan K, Talley NJ. Functional dyspepsia and duodenal eosinophilia: A new model. J Dig Dis 2017; 18:667-677. [PMID: 29083538 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a highly prevalent disorder that affects more than 10% of the population. In the past decade, the theoretical underpinning of the concept of FD has begun to change, in light of new data on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of this disorder, with a focus on the duodenum. The Rome IV criteria, published in 2016, note that gastroesophageal reflux disease and irritable bowel syndrome overlap with FD more than expected by chance, suggesting that they may be part of the same disease spectrum. Infection by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) may explain a minority of cases of FD and in the Rome IV criteria H. pylori-associated dyspepsia (defined as symptom relief after eradication therapy) is considered a separate entity. Duodenal inflammation characterized by increased eosinophils and in some cases mast cells, may impair the intestinal barrier. Post-infectious gastroenteritis is now an established risk factor for FD. Other risk factors may include atopy, owning herbivore pets and exposure to antibiotics, together with gastroduodenal microbiome disturbances. Small bowel homing T cells and increased cytokines in the circulation occur in FD, correlating with slow gastric emptying, and a possible association with autoimmune rheumatological disease supports background immune system activation. A genetic predisposition is possible. FD has been linked to psychological disorders, but in some cases psychological distress may be driven by gut mechanisms. Therapeutic options are limited and, aside from responders to H. pylori eradication, provide only modest and temporary relief. Advances in understanding FD may alter clinical practice, and the treatment of duodenal inflammation or microbiome alterations may lead to a cure for a subset of these patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kening Fan
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Talley
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Rich G, Shah A, Koloski N, Funk P, Stracke B, Köhler S, Holtmann G. A randomized placebo-controlled trial on the effects of Menthacarin, a proprietary peppermint- and caraway-oil-preparation, on symptoms and quality of life in patients with functional dyspepsia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28695660 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a very common condition affecting more than 10% of the population. While there is no cure, a few drugs have been found to be effective for the relief of symptoms, although most are only effective in a subgroup of patients. We assess and compare the efficacy of a fixed peppermint/caraway-oil-combination (Menthacarin) on symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in patients with FD symptoms consistent with epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). METHODS In a prospective, double-blind, multicenter trial, 114 outpatients with chronic or recurrent FD were randomized and treated for 4 weeks with the proprietary peppermint- and caraway-oil-preparation Menthacarin or placebo (2×1 capsule/day). Improvement of abdominal pain and discomfort were used as co-primary efficacy measures (scores measured with the validated Nepean Dyspepsia Index). KEY RESULTS After 2 and 4 weeks, active treatment was superior to placebo in alleviating symptoms consistent with PDS and EPS (P all <.001). After 4 weeks of treatment, pain and discomfort scores improved by 7.6±4.8 and 3.6±2.5 points (full analysis set; mean±SD) for Menthacarin and by 3.4±4.3 and 1.3±2.1 points for placebo, respectively. All secondary efficacy measures showed advantages for Menthacarin. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Menthacarin is an effective therapy for the relief of pain and discomfort and improvement of disease-specific QoL in patients with FD and significantly improves symptoms consistent with EPS and PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rich
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A Shah
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - N Koloski
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - P Funk
- Clinical Research Department, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B Stracke
- Clinical Research Department, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - S Köhler
- Clinical Research Department, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - G Holtmann
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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de Lima Glória L, Barreto de Souza Arantes M, Menezes de Faria Pereira S, de Souza Vieira G, Xavier Martins C, Ribeiro de Carvalho Junior A, Antunes F, Braz-Filho R, José Curcino Vieira I, Leandro da Cruz L, Siqueira de Almeida Chaves D, de Paiva Freitas S, Barros de Oliveira D. Phenolic Compounds Present Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Influence the Lowering of Blood Pressure in Rats. Molecules 2017; 22:E1792. [PMID: 29065547 PMCID: PMC6151430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study identified two phenolic compounds in Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi fruits: naringenin (first report in this species) and gallic acid. Their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data (¹H-, 13C-NMR) and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. A high content of phenolics (659.21 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of sample-Folin-Ciocalteau method) and total flavonoids (140.69 mg of rutin equivalents/g of sample-aluminum chloride method) were quantified in S. terebinthifolius, as well as high antioxidant activity (77.47%-2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH method). The antihypertensive activity related to its phenolic content was investigated. After intravenous infusion in Wistar rats, these phenolics significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the systolic, median, and diastolic arterial pressures of individuals. The rotarod test was performed to determine the mechanism of action of the sample vasorelaxant effect. It was found that its action exceeded that of the positive control used (diazepam). This confirmed the vasodilatory activity exerted by S. terebinthifolius fruits is related to the phenolic compounds present in the plant, which are potent antioxidants and inhibit oxidative stress, mainly in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena de Lima Glória
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Barreto de Souza Arantes
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Silvia Menezes de Faria Pereira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme de Souza Vieira
- Laboratório de Clínica e Cirurgia Animal, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Camilla Xavier Martins
- Laboratório de Clínica e Cirurgia Animal, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Almir Ribeiro de Carvalho Junior
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, CCT, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Laboratório de Clínica e Cirurgia Animal, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Raimundo Braz-Filho
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, CCT, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Ivo José Curcino Vieira
- Laboratório de Ciências Químicas, CCT, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Leandro da Cruz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Douglas Siqueira de Almeida Chaves
- Laboratório de Química de Bioativos Naturais, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23897-000, Brazil.
