1
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Zheng Q, Zhang Z, Guiley KZ, Shokat KM. Strain-release alkylation of Asp12 enables mutant selective targeting of K-Ras-G12D. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01565-w. [PMID: 38443470 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01565-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
K-Ras is the most commonly mutated oncogene in human cancer. The recently approved non-small cell lung cancer drugs sotorasib and adagrasib covalently capture an acquired cysteine in K-Ras-G12C mutation and lock it in a signaling-incompetent state. However, covalent inhibition of G12D, the most frequent K-Ras mutation particularly prevalent in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, has remained elusive due to the lack of aspartate-targeting chemistry. Here we present a set of malolactone-based electrophiles that exploit ring strain to crosslink K-Ras-G12D at the mutant aspartate to form stable covalent complexes. Structural insights from X-ray crystallography and exploitation of the stereoelectronic requirements for attack of the electrophile allowed development of a substituted malolactone that resisted attack by aqueous buffer but rapidly crosslinked with the aspartate-12 of K-Ras in both GDP and GTP state. The GTP-state targeting allowed effective suppression of downstream signaling, and selective inhibition of K-Ras-G12D-driven cancer cell proliferation in vitro and xenograft growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinheng Zheng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Keelan Z Guiley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevan M Shokat
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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2
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Zehe M, Kehrein J, Schollmayer C, Plank C, Kovacs H, Merino Asumendi E, Holzgrabe U, Grimm C, Sotriffer C. Combined In-Solution Fragment Screening and Crystallographic Binding-Mode Analysis with a Two-Domain Hsp70 Construct. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:392-406. [PMID: 38317495 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) isoforms are key players in the regulation of protein homeostasis and cell death pathways and are therefore attractive targets in cancer research. Developing nucleotide-competitive inhibitors or allosteric modulators, however, has turned out to be very challenging for this protein family, and no Hsp70-directed therapeutics have so far become available. As the field could profit from alternative starting points for inhibitor development, we present the results of a fragment-based screening approach on a two-domain Hsp70 construct using in-solution NMR methods, together with X-ray-crystallographic investigations and mixed-solvent molecular dynamics simulations. The screening protocol resulted in hits on both domains. In particular, fragment binding in a deeply buried pocket at the substrate-binding domain could be detected. The corresponding site is known to be important for communication between the nucleotide-binding and substrate-binding domains of Hsp70 proteins. The main fragment identified at this position also offers an interesting starting point for the development of a dual Hsp70/Hsp90 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Zehe
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Josef Kehrein
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Curd Schollmayer
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christina Plank
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Therapy Research Center (CTRC), Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helena Kovacs
- Bruker Switzerland AG, Industriestrasse 26, CH-8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Eduardo Merino Asumendi
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Clemens Grimm
- University of Würzburg, Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Therapy Research Center (CTRC), Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Sotriffer
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, Am Hubland, DE-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Ambrose AJ, Zerio CJ, Sivinski J, Zhu X, Godek J, Sanchez JL, Khanna M, Khanna R, Lairson L, Zhang DD, Chapman E. Human Hsp70 Substrate-Binding Domains Recognize Distinct Client Proteins. Biochemistry 2024; 63:251-263. [PMID: 38243804 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The 13 Hsp70 proteins in humans act on unique sets of substrates with diversity often being attributed to J-domain-containing protein (Hsp40 or JDP) cofactors. We were therefore surprised to find drastically different binding affinities for Hsp70-peptide substrates, leading us to probe substrate specificity among the 8 canonical Hsp70s from humans. We used peptide arrays to characterize Hsp70 binding and then mined these data using machine learning to develop an algorithm for isoform-specific prediction of Hsp70 binding sequences. The results of this algorithm revealed recognition patterns not predicted based on local sequence alignments. We then showed that none of the human isoforms can complement heat-shocked DnaK knockout Escherichia coli cells. However, chimeric Hsp70s consisting of the human nucleotide-binding domain and the substrate-binding domain of DnaK complement during heat shock, providing further evidence in vivo of the divergent function of the Hsp70 substrate-binding domains. We also demonstrated that the differences in heat shock complementation among the chimeras are not due to loss of DnaJ binding. Although we do not exclude JDPs as additional specificity factors, our data demonstrate substrate specificity among the Hsp70s, which has important implications for inhibitor development in cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Christopher J Zerio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jack Godek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Jonathan L Sanchez
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona 85424, United States
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Luke Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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4
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Ghosh S, Vashisth K, Ghosh S, Han SS, Bhaskar R, Sinha JK. From sleep to cancer to neurodegenerative disease: the crucial role of Hsp70 in maintaining cellular homeostasis and potential therapeutic implications. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37643058 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2252509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental process essential for reparatory and restorative mechanisms in all organisms. Recent research has linked sleep to various pathological conditions, including cancer and neurodegeneration, which are associated with various molecular changes in different cellular environments. Despite the potential significance of various molecules, the HSPA1A or Hsp70 protein, which has possible connections with sleep and different neuropsychological and pathological disorders, has been explored the least. This paper explores the potential for manipulating and discovering drugs related to the Hsp70 protein to alleviate sleep problems and improve the prognosis for various other health issues. This paper discusses the critical role of Hsp70 in cancer, neurodegeneration, apoptosis, sleep, and its regulation at the structural level through allosteric mechanisms and different substrates. The significant impact of Hsp70's connection to various conditions suggests that existing sleep medicine could be used to improve such conditions, leading to improved outcomes, minimized research costs, and a new direction for current research. Overall, this paper highlights the potential of Hsp70 protein as a key therapeutic target for developing new drugs for the treatment of sleep disorders, cancer, neurodegeneration, and other related pathological conditions. Further research into the molecular mechanisms of Hsp70 regulation and its interactions with other cellular pathways is necessary to develop targeted treatments for these conditions.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, India
- ICMR - National Institute of Nutrition, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Soumya Ghosh
- GloNeuro, Sector 107, Vishwakarma Road, Noida, India
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeonsang, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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5
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Zhao K, Zhou G, Liu Y, Zhang J, Chen Y, Liu L, Zhang G. HSP70 Family in Cancer: Signaling Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances. Biomolecules 2023; 13:601. [PMID: 37189349 PMCID: PMC10136146 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s) are a group of highly conserved and inducible heat shock proteins. One of the main functions of HSP70s is to act as molecular chaperones that are involved in a large variety of cellular protein folding and remodeling processes. HSP70s are found to be over-expressed and may serve as prognostic markers in many types of cancers. HSP70s are also involved in most of the molecular processes of cancer hallmarks as well as the growth and survival of cancer cells. In fact, many effects of HSP70s on cancer cells are not only related to their chaperone activities but rather to their roles in regulating cancer cell signaling. Therefore, a number of drugs directly or indirectly targeting HSP70s, and their co-chaperones have been developed aiming to treat cancer. In this review, we summarized HSP70-related cancer signaling pathways and corresponding key proteins regulated by the family of HSP70s. In addition, we also summarized various treatment approaches and progress of anti-tumor therapy based on targeting HSP70 family proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejia Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guanyu Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaohui Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Gao Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong 999077, China
