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Jiang Y, Renata H. Modular chemoenzymatic synthesis of ten fusicoccane diterpenoids. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01533-w. [PMID: 38710830 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01533-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Fusicoccane diterpenoids display intriguing biological activities, including the ability to act as modulators of 14-3-3 protein-protein interactions. However, their innate structural complexity and diverse oxygenation patterns present enormous synthetic challenges. Here we develop a modular chemoenzymatic approach that combines de novo skeletal construction and late-stage hybrid C-H oxidations to achieve the synthesis of ten complex fusicoccanes in 8-13 steps each. A convergent fragment coupling strategy allowed rapid access to a key tricyclic intermediate, which was subjected to chemical and enzymatic C-H oxidations to modularly prepare five oxidized family members. We also conceived a complementary biomimetic skeletal remodelling strategy to synthetically access five rearranged fusicoccanes with unusual bridgehead double bonds. This work may facilitate future investigation into the biological activities of the fusicoccanes and also inspire the implementation of similar hybrid strategies to provide family-level synthetic solutions to other natural product scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hans Renata
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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Champagne SE, Chiang CH, Gemmel PM, Brooks CL, Narayan ARH. Biocatalytic Stereoselective Oxidation of 2-Arylindoles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2728-2735. [PMID: 38237569 PMCID: PMC11214688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
3-Hydroxyindolenines can be used to access several structural motifs that are featured in natural products and pharmaceutical compounds, yet the chemical synthesis of 3-hydroxyindolenines is complicated by overoxidation, rearrangements, and complex product mixtures. The selectivity possible in enzymatic reactions can overcome these challenges and deliver enantioenriched products. Herein, we present the development of an asymmetric biocatalytic oxidation of 2-arylindole substrates aided by a curated library of flavin-dependent monooxygenases (FDMOs) sampled from an ancestral sequence space, a sequence similarity network, and a deep-learning-based latent space model. From this library of FDMOs, a previously uncharacterized enzyme, Champase, from the Valley fever fungus, Coccidioides immitis strain RS, was found to stereoselectively catalyze the oxidation of a variety of substituted indole substrates. The promiscuity of this enzyme is showcased by the oxidation of a wide variety of substituted 2-arylindoles to afford the respective 3-hydroxyindolenine products in moderate to excellent yields and up to 95:5 er.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Champagne
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Chang-Hwa Chiang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Philipp M. Gemmel
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Charles L. Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Enhanced Program in Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Alison R. H. Narayan
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Mao Y, Zhang W, Fu Z, Liu Y, Chen L, Lian X, Zhuo D, Wu J, Zheng M, Liao C. Versatile Biocatalytic C(sp 3 )-H Oxyfunctionalization for the Site- Selective and Stereodivergent Synthesis of α- and β-Hydroxy Acids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305250. [PMID: 37340543 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
C(sp3 )-H oxyfunctionalization, the insertion of an O-atom into C(sp3 )-H bonds, streamlines the synthesis of complex molecules from easily accessible precursors and represents one of the most challenging tasks in organic chemistry with regard to site and stereoselectivity. Biocatalytic C(sp3 )-H oxyfunctionalization has the potential to overcome limitations inherent to small-molecule-mediated approaches by delivering catalyst-controlled selectivity. Through enzyme repurposing and activity profiling of natural variants, we have developed a subfamily of α-ketoglutarate-dependent iron dioxygenases that catalyze the site- and stereodivergent oxyfunctionalization of secondary and tertiary C(sp3 )-H bonds, providing concise synthetic routes towards four types of 92 α- and β-hydroxy acids with high efficiency and selectivity. This method provides a biocatalytic approach for the production of valuable but synthetically challenging chiral hydroxy acid building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingle Mao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zunyun Fu
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiong Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 201203, Shanghai, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhuo
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 201203, Shanghai, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiewei Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 510006, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingyue Zheng
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Cangsong Liao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, 201203, Shanghai, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023, Nanjing, China
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