1
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Huang C, Hecht EM, Soloff EV, Tiwari HA, Bhosale PR, Dasayam A, Galgano SJ, Kambadakone A, Kulkarni NM, Le O, Liau J, Luk L, Rosenthal MH, Sangster GP, Goenka AH. Imaging for Early Detection of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Updates and Challenges in the Implementation of Screening and Surveillance Programs. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2024. [PMID: 38809122 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.24.31151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most aggressive cancers. It has a poor 5-year survival rate of 12%, partly because most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, precluding curative surgical resection. Early-stage PDA has significantly better prognoses due to increased potential for curative interventions, making early detection of PDA critically important to improved patient outcomes. We examine current and evolving early detection concepts, screening strategies, diagnostic yields among high-risk individuals, controversies, and limitations of standard-of-care imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchan Huang
- Department of Radiology, NYU Langone Health, 660 First Avenue, 3rd floor, New York, NY 10016
| | - Elizabeth M Hecht
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 520 East 70th Street, Starr 8a-29, New York, NY 10021
| | - Erik V Soloff
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Box 357233, Seattle WA 98195-7115
| | - Hina Arif Tiwari
- Department of Radiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Banner University Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Avenue, PO Box 245067, Tucson, AZ 85724-5067
| | - Priya R Bhosale
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcomb Street Bellaire Texas 77401
| | - Anil Dasayam
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Samuel J Galgano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th St S, JT N454, Birmingham, AL 35249
| | - Avinash Kambadakone
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA-02114
| | - Naveen M Kulkarni
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8752 William Coffey Dr., Milwaukee, WI 53226
| | - Ott Le
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcomb Street Bellaire Texas 77401
| | - Joy Liau
- Department of Radiology, University of California at San Diego, 200 W. Arbor Drive #8756; San Diego, CA 92103-8756
| | - Lyndon Luk
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032
| | - Michael H Rosenthal
- Department of Radiology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 450 Brookline AvenueBoston, MA 02215
| | - Guillermo P Sangster
- Department of Radiology, OLSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103
| | - Ajit H Goenka
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Charlton 1, Rochester, MN 55905
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2
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Huang J, Gao G, Ge Y, Liu J, Cui H, Zheng R, Wang J, Wang S, Go VL, Hu S, Liu Y, Yang M, Sun Y, Shang D, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Xiang Z, Wang H, Guo J, Xiao GG. Development of a Serum-Based MicroRNA Signature for Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: A Multicenter Cohort Study. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1263-1273. [PMID: 38451429 PMCID: PMC11026211 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A grim prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PCa) was attributed to the difficulty in early diagnosis of the disease. AIMS Identifying novel biomarkers for early detection of PCa is thus urgent to improve the overall survival rates of patients. METHODS The study was performed firstly by identification of candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues using microarray profiles, and followed by validation in a serum-based cohort study to assess clinical utility of the candidates. In the cohorts, a total of 1273 participants from four centers were retrospectively recruited as two cohorts including training and validation cohort. The collected serum specimens were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS We identified 27 miRNAs expressed differentially in PCa tissues as compared to the benign. Of which, the top-four was selected as a panel whose diagnostic efficacy was fully assessed in the serum specimens. The panel exhibited superior to CA19-9, CA125, CEA and CA242 in discriminating patients with early stage PCa from healthy controls or non-PCa including chronic pancreatitis as well as pancreatic cystic neoplasms, with the area under the curves (AUC) of 0.971 (95% CI 0.956-0.987) and 0.924 (95% CI 0.899-0.949), respectively. Moreover, the panel eliminated interference from other digestive tumors with a specificity of 90.2%. CONCLUSIONS A panel of four serum miRNAs was developed showing remarkably discriminative ability of early stage PCa from either healthy controls or other pancreatic diseases, suggesting it may be developed as a novel, noninvasive approach for early screening of PCa in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second & The Third Xiangya Hospitals, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Ge
- Department of Food Safety and Toxicology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhou Liu
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtu Cui
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ren Zheng
- National Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Si Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Vay Liang Go
- The UCLA Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shen Hu
- The UCLA Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yefu Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, No.44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, China
| | - Minwei Yang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital,, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongwei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital,, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine , Department of General Surgery, Pancreaticobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yantao Tian
- Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second & The Third Xiangya Hospitals, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Junchao Guo
- Department of General Surgery, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Fine Chemical Engineering and Department of Pharmacology, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
- The UCLA Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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3
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Singh RR, Gopakumar H, Sharma NR. Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Cysts: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030550. [PMID: 36766654 PMCID: PMC9914101 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of pancreatic cysts has been rising due to the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging (CT scan and MRI) of the abdomen. While most pancreatic cysts are benign and do not require treatment or surveillance, a significant minority are premalignant and rarely malignant. The risk stratification of these lesions is not straightforward, and individual risk assessment, cyst size, distribution, and alarming morphologic features (when present) can guide the next steps in management. Neoplastic pancreatic cysts are mucinous or non-mucinous. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration is often required to classify pancreatic cysts into mucinous and non-mucinous cysts and to assess the malignant potential. Advances in endoscopic techniques (confocal laser endomicroscopy, microforceps biopsy) can provide a definitive diagnosis of pancreatic cysts in some cases; however, the use of these techniques involves a higher risk of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ritu R. Singh
- Parkview Cancer Institute (PCI), Parkview Regional Medical Center, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA
| | - Harishankar Gopakumar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Peoria, IL 61656, USA
| | - Neil R. Sharma
- Parkview Cancer Institute (PCI), Parkview Regional Medical Center, Fort Wayne, IN 46845, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA
- Correspondence:
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4
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Pancreatic Incidentaloma. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11164648. [PMID: 36012893 PMCID: PMC9409921 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11164648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic incidentalomas (PIs) represent a clinical entity increasingly recognized due to advances in and easier access to imaging techniques. By definition, PIs should be detected during abdominal imaging performed for indications other than a pancreatic disease. They range from small cysts to invasive cancer. The incidental diagnosis of pancreatic cancer can contribute to early diagnosis and treatment. On the other hand, inadequate management of PIs may result in overtreatment and unneeded morbidity. Therefore, there is a strong need to evaluate the nature and clinical features of individual PIs. In this review, we summarize the major characteristics related to PIs and present suggestions for their management.
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Farr KP, Moses D, Haghighi KS, Phillips PA, Hillenbrand CM, Chua BH. Imaging Modalities for Early Detection of Pancreatic Cancer: Current State and Future Research Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102539. [PMID: 35626142 PMCID: PMC9139708 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary While survival rates for many cancers have improved dramatically over the last 20 years, patients with pancreatic cancer have persistently poor outcomes. The majority of patients with pancreatic cancer are not suitable for potentially curative surgery due to locally advanced or metastatic disease stage at diagnosis. Therefore, early detection would potentially improve survival of pancreatic cancer patients through earlier intervention. Here, we present clinical challenges in the early detection of pancreatic cancer, characterise high risk groups for pancreatic cancer and current screening programs in high-risk individuals. The aim of this scoping review is to investigate the role of both established and novel imaging modalities for early detection of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we investigate innovative imaging techniques for early detection of pancreatic cancer, but its widespread application requires further investigation and potentially a combination with other non-invasive biomarkers. Abstract Pancreatic cancer, one of the most lethal malignancies, is increasing in incidence. While survival rates for many cancers have improved dramatically over the last 20 years, people with pancreatic cancer have persistently poor outcomes. Potential cure for pancreatic cancer involves surgical resection and adjuvant therapy. However, approximately 85% of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer are not suitable for potentially curative therapy due to locally advanced or metastatic disease stage. Because of this stark survival contrast, any improvement in early detection would likely significantly improve survival of patients with pancreatic cancer through earlier intervention. This comprehensive scoping review describes the current evidence on groups at high risk for developing pancreatic cancer, including individuals with inherited predisposition, pancreatic cystic lesions, diabetes, and pancreatitis. We review the current roles of imaging modalities focusing on early detection of pancreatic cancer. Additionally, we propose the use of advanced imaging modalities to identify early, potentially curable pancreatic cancer in high-risk cohorts. We discuss innovative imaging techniques for early detection of pancreatic cancer, but its widespread application requires further investigation and potentially a combination with other non-invasive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherina P. Farr
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.S.H.); (B.H.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Daniel Moses
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Koroush S. Haghighi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.S.H.); (B.H.C.)