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6
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Pan H, Song T, Wang Z, Guo Y, Zhang H, Ji T, Cao K, Zhang Z. Ectopic BH3-only protein Bim acts as a co-chaperone to positively regulate Hsp70 in yeast. J Biochem 2021; 170:539-545. [PMID: 34185080 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is conserved from bacteria to humans and is crucial for avoiding protein misfolding under stress. Bim functions mainly as one of the Bcl-2 family pro-apoptotic members, was identified to be a co-chaperone of Hsp70. Herein, we reported that ectopic Bim could constitute the interactions with intrinsic Hsp70 and translate its positive co-chaperone activity in vitro to the yeast growth promotion and help Hsp70 to fold its client Ras-like protein. With the help of a specific Hsp70/Bim disruptor, we illustrated that Hsp70/Bim dimers rescue yeast from heat shock. In an organism lacks apoptotic Bcl-2 factors, the pro-apoptotic Bim in mammalian cells exhibits pro-survival functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ting Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Ziqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yafei Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Tong Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Keke Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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7
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Chatzigoulas A, Cournia Z. Rational design of allosteric modulators: Challenges and successes. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexios Chatzigoulas
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens Athens Greece
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Zoe Cournia
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens Athens Greece
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8
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Mayer MP. The Hsp70-Chaperone Machines in Bacteria. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:694012. [PMID: 34164436 PMCID: PMC8215388 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.694012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-dependent Hsp70s are evolutionary conserved molecular chaperones that constitute central hubs of the cellular protein quality surveillance network. None of the other main chaperone families (Tig, GroELS, HtpG, IbpA/B, ClpB) have been assigned with a comparable range of functions. Through a multitude of functions Hsp70s are involved in many cellular control circuits for maintaining protein homeostasis and have been recognized as key factors for cell survival. Three mechanistic properties of Hsp70s are the basis for their high versatility. First, Hsp70s bind to short degenerate sequence motifs within their client proteins. Second, Hsp70 chaperones switch in a nucleotide-controlled manner between a state of low affinity for client proteins and a state of high affinity for clients. Third, Hsp70s are targeted to their clients by a large number of cochaperones of the J-domain protein (JDP) family and the lifetime of the Hsp70-client complex is regulated by nucleotide exchange factors (NEF). In this review I will discuss advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the Hsp70 chaperone machinery focusing mostly on the bacterial Hsp70 DnaK and will compare the two other prokaryotic Hsp70s HscA and HscC with DnaK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH-Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Karunanayake C, Page RC. Cytosolic protein quality control machinery: Interactions of Hsp70 with a network of co-chaperones and substrates. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1419-1434. [PMID: 33730888 PMCID: PMC8243209 DOI: 10.1177/1535370221999812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) and its network of co-chaperones serve as a central hub of cellular protein quality control mechanisms. Domain organization in Hsp70 dictates ATPase activity, ATP dependent allosteric regulation, client/substrate binding and release, and interactions with co-chaperones. The protein quality control activities of Hsp70 are classified as foldase, holdase, and disaggregase activities. Co-chaperones directly assisting protein refolding included J domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors. However, co-chaperones can also be grouped and explored based on which domain of Hsp70 they interact. Here we discuss how the network of cytosolic co-chaperones for Hsp70 contributes to the functions of Hsp70 while closely looking at their structural features. Comparison of domain organization and the structures of co-chaperones enables greater understanding of the interactions, mechanisms of action, and roles played in protein quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard C Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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10
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Ambrose AJ, Chapman E. Function, Therapeutic Potential, and Inhibition of Hsp70 Chaperones. J Med Chem 2021; 64:7060-7082. [PMID: 34009983 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hsp70s are among the most highly conserved proteins in all of biology. Through an iterative binding and release of exposed hydrophobic residues on client proteins, Hsp70s can prevent aggregation and promote folding to the native state of their client proteins. The human proteome contains eight canonical Hsp70s. Because Hsp70s are relatively promiscuous they play a role in folding a large proportion of the proteome. Hsp70s are implicated in disease through their ability to regulate protein homeostasis. In recent years, researchers have attempted to develop selective inhibitors of Hsp70 isoforms to better understand the role of individual isoforms in biology and as potential therapeutics. Selective inhibitors have come from rational design, forced localization, and serendipity, but the development of completely selective inhibitors remains elusive. In the present review, we discuss the Hsp70 structure and function, the known Hsp70 client proteins, the role of Hsp70s in disease, and current efforts to discover Hsp70 modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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11
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Samanta S, Yang S, Debnath B, Xue D, Kuang Y, Ramkumar K, Lee AS, Ljungman M, Neamati N. The Hydroxyquinoline Analogue YUM70 Inhibits GRP78 to Induce ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1883-1895. [PMID: 33531374 PMCID: PMC8137563 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa) is a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling. Cancer cells are highly proliferative and have high demand for protein synthesis and folding, which results in significant stress on the ER. To respond to ER stress and maintain cellular homeostasis, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) that promotes either survival or apoptotic death. Cancer cells utilize the UPR to promote survival and growth. In this study, we describe the discovery of a series of novel hydroxyquinoline GRP78 inhibitors. A representative analogue, YUM70, inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and showed in vivo efficacy in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model with no toxicity to normal tissues. YUM70 directly bound GRP78 and inactivated its function, resulting in ER stress-mediated apoptosis. A YUM70 analogue conjugated with BODIPY showed colocalization of the compound with GRP78 in the ER. Moreover, a YUM70-PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera) was synthesized to force degradation of GRP78 in pancreatic cancer cells. YUM70 showed a strong synergistic cytotoxicity with topotecan and vorinostat. Together, our study demonstrates that YUM70 is a novel inducer of ER stress, with preclinical efficacy as a monotherapy or in combination with topoisomerase and HDAC inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies a novel ER stress inducer that binds GRP78 and inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Samanta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suhui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bikash Debnath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ding Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yuting Kuang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kavya Ramkumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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12
