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Suhorukova AV, Tyurin AA, Pavlenko OS, Mustafayev ON, Sinelnikov IG, Goldenkova-Pavlova IV. Development of dual reporter vector system for estimating translational activity of regulatory elements. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:356. [PMID: 35864445 PMCID: PMC9306140 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For the needs of modern biotechnology, a quantitative approach to the control of regulatory elements at all stages of gene expression has long become indispensable. Such a control regime is impossible without a quantitative analysis of the role of each regulatory element or pattern used. Therefore, it seems important to modify and develop the accuracy, reproducibility, and availability of methods for quantifying the contribution of each regulatory code to the implementation of genetic information. RESULTS A new vector system for transient expression in plants is described; this system is intended for quantitative analysis of the contribution of regulatory elements to transcription and translation efficiencies. The proposed vector comprises two expression cassettes carrying reporter genes (of the Clostridium thermocellum thermostable lichenase and E. coli β-glucuronidase) under the control of different promoters. Herewith we also propose a new method for quantification of the effect of tested regulatory elements on expression, which relies on assessment of the enzyme activities of reporter proteins taking into account the transcription of their genes. CONCLUSIONS In our view, this approach makes it possible to precisely determine the amounts of reporter proteins and their transcripts at all stages of expression. The efficiency of the proposed system has been validated by the analysis of the roles of known translation enhancers at the stages of transcription and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra V. Suhorukova
- Laboratory of functional genomics, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Tyurin
- Laboratory of functional genomics, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga S. Pavlenko
- Laboratory of functional genomics, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Orkhan N. Mustafayev
- Genetic resources institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Igor G. Sinelnikov
- Laboratory of enzyme biotechnology, Federal Research Centre “Fundamentals of Biotechnology”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V. Goldenkova-Pavlova
- Laboratory of functional genomics, Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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van den Akker GGH, Zacchini F, Housmans BAC, van der Vloet L, Caron MMJ, Montanaro L, Welting TJM. Current Practice in Bicistronic IRES Reporter Use: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5193. [PMID: 34068921 PMCID: PMC8156625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bicistronic reporter assays have been instrumental for transgene expression, understanding of internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) translation, and identification of novel cap-independent translational elements (CITE). We observed a large methodological variability in the use of bicistronic reporter assays and data presentation or normalization procedures. Therefore, we systematically searched the literature for bicistronic IRES reporter studies and analyzed methodological details, data visualization, and normalization procedures. Two hundred fifty-seven publications were identified using our search strategy (published 1994-2020). Experimental studies on eukaryotic adherent cell systems and the cell-free translation assay were included for further analysis. We evaluated the following methodological details for 176 full text articles: the bicistronic reporter design, the cell line or type, transfection methods, and time point of analyses post-transfection. For the cell-free translation assay, we focused on methods of in vitro transcription, type of translation lysate, and incubation times and assay temperature. Data can be presented in multiple ways: raw data from individual cistrons, a ratio of the two, or fold changes thereof. In addition, many different control experiments have been suggested when studying IRES-mediated translation. In addition, many different normalization and control experiments have been suggested when studying IRES-mediated translation. Therefore, we also categorized and summarized their use. Our unbiased analyses provide a representative overview of bicistronic IRES reporter use. We identified parameters that were reported inconsistently or incompletely, which could hamper data reproduction and interpretation. On the basis of our analyses, we encourage adhering to a number of practices that should improve transparency of bicistronic reporter data presentation and improve methodological descriptions to facilitate data replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guus Gijsbertus Hubert van den Akker
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Federico Zacchini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (L.M.)
- Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata—CRBA, Bologna University, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bas Adrianus Catharina Housmans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Laura van der Vloet
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Marjolein Maria Johanna Caron
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Montanaro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Bologna University, I-40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.Z.); (L.M.)
- Centro di Ricerca Biomedica Applicata—CRBA, Bologna University, Policlinico di Sant’Orsola, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
- Programma Dipartimentale in Medicina di Laboratorio, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, I-40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tim Johannes Maria Welting
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Maastricht University, Medical Center+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (G.G.H.v.d.A.); (B.A.C.H.); (L.v.d.V.); (M.M.J.C.)