- Department of General Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Phoebe A. Phillips
- Pancreatic Cancer Translational Research Group, School of Clinical Medicine, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Claudia M. Hillenbrand
- Research Imaging NSW, Division of Research & Enterprise, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Boon H. Chua
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (K.S.H.); (B.H.C.)
- Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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6
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Hijioka S, Morizane C, Takaori K, Okusaka T. Study protocol for a multi-institutional prospective surveillance study among kindreds with familial pancreatic cancer and individuals with hereditary pancreatic cancer syndrome: The Diamond Study. Pancreatology 2022; 22:534-538. [PMID: 35443912 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history of pancreatic cancer (PC) and some hereditary cancer syndromes are risk factors for PC. Previous studies suggest that conducting surveillance for kindreds at high risk for familial PC may be useful for diagnoses at the stage where resections can still be implemented; however, there is insufficient evidence linking surveillance and increased rates of resectable PC. METHODS We launched a surveillance study for kindreds with familial PC and individuals with hereditary PC syndrome, titled the "Diamond Study," in June 2020. This Japanese national multi-institutional prospective intervention study has been initiated to conduct evaluations within a prospective clinical trial format. RESULTS The primary endpoint is the fraction of patients with resectable PC among patients with PC found through surveillance interventions. Endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging combined with magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography will be performed alternatively every 6 months for up to 15 years, with 400 as the predicted number of registered participants and a predicted registration period of 10 years. CONCLUSION We intend to scientifically prove the usefulness of surveillance for kindreds with familial PC and individuals with hereditary PC syndrome to improve PC prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Hijioka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Chigusa Morizane
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Takuji Okusaka
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Gonda TA, Farrell J, Wallace M, Khanna L, Janec E, Kwon R, Saunders M, Siddiqui UD, Brand R, Simeone DM. Standardization of EUS imaging and reporting in high-risk individuals of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: consensus statement of the Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection Consortium. Gastrointest Endosc 2022; 95:723-732.e7. [PMID: 34736932 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2021.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an aggressive disease most often diagnosed after local progression or metastatic dissemination, precluding resection and resulting in a high mortality rate. For individuals with elevated personal risk of the development of pancreatic cancer, EUS is a frequently used advanced imaging and diagnostic modality. However, variability in the expertise and definition of EUS findings exists among gastroenterologists, as well as a lack of standardized reporting of relevant findings at the time of examination. Adoption of standardized EUS reporting, using a universally accepted and agreed on terminology, is needed. METHODS A consensus statement designed to create a standardized reporting template was authored by a multidisciplinary group of experts in pancreatic diseases that includes gastroenterologists, radiologists, surgeons, oncologists, and geneticists. This statement was developed using a modified Delphi process as part of the Pancreatic Cancer Early Detection Consortium, and >75% agreement was required to reach consensus. RESULTS We identified reporting elements and present standardized reporting templates for EUS indications, procedural data, EUS image capture, and descriptors of findings, tissue sampling, and postprocedural assessment of adequacy. CONCLUSIONS Adoption of this standardized EUS reporting template should improve consistency in clinical decision-making for individuals with elevated risk of pancreatic cancer by providing complete and accurate reporting of pancreatic abnormalities. Standardization will also help to facilitate research and clinical trial design by using clearly defined and consistent imaging descriptions, thus allowing for comparison of results across different centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas A Gonda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - James Farrell
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Wallace
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Lauren Khanna
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eileen Janec
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard Kwon
- Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Saunders
- Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Uzma D Siddiqui
- Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Randall Brand
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diane M Simeone
- Gastroenterology, Surgical Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Schwartz I, Sharma P, Vankawala P, Cruz N, Abraham RR, Sussman DA, Girotra M. High Rate of Pancreatic Structural Changes Among Tobacco-Using Individuals at High Risk for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Undergoing Endoscopic Ultrasound. Pancreas 2022; 51:e1-e3. [PMID: 35195604 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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9