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Yang J, Gong W, Wu S, Zhang H, Perrett S. PES inhibits human-inducible Hsp70 by covalent targeting of cysteine residues in the substrate-binding domain. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100210. [PMID: 33835030 PMCID: PMC7948744 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70 proteins are a family of ancient and conserved chaperones. They play important roles in vital cellular processes, such as protein quality control and the stress response. Hsp70 proteins are a potential drug target for treatment of disease, particularly cancer. PES (2-phenylethynesulfonamide or pifithrin-μ) has been reported to be an inhibitor of Hsp70. However, the mechanism of PES inhibition is still unclear. In this study we found that PES can undergo a Michael addition reaction with Cys-574 and Cys-603 in the SBDα of human HspA1A (hHsp70), resulting in covalent attachment of a PES molecule to each Cys residue. We previously showed that glutathionylation of Cys-574 and Cys-603 affects the structure and function of hHsp70. In this study, PES modification showed similar structural and functional effects on hHsp70 to glutathionylation. Further, we found that susceptibility to PES modification is influenced by changes in the conformational dynamics of the SBDα, such as are induced by interaction with adjacent domains, allosteric changes, and mutations. This study provides new avenues for development of covalent inhibitors of hHsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weibin Gong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Sarah Perrett
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Wang L, Xu X, Jiang Z, You Q. Modulation of protein fate decision by small molecules: targeting molecular chaperone machinery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1904-1925. [PMID: 33163343 PMCID: PMC7606112 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of protein fate decision and protein homeostasis plays a significant role in altering the protein level, which acts as an orientation to develop drugs with new mechanisms. The molecular chaperones exert significant biological functions on modulation of protein fate decision and protein homeostasis under constantly changing environmental conditions through extensive protein–protein interactions (PPIs) with their client proteins. With the help of molecular chaperone machinery, the processes of protein folding, trafficking, quality control and degradation of client proteins could be arranged properly. The core members of molecular chaperones, including heat shock proteins (HSPs) family and their co-chaperones, are emerging as potential drug targets since they are involved in numerous disease conditions. Development of small molecule modulators targeting not only chaperones themselves but also the PPIs among chaperones, co-chaperones and clients is attracting more and more attention. These modulators are widely used as chemical tools to study chaperone networks as well as potential drug candidates for a broader set of diseases. Here, we reviewed the key checkpoints of molecular chaperone machinery HSPs as well as their co-chaperones to discuss the small molecules targeting on them for modulation of protein fate decision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 83271351.
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiang Su Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 25 83271351.
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14
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Aljoundi A, El Rashedy A, Appiah-Kubi P, Soliman MES. Coupling of HSP72 α-Helix Subdomains by the Unexpected Irreversible Targeting of Lysine-56 over Cysteine-17; Coevolution of Covalent Bonding. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184239. [PMID: 32947765 PMCID: PMC7570744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Covalent inhibition has recently gained a resurgence of interest in several drug discovery areas. The expansion of this approach is based on evidence elucidating the selectivity and potency of covalent inhibitors when bound to particular amino acids of a biological target. The unexpected covalent inhibition of heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) by covalently targeting Lys-56 instead of Cys-17 was an interesting observation. However, the structural basis and conformational changes associated with this preferential coupling to Lys-56 over Cys-17 remain unclear. To resolve this mystery, we employed structural and dynamic analyses to investigate the structural basis and conformational dynamics associated with the unexpected covalent inhibition. Our analyses reveal that the coupling of the irreversible inhibitor to Lys-56 is intrinsically less dynamic than Cys-17. Conformational dynamics analyses further reveal that the coupling of the inhibitor to Lys-56 induced a closed conformation of the nucleotide-binding subdomain (NBD) α-helices, in contrast, an open conformation was observed in the case of Cys-17. The closed conformation maintained the crucial salt-bridge between Glu-268 and Lys-56 residues, which strengthens the interaction affinity of the inhibitor nearly identical to adenosine triphosphate (ADP/Pi) bound to the HSP72-NBD. The outcome of this report provides a substantial shift in the conventional direction for the design of more potent covalent inhibitors.
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15
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Fu Y, Estoppey D, Roggo S, Pistorius D, Fuchs F, Studer C, Ibrahim AS, Aust T, Grandjean F, Mihalic M, Memmert K, Prindle V, Richard E, Riedl R, Schuierer S, Weber E, Hunziker J, Petersen F, Tao J, Hoepfner D. Jawsamycin exhibits in vivo antifungal properties by inhibiting Spt14/Gpi3-mediated biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3387. [PMID: 32636417 PMCID: PMC7341893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosynthesis of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is required for anchoring proteins to the plasma membrane, and is essential for the integrity of the fungal cell wall. Here, we use a reporter gene-based screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the discovery of antifungal inhibitors of GPI-anchoring of proteins, and identify the oligocyclopropyl-containing natural product jawsamycin (FR-900848) as a potent hit. The compound targets the catalytic subunit Spt14 (also referred to as Gpi3) of the fungal UDP-glycosyltransferase, the first step in GPI biosynthesis, with good selectivity over the human functional homolog PIG-A. Jawsamycin displays antifungal activity in vitro against several pathogenic fungi including Mucorales, and in vivo in a mouse model of invasive pulmonary mucormycosis due to Rhyzopus delemar infection. Our results provide a starting point for the development of Spt14 inhibitors for treatment of invasive fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Fu
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - David Estoppey
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Roggo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Pistorius
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Fuchs
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Studer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ashraf S Ibrahim
- The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations at Harbor-University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas Aust
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frederic Grandjean
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Mihalic
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Memmert
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vivian Prindle
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Etienne Richard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralph Riedl
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Schuierer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Weber
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürg Hunziker
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Frank Petersen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jianshi Tao
- Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation, 10675 John Jay Hopkins Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Dominic Hoepfner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Forum 1 Novartis Campus, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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16