| | - Silvério de Paiva Freitas
- Laboratório de Fitotecnia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil.
| | - Daniela Barros de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Alimentos, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes 28013-602, Brazil.
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Khonche A, Fallah Huseini H, Abdi H, Mohtashami R, Nabati F, Kianbakht S. Efficacy of Mentha pulegium extract in the treatment of functional dyspepsia: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 206:267-273. [PMID: 28571727 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE Mentha pulegium L. leaves are used in the Iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. AIM OF STUDY To study the efficacy and safety of M. pulegium in the treatment of functional dyspepsia patients fulfilling the Rome III criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy and safety of a standardized Mentha pulegium leaf extract (drug extract ratio: 15.9:1, extraction solvent: 70% v/v aqueous ethanol) (330mg three times daily taken for 2 months) as add-on to one famotidine 40mg tablet per day in the treatment of 50 functional dyspepsia patients were compared with those of a parallel placebo group (n =50). RESULTS The extract significantly decreased the total dyspepsia score measured by the Hong Kong dyspepsia index compared to the placebo and baseline (P=0.011 and P<0.001 respectively). The stomach pain, upper abdominal bloating, upper abdominal dull ache, belching and total dyspepsia scores were decreased from baseline in the extract group significantly compared to the placebo (P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.003, P<0.001 and P<0.001 respectively). However, the decreases of other dyspepsia symptoms scores from baseline in the extract group were not significant compared to the placebo (P>0.05). The extract improved the quality of life measured by the SF-36 questionnaire significantly compared to the placebo and baseline (P=0.003 and P<0.001 respectively). Moreover, the extract lowered the rate of H. pylori infection determined by the urease test significantly compared to the placebo and baseline (P=0.001 and P<0.001 respectively). The extract did not significantly affect the complete blood count and liver and kidney function tests (P>0.05). The patients did not experience any adverse drug effect. CONCLUSIONS M. pulegium extract (genuine drug extract ratio: 19.4:1; extraction solvent: 70% v/v aqueous ethanol) 270mg three times daily taken for 2 months as adjunct to one famotidine 40mg tablet per day seems safe, improves dyspeptic symptoms and quality of life and eradicates H. pylori in functional dyspepsia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Khonche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Fallah Huseini
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hamed Abdi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mohtashami
- Medicine Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Nabati
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saeed Kianbakht
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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Currò D, Ianiro G, Pecere S, Bibbò S, Cammarota G. Probiotics, fibre and herbal medicinal products for functional and inflammatory bowel disorders. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1426-1449. [PMID: 27696378 PMCID: PMC5429330 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional bowel disorders (FBD), mainly irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional constipation (FC, also called chronic idiopathic constipation), are very common worldwide. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, although less common, has a strong impact on patients' quality of life, as well as being highly expensive for our healthcare. A definite cure for those disorders is still yet to come. Over the years, several therapeutic approaches complementary or alternative to traditional pharmacological treatments, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fibre and herbal medicinal products, have been investigated for the management of both groups of diseases. However, most available studies are biased by several drawbacks, including small samples and poor methodological quality. Probiotics, in particular Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacilli (among which Lactobacillus rhamnosus), synbiotics, psyllium, and some herbal medicinal products, primarily peppermint oil, seem to be effective in ameliorating IBS symptoms. Synbiotics and fibre seem to be beneficial in FC patients. The probiotic combination VSL#3 may be effective in inducing remission in patients with mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis, in whom Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 seems to be as effective as mesalamine in maintaining remission. No definite conclusions can be drawn as to the efficacy of fibre and herbal medicinal products in IBD patients due to the low number of studies and the lack of randomized controlled trials that replicate the results obtained in the individual studies conducted so far. Thus, further, well-designed studies are needed to address the real role of these therapeutic options in the management of both FBD and IBD. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Currò