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Lang L, Teng Y. Using Genome-Editing Tools to Develop a Novel In Situ Coincidence Reporter Assay for Screening ATAD3A Transcriptional Inhibitors. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2138:159-166. [PMID: 32219745 PMCID: PMC8552142 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0471-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Transgene-based reporter gene assays have been used for discovery of inhibitors targeting vital gene transcription. In traditional assays, the reporter gene is commonly fused with a cloned promoter and integrated into a random genomic location. This has been widely applied but significantly dampened by disadvantages, including incomplete cis-acting elements, the influence of foreign epigenetic environments, and generation of false hits that disrupt the luciferase reporter activity. Therefore, there is a need to develop novel strategies for developing in situ reporter assays closely mimicking endogenous gene expression without disrupting its function. By employing the CRISPR-Cas9 system, we developed an effective in situ coincidence reporter system with a selection marker in the endogenous locus of ATAD3A, which provides a means of screening for transcription-targeted lead compounds with high confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Lang
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Georgia Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Imaging and Radiologic Sciences, College of Allied Health, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Dranchak P, Moran JJ, MacArthur R, Lopez-Anido C, Inglese J, Svaren J. Genome-Edited Cell Lines for High-Throughput Screening. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1755:1-17. [PMID: 29671259 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7724-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of gene expression for high-throughput screening is an increasingly used technique that has been developed for not only gene dosage disorders resulting from disease-associated copy number variations, but also for induction/repression of genes modulating the severity of a disease phenotype. Traditional methods have employed transient or stable transfection of reporter constructs in which a single reporter is driven by selected regulatory elements from the candidate gene. However, individual regulatory elements are inherently unable to capture the integrated regulation of multiple enhancers at the endogenous locus, and random reporter insertion can result in neighborhood effects that impact the physiological responsiveness of the reporter. Therefore, we outline a general method of employing genome editing to insert reporters into the 3' UTR of a candidate gene, which has been used successfully in our studies of the Pmp22 gene associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. The method employs genome editing to insert two nonhomologous reporters that maximize the efficiency of identification of biologically active molecules through concordant responses in small molecule screening. We include a number of aspects of the design and construction of these reporter assays that will be applicable to creation of similar assays in a variety of cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Dranchak
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John J Moran
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan MacArthur
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - James Inglese
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.,National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. .,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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Wang Y, Bryant SH, Cheng T, Wang J, Gindulyte A, Shoemaker BA, Thiessen PA, He S, Zhang J. PubChem BioAssay: 2017 update. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 45:D955-D963. [PMID: 27899599 PMCID: PMC5210581 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PubChem's BioAssay database (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) has served as a public repository for small-molecule and RNAi screening data since 2004 providing open access of its data content to the community. PubChem accepts data submission from worldwide researchers at academia, industry and government agencies. PubChem also collaborates with other chemical biology database stakeholders with data exchange. With over a decade's development effort, it becomes an important information resource supporting drug discovery and chemical biology research. To facilitate data discovery, PubChem is integrated with all other databases at NCBI. In this work, we provide an update for the PubChem BioAssay database describing several recent development including added sources of research data, redesigned BioAssay record page, new BioAssay classification browser and new features in the Upload system facilitating data sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Wang
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Stephen H Bryant
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Tiejun Cheng
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Jiyao Wang
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Asta Gindulyte
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Benjamin A Shoemaker
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Paul A Thiessen
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Siqian He
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
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Zhao J, Li X, Guo M, Yu J, Yan C. The common stress responsive transcription factor ATF3 binds genomic sites enriched with p300 and H3K27ac for transcriptional regulation. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:335. [PMID: 27146783 PMCID: PMC4857411 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2664-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of the common stress responsive transcription factor ATF3 has been causally linked to many important human diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, infections, and hypospadias. Although it is believed that the ATF3 transcription activity is central to its cellular functions, how ATF3 regulates gene expression remains largely unknown. Here, we employed ATF3 wild-type and knockout isogenic cell lines to carry out the first comprehensive analysis of global ATF3-binding profiles in the human genome under basal and stressed (DNA damage) conditions. Results Although expressed at a low basal level, ATF3 was found to bind a large number of genomic sites that are often associated with genes involved in cellular stress responses. Interestingly, ATF3 appears to bind a large portion of genomic sites distal to transcription start sites and enriched with p300 and H3K27ac. Global gene expression profiling analysis indicates that genes proximal to these genomic sites were often regulated by ATF3. While DNA damage elicited by camptothecin dramatically altered the ATF3 binding profile, most of the genes regulated by ATF3 upon DNA damage were pre-bound by ATF3 before the stress. Moreover, we demonstrated that ATF3 was co-localized with the major stress responder p53 at genomic sites, thereby collaborating with p53 to regulate p53 target gene expression upon DNA damage. Conclusions These results suggest that ATF3 likely bookmarks genomic sites and interacts with other transcription regulators to control gene expression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2664-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xingyao Li
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mingxiong Guo
- Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Jindan Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA. .,Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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