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Yang J, Zhang H, Gong W, Liu Z, Wu H, Hu W, Chen X, Wang L, Wu S, Chen C, Perrett S. S-Glutathionylation of human inducible Hsp70 reveals a regulatory mechanism involving the C-terminal α-helical lid. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:8302-8324. [PMID: 32332101 PMCID: PMC7294093 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.012372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) proteins are a family of ancient and conserved chaperones. Cysteine modifications have been widely detected among different Hsp70 family members in vivo, but their effects on Hsp70 structure and function are unclear. Here, we treated HeLa cells with diamide, which typically induces disulfide bond formation except in the presence of excess GSH, when glutathionylated cysteines predominate. We show that in these cells, HspA1A (hHsp70) undergoes reversible cysteine modifications, including glutathionylation, potentially at all five cysteine residues. In vitro experiments revealed that modification of cysteines in the nucleotide-binding domain of hHsp70 is prevented by nucleotide binding but that Cys-574 and Cys-603, located in the C-terminal α-helical lid of the substrate-binding domain, can undergo glutathionylation in both the presence and absence of nucleotide. We found that glutathionylation of these cysteine residues results in unfolding of the α-helical lid structure. The unfolded region mimics substrate by binding to and blocking the substrate-binding site, thereby promoting intrinsic ATPase activity and competing with binding of external substrates, including heat shock transcription factor 1 (Hsf1). Thus, post-translational modification can alter the structure and regulate the function of hHsp70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Weibin Gong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyan Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Wanhui Hu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Si Wu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Chen
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Youanmen, Beijing, China
| | - Sarah Perrett
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
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17
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Baaklini I, Gonçalves CDC, Lukacs GL, Young JC. Selective Binding of HSC70 and its Co-Chaperones to Structural Hotspots on CFTR. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4176. [PMID: 32144307 PMCID: PMC7060200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel cause cystic fibrosis. Chaperones, including HSC70, DNAJA1 and DNAJA2, play key roles in both the folding and degradation of wild-type and mutant CFTR at multiple cellular locations. DNAJA1 and HSC70 promote the folding of newly synthesized CFTR at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but are required for the rapid turnover of misfolded channel at the plasma membrane (PM). DNAJA2 and HSC70 are also involved in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded CFTR, while they assist the refolding of destabilized channel at the PM. These outcomes may depend on the binding of chaperones to specific sites within CFTR, which would be exposed in non-native states. A CFTR peptide library was used to identify binding sites for HSC70, DNAJA1 and DNAJA2, validated by competition and functional assays. Each chaperone had a distinct binding pattern, and sites were distributed between the surfaces of the CFTR cytosolic domains, and domain interfaces known to be important for channel assembly. The accessibility of sites to chaperones will depend on the degree of CFTR folding or unfolding. Different folded states may be recognized by unique combinations of HSC70, DNAJA1 and DNAJA2, leading to divergent biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imad Baaklini
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | | | - Gergely L Lukacs
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada.,McGill University, Department of Physiology, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jason C Young
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Montreal, H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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18
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Rosenzweig R, Nillegoda NB, Mayer MP, Bukau B. The Hsp70 chaperone network. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2020; 20:665-680. [PMID: 31253954 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-019-0133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 628] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The 70-kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp70s) are ubiquitous molecular chaperones that act in a large variety of cellular protein folding and remodelling processes. They function virtually at all stages of the life of proteins from synthesis to degradation and are thus crucial for maintaining protein homeostasis, with direct implications for human health. A large set of co-chaperones comprising J-domain proteins and nucleotide exchange factors regulate the ATPase cycle of Hsp70s, which is allosterically coupled to substrate binding and release. Moreover, Hsp70s cooperate with other cellular chaperone systems including Hsp90, Hsp60 chaperonins, small heat shock proteins and Hsp100 AAA+ disaggregases, together constituting a dynamic and functionally versatile network for protein folding, unfolding, regulation, targeting, aggregation and disaggregation, as well as degradation. In this Review we describe recent advances that have increased our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and working principles of the Hsp70 network. This knowledge showcases how the Hsp70 chaperone system controls diverse cellular functions, and offers new opportunities for the development of chemical compounds that modulate disease-related Hsp70 activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Rosenzweig
- Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Nadinath B Nillegoda
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.,Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias P Mayer
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany.,DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Bukau
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany. .,DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany.
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19
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Albakova Z, Armeev GA, Kanevskiy LM, Kovalenko EI, Sapozhnikov AM. HSP70 Multi-Functionality in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030587. [PMID: 32121660 PMCID: PMC7140411 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s) are abundantly present in cancer, providing malignant cells selective advantage by suppressing multiple apoptotic pathways, regulating necrosis, bypassing cellular senescence program, interfering with tumor immunity, promoting angiogenesis and supporting metastasis. This direct involvement of HSP70 in most of the cancer hallmarks explains the phenomenon of cancer "addiction" to HSP70, tightly linking tumor survival and growth to the HSP70 expression. HSP70 operates in different states through its catalytic cycle, suggesting that it can multi-function in malignant cells in any of these states. Clinically, tumor cells intensively release HSP70 in extracellular microenvironment, resulting in diverse outcomes for patient survival. Given its clinical significance, small molecule inhibitors were developed to target different sites of the HSP70 machinery. Furthermore, several HSP70-based immunotherapy approaches were assessed in clinical trials. This review will explore different roles of HSP70 on cancer progression and emphasize the importance of understanding the flexibility of HSP70 nature for future development of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Albakova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Grigoriy A. Armeev
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Leonid M. Kanevskiy
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
| | - Elena I. Kovalenko
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
| | - Alexander M. Sapozhnikov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
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20
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Kögler M, Itkonen J, Viitala T, Casteleijn MG. Assessment of recombinant protein production in E. coli with Time-Gated Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (TG-SERS). Sci Rep 2020; 10:2472. [PMID: 32051493 PMCID: PMC7015922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-Gated Surface-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TG-SERS) was utilized to assess recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. TG-SERS suppressed the fluorescence signal from the biomolecules in the bacteria and the culture media. Characteristic protein signatures at different time points of the cell cultivation were observed and compared to conventional continuous wave (CW)-Raman with SERS. TG-SERS can distinguish discrete features of proteins such as the secondary structures and is therefore indicative of folding or unfolding of the protein. A novel method utilizing nanofibrillar cellulose as a stabilizing agent for nanoparticles and bacterial cells was used for the first time in order to boost the Raman signal, while simultaneously suppressing background signals. We evaluated the expression of hCNTF, hHspA1, and hHsp27 in complex media using the batch fermentation mode. HCNTF was also cultivated using EnBase in a fed-batch like mode. HspA1 expressed poorly due to aggregation problems within the cell, while hCNTF expressed in batch mode was correctly folded and protein instabilities were identified in the EnBase cultivation. Time-gated Raman spectroscopy showed to be a powerful tool to evaluate protein production and correct folding within living E. coli cells during the cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kögler
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Itkonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marco G Casteleijn
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.