- Institute of PharmacologySchool of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartL.go F. Vito 100168RomeItaly
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartL.go F. Vito 100168RomeItaly
| | - Silvia Pecere
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartL.go F. Vito 100168RomeItaly
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineUniversity of SassariV.le S. Pietro, 807100SassariItaly
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred HeartL.go F. Vito 100168RomeItaly
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Alt F, Chong PW, Teng E, Uebelhack R. Evaluation of Benefit and Tolerability of IQP-CL-101 (Xanthofen) in the Symptomatic Improvement of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Double-Blinded, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1056-1062. [PMID: 28508427 PMCID: PMC5518189 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder of unknown aetiology. There is currently no known cure, and pharmacological interventions are usually targeting symptomatic relief, where natural and herbal remedies also play a role. This study aimed to evaluate the benefit and tolerability of IQP-CL-101 in symptomatic IBS relief. A double-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was conducted over 8 weeks. A total of 99 subjects fulfilling ROME-III criteria for IBS were randomised into two groups, given either two IQP-CL-101 softgels or matching placebo twice daily before main meals. The primary endpoint was the difference in change of IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS) after an 8-week intake of IQP-CL-101 compared to placebo. After 8 weeks, subjects on IQP-CL-101 showed a significant reduction in IBS-SSS (113.0 ± 64.9-point reduction) compared to subjects on placebo (38.7 ± 64.5-point reduction) (p < 0.001). A significant improvement could be seen as early as 4 weeks. No serious adverse events were reported throughout. IQP-CL-101 can be considered beneficial in the improvement of IBS symptom severity, regardless of IBS type, and therefore able to improve quality of life in patients suffering from abdominal pain and discomfort. © 2017 The Authors. Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Alt
- analyze & realize GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Emily Teng
- InQpharm Europe Ltd, E-16, Plaza Mont Kiara, 2 Jalan Kiara, Kuala Lumpur, 50480, Malaysia
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Waggershauser CH, Allescher HD, Storr M. [Current treatment of dyspepsia in primary care]. MMW Fortschr Med 2017; 159:46-54. [PMID: 28417420 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-017-9044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans-Dieter Allescher
- Zentrum für Innere Medizin, Klinikum Garmisch Partenkirchen, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Deutschland
| | - Martin Storr
- Zentrum für Endoskopie, Oßwaldstr. 1, D-82319, Starnberg, Deutschland.
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The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine is Frequent in Patients With Pancreatic Disorders. J Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 50 Suppl 2, Proceedings from the 8th Probiotics, Prebiotics & New Foods for Microbiota and Human Health meeting held in Rome, Italy on September 13-15, 2015:S161-S163. [PMID: 27741165 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herbal remedies and other complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are used by 30% of the patients with liver and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, there are no data regarding CAM use in patients with pancreatic disorders, including potential pancreatotoxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of CAM use in patients with pancreatic disorders and screen for pancreatotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of consecutive outpatients seen at a Pancreas Center. Data were collected in a specific questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the prevalence and the patterns of CAM use. Characteristics associated with CAM use were analyzed by appropriate statistics. RESULTS Of 108 patients (52% male; mean age, 65±13 years), 47 (43.5%) used CAM. The use of CAM was more frequent among patients with previous acute pancreatitis (47%). Reported reasons for the use of CAM were to help standard therapies and for an overall better feeling. About 61% of the patients reported advantages with treatment. As compared with nonusers, CAM users were more often female (55% vs. 42%), with a higher school degree (43% vs. 36%), more frequently performing physical activity (51% vs. 41%), and reporting anxiety (45% vs. 31%). However, none of these differences were statistically significant. Three patients with previous acute pancreatitis reported the use of Serenoa repens that is potentially pancreatotoxic. DISCUSSION The rate of CAM use in patients with pancreatic disorders is similar to those reported for other digestive diseases. CAM use seems to be more frequent in women with a higher education level and a "healthier lifestyle." Patients might not be aware of the potential pancreatotoxicity of CAM, which should be carefully considered by physicians.