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Management of Incidental Pancreatic Cystic Lesions: Integrating Novel Diagnostic and Prognostic Factors With Current Clinical Guidelines. J Clin Gastroenterol 2020; 54:415-427. [PMID: 32011401 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to increased detection rates, the diagnosis and management of incidental pancreatic cysts has become a common predicament. Up to 13% of patients undergoing cross-sectional imaging studies for other indications are found to have pancreatic cystic lesions. Although most cystic lesions are benign, the malignant potential of several types of pancreatic cysts makes accurate classification vital to directing therapy. To this end, advances in the last decade led to better characterization of pancreatic cyst morphology and hence enhanced the ability to predict underlying histopathology, and biological behavior. Although accurate classification remains a challenge, the utilization of complementary diagnostic tools is the optimal approach to dictate management. The following review includes a description of pancreatic cysts, a critical review of current and emerging diagnostic techniques and a review of recent guidelines in the management of incidental pancreatic cysts.
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10
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Kulkarni NM, Mannelli L, Zins M, Bhosale PR, Arif-Tiwari H, Brook OR, Hecht EM, Kastrinos F, Wang ZJ, Soloff EV, Tolat PP, Sangster G, Fleming J, Tamm EP, Kambadakone AR. White paper on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma from society of abdominal radiology's disease-focused panel for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Part II, update on imaging techniques and screening of pancreatic cancer in high-risk individuals. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2020; 45:729-742. [PMID: 31768594 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-019-02290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive gastrointestinal malignancy with a poor 5-year survival rate. Its high mortality rate is attributed to its aggressive biology and frequently late presentation. While surgical resection remains the only potentially curative treatment, only 10-20% of patients will present with surgically resectable disease. Over the past several years, development of vascular bypass graft techniques and introduction of neoadjuvant treatment regimens have increased the number of patients who can undergo resection with a curative intent. While the role of conventional imaging in the detection, characterization, and staging of patients with PDAC is well established, its role in monitoring treatment response, particularly following neoadjuvant therapy remains challenging because of the complex anatomic and histological nature of PDAC. Novel morphologic and functional imaging techniques (such as DECT, DW-MRI, and PET/MRI) are being investigated to improve the diagnostic accuracy and the ability to measure response to therapy. There is also a growing interest to detect PDAC and its precursor lesions at an early stage in asymptomatic patients to increase the likelihood of achieving cure. This has led to the development of pancreatic cancer screening programs. This article will review recent updates in imaging techniques and the current status of screening and surveillance of individuals at a high risk of developing PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen M Kulkarni
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | | | - Marc Zins
- Department of Radiology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, 185 rue Raymond Losserand, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Priya R Bhosale
- Abdominal Imaging Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1473, Houston, TX, 77030-400, USA
| | - Hina Arif-Tiwari
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, P.O. Box 245067, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Olga R Brook
- Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Shapiro 4, Boston, MA, 02215-5400, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Hecht
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, PH1-317, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Fay Kastrinos
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Cancer, 161 Fort Washington Avenue, Suite: 862, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Zhen Jane Wang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Erik V Soloff
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Parag P Tolat
- Department of Radiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Guillermo Sangster
- Department of Radiology, Ochsner LSU Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Highway, Shreveport, LA, 71103, USA
| | - Jason Fleming
- Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Eric P Tamm
- Abdominal Imaging Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1473, Houston, TX, 77030-400, USA
| | - Avinash R Kambadakone
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, White 270, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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11
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Goggins M, Overbeek KA, Brand R, Syngal S, Del Chiaro M, Bartsch DK, Bassi C, Carrato A, Farrell J, Fishman EK, Fockens P, Gress TM, van Hooft JE, Hruban RH, Kastrinos F, Klein A, Lennon AM, Lucas A, Park W, Rustgi A, Simeone D, Stoffel E, Vasen HFA, Cahen DL, Canto MI, Bruno M. Management of patients with increased risk for familial pancreatic cancer: updated recommendations from the International Cancer of the Pancreas Screening (CAPS) Consortium. Gut 2020; 69:7-17. [PMID: 31672839 PMCID: PMC7295005 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The International Cancer of the Pancreas Screening Consortium met in 2018 to update its consensus recommendations for the management of individuals with increased risk of pancreatic cancer based on family history or germline mutation status (high-risk individuals). METHODS A modified Delphi approach was employed to reach consensus among a multidisciplinary group of experts who voted on consensus statements. Consensus was considered reached if ≥75% agreed or disagreed. RESULTS Consensus was reached on 55 statements. The main goals of surveillance (to identify high-grade dysplastic precursor