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21
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Taylor IR, Assimon VA, Kuo SY, Rinaldi S, Li X, Young ZT, Morra G, Green K, Nguyen D, Shao H, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Colombo G, Gestwicki JE. Tryptophan scanning mutagenesis as a way to mimic the compound-bound state and probe the selectivity of allosteric inhibitors in cells. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1892-1904. [PMID: 34123282 PMCID: PMC8148087 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the selectivity of a small molecule for its target(s) in cells is an important goal in chemical biology and drug discovery. One powerful way to address this question is with dominant negative (DN) mutants, in which an active site residue in the putative target is mutated. While powerful, this approach is less straightforward for allosteric sites. Here, we introduce tryptophan scanning mutagenesis as an expansion of this idea. As a test case, we focused on the challenging drug target, heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70), and its allosteric inhibitor JG-98. Structure-based modelling predicted that mutating Y149W in human Hsc70 or Y145W in the bacterial ortholog DnaK would place an indole side chain into the allosteric pocket normally occupied by the compound. Indeed, we found that the tryptophan mutants acted as if they were engaged with JG-98. We then used DnaK Y145W to suggest that this protein may be an anti-bacterial target. Indeed, we found that DnaK inhibitors have minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values <0.125 μg mL-1 against several pathogens, including multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. We propose that tryptophan scanning mutagenesis may provide a distinct way to address the important problem of target engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle R Taylor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Victoria A Assimon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Szu Yu Kuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Silvia Rinaldi
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Zapporah T Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Giulia Morra
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
| | - Keith Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40536-0596 USA
| | - Daniel Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | - Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
| | | | - Giorgio Colombo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR Via Mario Bianco 9 20131 Milano Italy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia V.le Taramelli 12 27100 Pavia Italy
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California at San Francisco 675 Nelson Rising Lane San Francisco CA 94158 USA
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22
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Targeting the interaction of AIMP2-DX2 with HSP70 suppresses cancer development. Nat Chem Biol 2019; 16:31-41. [PMID: 31792442 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A tumorigenic factor, AIMP2 lacking exon 2 (AIMP2-DX2), is often upregulated in many cancers. However, how its cellular level is determined is not understood. Here, we report heat-shock protein HSP70 as a critical determinant for the level of AIMP2-DX2. Interaction of the two factors was identified by interactome analysis and structurally determined by X-ray crystallography and NMR analyses. HSP70 recognizes the amino (N)-terminal flexible region, as well as the glutathione S-transferase domain of AIMP2-DX2, via its substrate-binding domain, thus blocking the Siah1-dependent ubiquitination of AIMP2-DX2. AIMP2-DX2-induced cell transformation and cancer progression in vivo was further augmented by HSP70. A positive correlation between HSP70 and AIMP2-DX2 levels was shown in various lung cancer cell lines and patient tissues. Chemical intervention in the AIMP2-DX2-HSP70 interaction suppressed cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this work demonstrates the importance of the interaction between AIMP2-DX2 and HSP70 on tumor progression and its therapeutic potential against cancer.
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23
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Vandova V, Vankova P, Durech M, Houser J, Kavan D, Man P, Muller P, Trcka F. HSPA1A conformational mutants reveal a conserved structural unit in Hsp70 proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129458. [PMID: 31676290 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hsp70 proteins maintain proteome integrity through the capacity of their nucleotide- and substrate-binding domains (NBD and SBD) to allosterically regulate substrate affinity in a nucleotide-dependent manner. Crystallographic studies showed that Hsp70 allostery relies on formation of contacts between ATP-bound NBD and an interdomain linker, accompanied by SBD subdomains docking onto distinct sites of the NBD leading to substrate release. However, the mechanics of ATP-induced SBD subdomains detachment is largely unknown. METHODS Here, we investigated the structural and allosteric properties of human HSPA1A using hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, ATPase assays, surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence polarization-based substrate binding assays. RESULTS Analysis of HSPA1A proteins bearing mutations at the interface of SBD subdomains close to the interdomain linker (amino acids L399, L510, I515, and D529) revealed that this region forms a folding unit stabilizing the structure of both SBD subdomains in the nucleotide-free state. The introduced mutations modulate HSPA1A allostery as they localize to the NBD-SBD interfaces in the ATP-bound protein. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that residues forming the hydrophobic structural unit stabilizing the SBD structure are relocated during ATP-activated detachment of the SBD subdomains to different NBD-SBD docking interfaces enabling HSPA1A allostery. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Mutation-induced perturbations tuned HSPA1A sensitivity to peptide/protein substrates and to Hsp40 in a way that is common for other Hsp70 proteins. Our results provide an insight into structural rearrangements in the SBD of Hsp70 proteins and highlight HSPA1A-specific allostery features, which is a prerequisite for selective targeting in Hsp-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Vandova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Vankova
- BioCeV - Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Durech
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Houser
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kavan
- BioCeV - Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Man
- BioCeV - Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Muller
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Filip Trcka
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic.