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Sen A, Yuksel M, Bulut G, Bitis L, Ercan F, Ozyilmaz-Yay N, Akbulut O, Cobanoğlu H, Ozkan S, Sener G. Therapeutic Potential ofMyrtus communisSubsp.communisExtract Against Acetic ACID-Induced Colonic Inflammation in Rats. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Sen
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Marmara University, School of Pharmacy; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Meral Yuksel
- Marmara University, Vocational School of Health Related Professions; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gizem Bulut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany; Marmara University, School of Pharmacy; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Leyla Bitis
- Department of Pharmacognosy; Marmara University, School of Pharmacy; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Feriha Ercan
- Department of Histology & Embryology; Marmara University, School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Nagehan Ozyilmaz-Yay
- Department of Histology & Embryology; Marmara University, School of Medicine; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Ozben Akbulut
- Department of Pharmacology; Marmara University, School of Pharmacy; Tıbbiye Street 34688 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hamit Cobanoğlu
- Department of Pharmacology; Marmara University, School of Pharmacy; Tıbbiye Street 34688 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sevil Ozkan
- Department of Internal Medicine; Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Goksel Sener
- Department of Pharmacology; Marmara University, School of Pharmacy; Tıbbiye Street 34688 Istanbul Turkey
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Talley NJ. Functional dyspepsia: new insights into pathogenesis and therapy. Korean J Intern Med 2016; 31:444-56. [PMID: 27048251 PMCID: PMC4855108 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One in 10 people suffer from functional dyspepsia (FD), a clinical syndrome comprising chronic bothersome early satiety, or postprandial fullness, or epigastric pain or burning. Postprandial distress syndrome (PDS, comprising early satiety and/or postprandial fullness) and epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) are increasingly accepted as valid clinical entities, based on new insights into the pathophysiology and the results of clinical trials. Diagnosis is based on the clinical history, and exclusion of peptic ulcer and cancer by endoscopy. Evidence is accumulating FD and gastroesophageal ref lux disease are part of the same disease spectrum in a major subset. The causes of FD remain to be established, but accumulating data suggest infections and possibly food may play an important role in subsets. FD does not equate with no pathology; duodenal eosinophilia is now an accepted association, and Helicobacter pylori infection is considered to be causally linked to dyspepsia although only a minority will respond to eradication. In those with EPS, acid suppression therapy is a first line therapy; consider a H2 blocker even if proton pump inhibitor fails. In PDS, a prokinetic is preferred. Second line therapy includes administration of a tricyclic antidepressant in low doses, or mirtazapine, but not a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Talley
- Correspondence to Nicholas J. Talley, M.D. Department of Gastroenterology, The University of Newcastle Australia Faculty of Health and Medicine, HMRI Building Lot 1 Kookaburra Circuit, University Drive, Callaghan 2308, Australia Tel: +61-2-49215855 Fax: +61-2-40420034 E-mail:
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Shim YK, Lee JY, Kim NY, Park YH, Yoon H, Shin CM, Park YS, Lee DH. [Efficacy and Safety of New Prokinetic Agent Benachio Q Solution® in Patients with Postprandial Distress Syndrome Subtype in Functional Dyspepsia: A Single-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Pilot Study]. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2015; 66:17-26. [PMID: 26194125 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2015.66.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a gastrointestinal disorder in which the patient suffers from chronic abdominal symptoms despite the absence of organic disease. Benachio Q solution (soln.)® is a new prokinetic herbal medicine. The aim of the present study is to determine the efficacy and safety of Benachio Q soln.® in patients with postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) subtype in FD. METHODS A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study was performed in 20 patients with PDS. Patients were assigned to receive either Benachio Q soln.® or placebo three times a day. After 4 weeks of treatment, the data on response rates, symptoms severity of PDS and gastric emptying time were analyzed to evaluate its efficacy. Adverse events, laboratory tests and vital sign were analyzed to assess its safety. RESULTS Nine patients were assigned to Benachio group and 10 patients to placebo group. The response rate after 4 weeks was 44.4% and 20.0% in Benachio and placebo group, respectively (p=0.350). The response rate during the first week in Benachio group was better compared to that of placebo group with marginal difference (33.3% vs. 0.0%, p=0.087). Changes of severity score in early satiety on second and third week were -1.8 ± 0.6, -1.9 ± 0.4 and -1.3 ± 0.5, -1.4 ± 0.6 in Benachio and placebo group, respectively (p=0.059 vs. p=0.033). No adverse event was observed. CONCLUSIONS The new herbal drug, Benachio Q soln.® seems to improve the symptoms of PDS subtype in FD and could be used safely. Further larger trial is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Kwang Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ju Yup Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu,Korea