lesions and T1N0M0 pancreatic cancer) remained unchanged. Experts agreed that for those with familial risk, surveillance should start no earlier than age 50 or 10 years earlier than the youngest relative with pancreatic cancer, but were split on whether to start at age 50 or 55. Germline ATM mutation carriers with one affected first-degree relative are now considered eligible for surveillance. Experts agreed that preferred surveillance tests are endoscopic ultrasound and MRI/magnetic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, but no consensus was reached on how to alternate these modalities. Annual surveillance is recommended in the absence of concerning lesions. Main areas of disagreement included if and how surveillance should be performed for hereditary pancreatitis, and the management of indeterminate lesions. CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic surveillance is recommended for selected high-risk individuals to detect early pancreatic cancer and its high-grade precursors, but should be performed in a research setting by multidisciplinary teams in centres with appropriate expertise. Until more evidence supporting these recommendations is available, the benefits, risks and costs of surveillance of pancreatic surveillance need additional evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Goggins
- Pathology, Medicine Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Randall Brand
- Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sapna Syngal
- GI Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marco Del Chiaro
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Detlef K Bartsch
- Division of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Claudio Bassi
- Department of Surgey, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - James Farrell
- Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Elliot K Fishman
- The Russell H Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul Fockens
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology & Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas M Gress
- Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Infectiology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jeanin E van Hooft
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Fay Kastrinos
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA,Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Allison Klein
- Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Aimee Lucas
- Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Walter Park
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Anil Rustgi
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Diane Simeone
- New York University Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - Hans F A Vasen
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Djuna L Cahen
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Bruno
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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12
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Lara LF, Luthra A, Conwell DL, Krishna SG. Pancreatic Cysts in the Elderly. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN GASTROENTEROLOGY 2019; 17:457-469. [PMID: 31707690 DOI: 10.1007/s11938-019-00260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Incidental pancreatic cysts are common, and management strategies continue to evolve. This review summarizes diagnostic and management recommendations in older patients with these lesions based on guidelines and best clinical evidence. RECENT FINDINGS Diagnosis of cyst type has been enhanced with improved imaging and cyst fluid analysis and visualization. Recent outcome studies indicate that certain cyst types should be followed independent of patient age as long as certain criteria which are reviewed are met. Differentiation of pancreatic cyst type is important as this dictates the need for long-term follow-up. Because most cyst-related neoplasia occurs in older patients, surveillance should continue within certain guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Lara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Avenue, Room 226, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Anjuli Luthra
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Avenue, Room 226, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Darwin L Conwell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Avenue, Room 226, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Somashekar G Krishna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Avenue, Room 226, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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13
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Carmicheal J, Patel A, Dalal V, Atri P, Dhaliwal AS, Wittel UA, Malafa MP, Talmon G, Swanson BJ, Singh S, Jain M, Kaur S, Batra SK. Elevating pancreatic cystic lesion stratification: Current and future pancreatic cancer biomarker(s). Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1873:188318. [PMID: 31676330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.188318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an incredibly deadly disease with a 5-year survival rate of 9%. The presence of pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) confers an increased likelihood of future pancreatic cancer in patients placing them in a high-risk category. Discerning concurrent malignancy and risk of future PCL progression to cancer must be carefully and accurately determined to improve survival outcomes and avoid unnecessary morbidity of pancreatic resection. Unfortunately, current image-based guidelines are inadequate to distinguish benign from malignant lesions. There continues to be a need for accurate molecular and imaging biomarker(s) capable of identifying malignant PCLs and predicting the malignant potential of PCLs to enable risk stratification and effective intervention management. This review provides an update on the current status of biomarkers from pancreatic cystic fluid, pancreatic juice, and seromic molecular analyses and discusses the potential of radiomics for differentiating PCLs harboring cancer from those that do not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Carmicheal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Asish Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Vipin Dalal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pranita Atri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Amaninder S Dhaliwal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Uwe A Wittel