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24
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Amusengeri A, Tastan Bishop Ö. Discorhabdin N, a South African Natural Compound, for Hsp72 and Hsc70 Allosteric Modulation: Combined Study of Molecular Modeling and Dynamic Residue Network Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:E188. [PMID: 30621342 PMCID: PMC6337312 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The human heat shock proteins (Hsps), predominantly Hsp72 and Hsp90, have been strongly implicated in various critical stages of oncogenesis and progression of human cancers. While drug development has extensively focused on Hsp90 as a potential anticancer target, much less effort has been put against Hsp72. This work investigated the therapeutic potential of Hsp72 and its constitutive isoform, Hsc70, via in silico-based screening against the South African Natural Compounds Database (SANCDB). A comparative modeling approach was used to obtain nearly full-length 3D structures of the closed conformation of Hsp72 and Hsc70 proteins. Molecular docking of SANCDB compounds identified one potential allosteric modulator, Discorhabdin N, binding to the allosteric β substrate binding domain (SBDβ) back pocket, with good binding affinities in both cases. This allosteric region was identified in one of our previous studies. Subsequent all-atom molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations exhibited promising protein⁻ligand association characteristics, indicative of strong binding qualities. Further, we utilised dynamic residue network analysis (DRN) to highlight protein regions actively involved in cross-domain communication. Most residues identified agreed with known allosteric signal regulators from literature, and were further investigated for the purpose of deducing meaningful insights into the allosteric modulation properties of Discorhabdin N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold Amusengeri
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Özlem Tastan Bishop
- Research Unit in Bioinformatics (RUBi), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
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25
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Gestwicki JE, Shao H. Inhibitors and chemical probes for molecular chaperone networks. J Biol Chem 2018; 294:2151-2161. [PMID: 30213856 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm118.002813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular chaperones are central mediators of protein homeostasis. In that role, they engage in widespread protein-protein interactions (PPIs) with each other and with their "client" proteins. Together, these PPIs form the backbone of a network that ensures proper vigilance over the processes of protein folding, trafficking, quality control, and degradation. The core chaperones, such as the heat shock proteins Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsp90, are widely expressed in most tissues, yet there is growing evidence that the PPIs among them may be re-wired in disease conditions. This possibility suggests that these PPIs, and perhaps not the individual chaperones themselves, could be compelling drug targets. Indeed, recent efforts have yielded small molecules that inhibit (or promote) a subset of inter-chaperone PPIs. These chemical probes are being used to study chaperone networks in a range of models, and the successes with these approaches have inspired a community-wide objective to produce inhibitors for a broader set of targets. In this Review, we discuss progress toward that goal and point out some of the challenges ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Gestwicki
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Hao Shao
- From the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and the Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158
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26
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Ferraro M, D’Annessa I, Moroni E, Morra G, Paladino A, Rinaldi S, Compostella F, Colombo G. Allosteric Modulators of HSP90 and HSP70: Dynamics Meets Function through Structure-Based Drug Design. J Med Chem 2018; 62:60-87. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Ferraro
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilda D’Annessa
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Morra
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonella Paladino
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Rinaldi
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Compostella
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Saldini, 50, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Colombo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, Via Mario Bianco 9, 20131 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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27
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Shao H, Li X, Moses MA, Gilbert LA, Kalyanaraman C, Young ZT, Chernova M, Journey SN, Weissman JS, Hann B, Jacobson MP, Neckers L, Gestwicki JE. Exploration of Benzothiazole Rhodacyanines as Allosteric Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions with Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70). J Med Chem 2018; 61:6163-6177. [PMID: 29953808 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells rely on the chaperone heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) for survival and proliferation. Recently, benzothiazole rhodacyanines have been shown to bind an allosteric site on Hsp70, interrupting its binding to nucleotide-exchange factors (NEFs) and promoting cell death in breast cancer cell lines. However, proof-of-concept molecules, such as JG-98, have relatively modest potency (EC50 ≈ 0.7-0.4 μM) and are rapidly metabolized in animals. Here, we explored this chemical series through structure- and property-based design of ∼300 analogs, showing that the most potent had >10-fold improved EC50 values (∼0.05 to 0.03 μM) against two breast cancer cells. Biomarkers and whole genome CRISPRi screens confirmed members of the Hsp70 family as cellular targets. On the basis of these results, JG-231 was found to reduce tumor burden in an MDA-MB-231 xenograft model (4 mg/kg, ip). Together, these studies support the hypothesis that Hsp70 may be a promising target for anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California at San Francisco , Sandler Center, 675 Nelson Rising Lane , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California at San Francisco , Sandler Center, 675 Nelson Rising Lane , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Michael A Moses
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Luke A Gilbert
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California at San Francisco , Sandler Center, 675 Nelson Rising Lane , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Zapporah T Young
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California at San Francisco , Sandler Center, 675 Nelson Rising Lane , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Margarita Chernova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California at San Francisco , Sandler Center, 675 Nelson Rising Lane , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Sara N Journey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California at San Francisco , Sandler Center, 675 Nelson Rising Lane , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Byron Hann
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre and Preclinical Therapeutics Core , University of California at San Francisco , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California at San Francisco , Sandler Center, 675 Nelson Rising Lane , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
| | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute , Bethesda , Maryland 20892 , United States
| | - Jason E Gestwicki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of California at San Francisco , Sandler Center, 675 Nelson Rising Lane , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
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28
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Substrate Binding Switches the Conformation at the Lynchpin Site in the Substrate-Binding Domain of Human Hsp70 to Enable Allosteric Interdomain Communication. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030528. [PMID: 29495458 PMCID: PMC6017645 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress-induced 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) functions as a molecular chaperone to maintain protein homeostasis. Hsp70 contains an N-terminal ATPase domain (NBD) and a C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD). The SBD is divided into the β subdomain containing the substrate-binding site (βSBD) and the α-helical subdomain (αLid) that covers the βSBD. In this report, the solution structures of two different forms of the SBD from human Hsp70 were solved. One structure shows the αLid bound to the substrate-binding site intramolecularly, whereas this intramolecular binding mode is absent in the other structure solved. Structural comparison of the two SBDs from Hsp70 revealed that client-peptide binding rearranges residues at the interdomain contact site, which impairs interdomain contact between the SBD and the NBD. Peptide binding also disrupted the inter-subdomain interaction connecting the αLid to the βSBD, which allows the binding of the αLid to the NBD. The results provide a mechanism for interdomain communication upon substrate binding from the SBD to the NBD via the lynchpin site in the βSBD of human Hsp70. In comparison to the bacterial ortholog, DnaK, some remarkable differences in the allosteric signal propagation among residues within the Hsp70 SBD exist.