| | - Na Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yo Han Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Young Soo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Talley NJ, Holtmann G, Walker MM. Therapeutic strategies for functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome based on pathophysiology. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:601-13. [PMID: 25917563 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are common and distressing. They are so named because a defined pathophysiology in terms of structural or biochemical pathways is lacking. Traditionally FGIDs have been conceptualized as brain-gut disorders, with subgroups of patients demonstrating visceral hypersensitivity and motility abnormalities as well as psychological distress. However, it is becoming apparent that there are certain structural or biochemical gut alterations among subsets with the common FGIDs, most notably functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). For example, a sodium channel mutation has been identified in IBS that may account for 2 % of cases, and subtle intestinal inflammation has been observed in both IBS and FD. Other research has implicated early life events and stress, autoimmune disorders and atopy and infections, the gut microbiome and disordered mucosal immune activation in patients with IBS or FD. Understanding the origin of symptoms in FGIDs will allow therapy to be targeted at the pathophysiological changes, not at merely alleviating symptoms, and holds hope for eventual cure in some cases. For example, there are promising developments in manipulating the microbiome through diet, prebiotics and antibiotics in IBS, and testing and treating patients for Helicobacter pylori infection remains a mainstay of therapy in patients with dyspepsia and this infection. Locally acting drugs such as linaclotide have been an advance in treating the symptoms of constipation-predominant IBS, but do not alter the natural history of the disease. A role for a holistic approach to patients with FGIDs is warranted, as brain-to-gut and gut-to-brain pathways appear to be activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Talley
- Global Research, University of Newcastle, HMRI Building, Room 3419, Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton, NSW, 2305, Australia,
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Stein B, Everhart KK, Lacy BE. Treatment of functional dyspepsia and gastroparesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 12:385-97. [PMID: 25169218 DOI: 10.1007/s11938-014-0028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Functional dyspepsia (FD) and gastroparesis (GP) are the two most prevalent gastric neuromuscular disorders. These disorders are frequently confused, have more similarities than differences, and can be thought of as two ends of a continuous spectrum of gastric neuromuscular disorders (Fig. 1). FD is currently defined by the Rome III criteria; it is now subdivided into a pain-predominant subtype (epigastric pain syndrome) and a meal-associated subtype (post-prandial distress syndrome). GP is defined by symptoms in conjunction with delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. Symptoms for both FD and GP are similar and include epigastric pain or discomfort, early satiety, bloating, and post-prandial nausea. Vomiting can occur with either diagnosis; it is typically more common in GP. A patient suspected of having either FD or GP should undergo upper endoscopy. In suspected FD, upper endoscopy is required to exclude an alternative organic cause for the patient's symptoms; however, most (70 %) patients with dyspeptic symptoms will have FD rather than an organic disorder. In suspected GP, upper endoscopy is required to rule out a mechanical obstruction. A 4-hour solid-phase gastric emptying scan is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of GP; its utility is unclear in patients with FD, as it may not change treatment. Once the diagnosis of FD or GP is made, treatment should focus on the predominant symptom. This is especially true in patients with GP, as accelerating gastric emptying with the use of prokinetics may not necessarily translate into an improvement in symptoms. Unfortunately, no medication is currently approved for the treatment of FD and, thus, technically, all treatment options remain off-label, including medications for visceral pain (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants) and nausea. This review focuses on treatment options for FD and GP with an emphasis on new advances in the field over the last several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stein
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH, 03756, USA,
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