- Department of General- and Visceral Surgery, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mokenge P Malafa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Geoffrey Talmon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Benjamin J Swanson
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Shailender Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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14
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Skaro M, Nanda N, Gauthier C, Felsenstein M, Jiang Z, Qiu M, Shindo K, Yu J, Hutchings D, Javed AA, Beckman R, He J, Wolfgang CL, Thompson E, Hruban RH, Klein AP, Goggins M, Wood LD, Roberts NJ. Prevalence of Germline Mutations Associated With Cancer Risk in Patients With Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms. Gastroenterology 2019; 156:1905-1913. [PMID: 30716324 PMCID: PMC6475492 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.01.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Many patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma carry germline mutations associated with increased risk of cancer. It is not clear whether patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), which are precursors to some pancreatic cancers, also carry these mutations. We assessed the prevalence of germline mutations associated with cancer risk in patients with histologically confirmed IPMN. METHODS We obtained nontumor tissue samples from 315 patients with surgically resected IPMNs from 1997 through 2017, and we sequenced 94 genes with variants associated with cancer risk. Mutations associated with increased risk of cancer were identified and compared with individuals from the Exome Aggregation Consortium. RESULTS We identified 23 patients with a germline mutation associated with cancer risk (7.3%; 95% confidence interval, 4.9-10.8). Nine patients had a germline mutation associated with pancreatic cancer susceptibility (2.9%; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-5.4). More patients with IPMNs carried germline mutations in ATM (P < .0001), PTCH1 (P < .0001), and SUFU (P < .0001) compared with controls. Patients with IPMNs and germline mutations associated with pancreatic cancer were more like to have concurrent invasive pancreatic carcinoma compared with patients with IPMNs without these mutations (P < .0320). CONCLUSIONS In sequence analyses of 315 patients with surgically resected IPMNs, we found that almost 3% to carry mutations associated with pancreatic cancer risk. More patients with IPMNs and germline mutations associated with pancreatic cancer had concurrent invasive pancreatic carcinoma compared with patients with IPMNs without these mutations. Genetic analysis of patients with IPMNs might identify those at greatest risk for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Skaro
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Neha Nanda
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christian Gauthier
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthäus Felsenstein
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zhengdong Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Miaozhen Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Koji Shindo
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jun Yu
- The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Danielle Hutchings
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ammar A Javed
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ross Beckman
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jin He
- Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christopher L Wolfgang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Thompson
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ralph H Hruban
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alison P Klein
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Goggins
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura D Wood
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicholas J Roberts
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; The Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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15
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DiMaio CJ. Current Guideline Controversies in the Management of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2018; 28:529-547. [PMID: 30241642 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cystic lesions are a common clinical entity. The majority are neoplastic and have the potential for malignant transformation. To assist with patient management, a number of clinical guidelines have been developed over the past decade. However, controversies exist in regards to the various guidelines and treatment strategies they offer. This article will review the various clinical guidelines for management of pancreatic cysts, describe the limitations of these guidelines, and present future directions for improvement in clinical decision making for patients diagnosed with a pancreatic cystic neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J DiMaio
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1069, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Capurso
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome; Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vanella
- Digestive and Liver Disease Unit, S. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Giorgio Arcidiacono
- Pancreato-Biliary Endoscopy and Endosonography Division, Pancreas Translational and Clinical Research Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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