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29
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Pettinger J, Le Bihan Y, Widya M, van Montfort RLM, Jones K, Cheeseman MD. An Irreversible Inhibitor of HSP72 that Unexpectedly Targets Lysine-56. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:3536-3540. [PMID: 28225177 PMCID: PMC5412842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The stress-inducible molecular chaperone, HSP72, is an important therapeutic target in oncology, but inhibiting this protein with small molecules has proven particularly challenging. Validating HSP72 inhibitors in cells is difficult owing to competition with the high affinity and abundance of its endogenous nucleotide substrates. We hypothesized this could be overcome using a cysteine-targeted irreversible inhibitor. Using rational design, we adapted a validated 8-N-benzyladenosine ligand for covalent bond formation and confirmed targeted irreversible inhibition. However, no cysteine in the protein was modified; instead, we demonstrate that lysine-56 is the key nucleophilic residue. Targeting this lysine could lead to a new design paradigm for HSP72 chemical probes and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pettinger
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonSW7 3RPUK
| | - Yann‐Vaï Le Bihan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonSW7 3RPUK
- Division of Structural BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonSW7 3RPUK
| | - Marcella Widya
- Proteomics Core FacilityThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonSW7 3RPUK
| | - Rob L. M. van Montfort
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonSW7 3RPUK
- Division of Structural BiologyThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonSW7 3RPUK
| | - Keith Jones
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonSW7 3RPUK
| | - Matthew D. Cheeseman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics UnitThe Institute of Cancer ResearchLondonSW7 3RPUK
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30
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Pettinger J, Le Bihan Y, Widya M, van Montfort RLM, Jones K, Cheeseman MD. An Irreversible Inhibitor of HSP72 that Unexpectedly Targets Lysine‐56. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Pettinger
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit The Institute of Cancer Research London SW7 3RP UK
| | - Yann‐Vaï Le Bihan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit The Institute of Cancer Research London SW7 3RP UK
- Division of Structural Biology The Institute of Cancer Research London SW7 3RP UK
| | - Marcella Widya
- Proteomics Core Facility The Institute of Cancer Research London SW7 3RP UK
| | - Rob L. M. van Montfort
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit The Institute of Cancer Research London SW7 3RP UK
- Division of Structural Biology The Institute of Cancer Research London SW7 3RP UK
| | - Keith Jones
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit The Institute of Cancer Research London SW7 3RP UK
| | - Matthew D. Cheeseman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit The Institute of Cancer Research London SW7 3RP UK
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31
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Lu S, Zhang J. Designed covalent allosteric modulators: an emerging paradigm in drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:447-453. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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32
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Thomas FM, Goode KM, Rajwa B, Bieberich AA, Avramova LV, Hazbun TR, Davisson VJ. A Chemogenomic Screening Platform Used to Identify Chemotypes Perturbing HSP90 Pathways. SLAS DISCOVERY 2017; 22:706-719. [PMID: 28346089 DOI: 10.1177/2472555216687525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Compounds that modulate the heat shock protein (HSP) network have potential in a broad range of research applications and diseases. A yeast-based liquid culture assay that measured time-dependent turbidity enabled the high-throughput screening of different Saccharomyces cerevisae strains to identify HSP modulators with unique molecular mechanisms. A focused set of four strains, with differing sensitivities to Hsp90 inhibitors, was used to screen a compound library of 3680 compounds. Computed turbidity curve functions were used to classify strain responses and sensitivity to chemical effects across the compound library. Filtering based on single-strain selectivity identified nine compounds as potential heat shock modulators, including the known Hsp90 inhibitor macbecin. Haploid yeast deletion strains (360), mined from previous Hsp90 inhibitor yeast screens and heat shock protein interaction data, were screened for differential sensitivities to known N-terminal ATP site-directed Hsp90 inhibitors to reveal functional distinctions. Strains demonstrating differential sensitivity (13) to Hsp90 inhibitors were used to prioritize primary screen hit compounds, with NSC145366 emerging as the lead hit. Our follow-up biochemical and functional studies show that NSC145366 directly interacts and inhibits the C-terminus of Hsp90, validating the platform as a powerful approach for early-stage identification of bioactive modulators of heat shock-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Thomas
- 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kourtney M Goode
- 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bartek Rajwa
- 2 Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Andrew A Bieberich
- 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Larisa V Avramova
- 2 Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue Discovery Park, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Tony R Hazbun
- 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,3 Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - V Jo Davisson
- 1 Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,3 Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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33
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Jones AM, Westwood IM, Osborne JD, Matthews TP, Cheeseman MD, Rowlands MG, Jeganathan F, Burke R, Lee D, Kadi N, Liu M, Richards M, McAndrew C, Yahya N, Dobson SE, Jones K, Workman P, Collins I, van Montfort RLM. A fragment-based approach applied to a highly flexible target: Insights and challenges towards the inhibition of HSP70 isoforms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34701. [PMID: 27708405 PMCID: PMC5052559 DOI: 10.1038/srep34701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein 70s (HSP70s) are molecular chaperones implicated in many cancers and of significant interest as targets for novel cancer therapies. Several HSP70 inhibitors have been reported, but because the majority have poor physicochemical properties and for many the exact mode of action is poorly understood, more detailed mechanistic and structural insight into ligand-binding to HSP70s is urgently needed. Here we describe the first comprehensive fragment-based inhibitor exploration of an HSP70 enzyme, which yielded an amino-quinazoline fragment that was elaborated to a novel ATP binding site ligand with different physicochemical properties to known adenosine-based HSP70 inhibitors. Crystal structures of amino-quinazoline ligands bound to the different conformational states of the HSP70 nucleotide binding domain highlighted the challenges of a fragment-based approach when applied to this particular flexible enzyme class with an ATP-binding site that changes shape and size during its catalytic cycle. In these studies we showed that Ser275 is a key residue in the selective binding of ATP. Additionally, the structural data revealed a potential functional role for the ATP ribose moiety in priming the protein for the formation of the ATP-bound pre-hydrolysis complex by influencing the conformation of one of the phosphate binding loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Jones
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac M Westwood
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom.,Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - James D Osborne
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas P Matthews
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Cheeseman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Martin G Rowlands
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Jeganathan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary Burke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Diane Lee
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Kadi
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Manjuan Liu
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Meirion Richards
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Craig McAndrew
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Norhakim Yahya
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah E Dobson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom.,Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Jones
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Collins
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom
| | - Rob L M van Montfort
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, United Kingdom.,Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
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34
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Tylophorine Analog DCB-3503 Inhibited Cyclin D1 Translation through Allosteric Regulation of Heat Shock Cognate Protein 70. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32832. [PMID: 27596272 PMCID: PMC5011780 DOI: 10.1038/srep32832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tylophorine analog DCB-3503 is a potential anticancer and immunosuppressive agent that suppresses the translation of cellular regulatory proteins, including cyclin D1, at the elongation step. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon remains unknown. This study demonstrates that DCB-3503 preferentially binds to heat shock cognate protein 70 (HSC70), which is a determinant for cyclin D1 translation by binding to the 3′-untranslated region (3′ UTR) of its mRNA. DCB-3503 allosterically regulates the ATPase and chaperone activities of HSC70 by promoting ATP hydrolysis in the presence of specific RNA binding motifs (AUUUA) of cyclin D1 mRNA. The suppression of cyclin D1 translation by DCB-3503 is not solely caused by perturbation of the homeostasis of microRNAs, although the microRNA processing complex is dissociated with DCB-3503 treatment. This study highlights a novel regulatory mechanism of protein translation with AUUUA motifs in the 3′ UTR of mRNA by HSC70, and its activity can be allosterically modulated by DCB-3503. DCB-3503 may be used to treat malignancies, such as hepatocellular carcinoma or breast cancer with elevated expression of cyclin D1.
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35
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Stetz G, Verkhivker GM. Probing Allosteric Inhibition Mechanisms of the Hsp70 Chaperone Proteins Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Analysis of the Residue Interaction Networks. J Chem Inf Model 2016; 56:1490-517. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Stetz
- Graduate
Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Department of Computational
Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Gennady M. Verkhivker
- Graduate
Program in Computational and Data Sciences, Department of Computational
Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States
- Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California 92618, United States
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36
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Cheeseman MD, Westwood IM, Barbeau O, Rowlands M, Dobson S, Jones AM, Jeganathan F, Burke R, Kadi N, Workman P, Collins I, van Montfort RLM, Jones K. Exploiting Protein Conformational Change to Optimize Adenosine-Derived Inhibitors of HSP70. J Med Chem 2016; 59:4625-36. [PMID: 27119979 PMCID: PMC5371393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b02001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
HSP70 is a molecular chaperone and a key component of the heat-shock response. Because of its proposed importance in oncology, this protein has become a popular target for drug discovery, efforts which have as yet brought little success. This study demonstrates that adenosine-derived HSP70 inhibitors potentially bind to the protein with a novel mechanism of action, the stabilization by desolvation of an intramolecular salt-bridge which induces a conformational change in the protein, leading to high affinity ligands. We also demonstrate that through the application of this mechanism, adenosine-derived HSP70 inhibitors can be optimized in a rational manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Cheeseman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Isaac M Westwood
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K.,Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Olivier Barbeau
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Martin Rowlands
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Sarah Dobson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K.,Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Alan M Jones
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Fiona Jeganathan
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Rosemary Burke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Nadia Kadi
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Ian Collins
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Rob L M van Montfort
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K.,Division of Structural Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
| | - Keith Jones
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research , London SW7 3RP, U.K
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37
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Durech M, Trcka F, Man P, Blackburn EA, Hernychova L, Dvorakova P, Coufalova D, Kavan D, Vojtesek B, Muller P. Novel Entropically Driven Conformation-specific Interactions with Tomm34 Protein Modulate Hsp70 Protein Folding and ATPase Activities. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:1710-27. [PMID: 26944342 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.058131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-chaperones containing tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains enable cooperation between Hsp70 and Hsp90 to maintain cellular proteostasis. Although the details of the molecular interactions between some TPR domains and heat shock proteins are known, we describe a novel mechanism by which Tomm34 interacts with and coordinates Hsp70 activities. In contrast to the previously defined Hsp70/Hsp90-organizing protein (Hop), Tomm34 interaction is dependent on the Hsp70 chaperone cycle. Tomm34 binds Hsp70 in a complex process; anchorage of the Hsp70 C terminus by the TPR1 domain is accompanied by additional contacts formed exclusively in the ATP-bound state of Hsp70 resulting in a high affinity entropically driven interaction. Tomm34 induces structural changes in determinants within the Hsp70-lid subdomain and modulates Hsp70/Hsp40-mediated refolding and Hsp40-stimulated Hsp70 ATPase activity. Because Tomm34 recruits Hsp90 through its TPR2 domain, we propose a model in which Tomm34 enables Hsp70/Hsp90 scaffolding and influences the Hsp70 chaperone cycle, providing an additional role for co-chaperones that contain multiple TPR domains in regulating protein homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Durech
- From the ‡Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty Kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Trcka
- From the ‡Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty Kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Man
- ¶Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth A Blackburn
- **Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - Lenka Hernychova
- From the ‡Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty Kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Dvorakova
- From the ‡Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty Kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Coufalova
- From the ‡Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty Kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Kavan
- ¶Institute of Microbiology, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic; ‖Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- From the ‡Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty Kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Petr Muller
- From the ‡Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty Kopec 7, 656 53 Brno, Czech Republic;
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38
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Mayer MP, Kityk R. Insights into the molecular mechanism of allostery in Hsp70s. Front Mol Biosci 2015; 2:58. [PMID: 26539440 PMCID: PMC4611139 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2015.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hsp70s chaperone an amazing number and variety of cellular protein folding processes. Key to their versatility is the recognition of a short degenerate sequence motif, present in practically all polypeptides, and a bidirectional allosteric intramolecular regulation mechanism linking their N-terminal nucleotide binding domain (NBD) and their C-terminal polypeptide substrate binding domain (SBD). Through this interdomain communication ATP binding to the NBD and ATP hydrolysis control the affinity of the SBD for polypeptide substrates and substrate binding to the SBD triggers ATP hydrolysis. Genetic screens for defective variants of Hsp70s and systematic analysis of available structures of the isolated domains revealed some residues involved in allosteric control. Recent elucidation of the crystal structure of the Hsp70 homolog DnaK in the ATP bound open conformation as well as numerous NMR and mutagenesis studies bring us closer to an understanding of the communication between NBD and SBD. In this review we will discuss our current view of the allosteric control mechanism of Hsp70 chaperones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Mayer
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Kityk
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ/ZMBH Alliance, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany
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39
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Natural products as probes in pharmaceutical research. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 43:249-60. [PMID: 26438431 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-015-1691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
From the start of the pharmaceutical research natural products played a key role in drug discovery and development. Over time many discoveries of fundamental new biology were triggered by the unique biological activity of natural products. Unprecedented chemical structures, novel chemotypes, often pave the way to investigate new biology and to explore new pathways and targets. This review summarizes the recent results in the area with a focus on research done in the laboratories of Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research. We aim to put the technological advances in target identification techniques in the context to the current revival of phenotypic screening and the increasingly complex biological questions related to drug discovery.
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40
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Substrate-binding domain conformational dynamics mediate Hsp70 allostery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2865-73. [PMID: 26038563 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1506692112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Binding of ATP to the N-terminal nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) molecular chaperones reduces the affinity of their C-terminal substrate-binding domain (SBD) for unfolded protein substrates. ATP binding to the NBD leads to docking between NBD and βSBD and releasing of the α-helical lid that covers the substrate-binding cleft in the SBD. However, these structural changes alone do not fully account for the allosteric mechanism of modulation of substrate affinity and binding kinetics. Through a multipronged study of the Escherichia coli Hsp70 DnaK, we found that changes in conformational dynamics within the βSBD play a central role in interdomain allosteric communication in the Hsp70 DnaK. ATP-mediated NBD conformational changes favor formation of NBD contacts with lynchpin sites on the βSBD and force disengagement of SBD strand β8 from strand β7, which leads to repacking of a βSBD hydrophobic cluster and disruption of the hydrophobic arch over the substrate-binding cleft. In turn, these structural rearrangements drastically enhance conformational dynamics throughout the entire βSBD and particularly around the substrate-binding site. This negative, entropically driven allostery between two functional sites of the βSBD-the NBD binding interface and the substrate-binding site-confers upon the SBD the plasticity needed to bind to a wide range of chaperone clients without compromising precise control of thermodynamics and kinetics of chaperone-client interactions.
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Manos-Turvey A, Brodsky JL, Wipf P. The Effect of Structure and Mechanism of the Hsp70 Chaperone on the Ability to Identify Chemical Modulators and Therapeutics. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2015_90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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