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Bennett JM, Narwal SK, Kabeche S, Abegg D, Thathy V, Hackett F, Yeo T, Li VL, Muir R, Faucher F, Lovell S, Blackman MJ, Adibekian A, Yeh E, Fidock DA, Bogyo M. Mixed alkyl/aryl phosphonates identify metabolic serine hydrolases as antimalarial targets. Cell Chem Biol 2024:S2451-9456(24)00308-8. [PMID: 39137783 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, remains a significant health burden. One major barrier for developing antimalarial drugs is the ability of the parasite to rapidly generate resistance. We previously demonstrated that salinipostin A (SalA), a natural product, potently kills parasites by inhibiting multiple lipid metabolizing serine hydrolases, a mechanism that results in a low propensity for resistance. Given the difficulty of employing natural products as therapeutic agents, we synthesized a small library of lipidic mixed alkyl/aryl phosphonates as bioisosteres of SalA. Two constitutional isomers exhibited divergent antiparasitic potencies that enabled the identification of therapeutically relevant targets. The active compound kills parasites through a mechanism that is distinct from both SalA and the pan-lipase inhibitor orlistat and shows synergistic killing with orlistat. Our compound induces only weak resistance, attributable to mutations in a single protein involved in multidrug resistance. These data suggest that mixed alkyl/aryl phosphonates are promising, synthetically tractable antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sunil K Narwal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Kabeche
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vandana Thathy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fiona Hackett
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tomas Yeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veronica L Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Muir
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Franco Faucher
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Scott Lovell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Blackman
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK; Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Ellen Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Ewald S, Nasuhidehnavi A, Feng TY, Lesani M, McCall LI. The intersection of host in vivo metabolism and immune responses to infection with kinetoplastid and apicomplexan parasites. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2024; 88:e0016422. [PMID: 38299836 PMCID: PMC10966954 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00164-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYProtozoan parasite infection dramatically alters host metabolism, driven by immunological demand and parasite manipulation strategies. Immunometabolic checkpoints are often exploited by kinetoplastid and protozoan parasites to establish chronic infection, which can significantly impair host metabolic homeostasis. The recent growth of tools to analyze metabolism is expanding our understanding of these questions. Here, we review and contrast host metabolic alterations that occur in vivo during infection with Leishmania, trypanosomes, Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, and Cryptosporidium. Although genetically divergent, there are commonalities among these pathogens in terms of metabolic needs, induction of the type I immune responses required for clearance, and the potential for sustained host metabolic dysbiosis. Comparing these pathogens provides an opportunity to explore how transmission strategy, nutritional demand, and host cell and tissue tropism drive similarities and unique aspects in host response and infection outcome and to design new strategies to treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ewald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology at the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Azadeh Nasuhidehnavi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Tzu-Yu Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology at the Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Mahbobeh Lesani
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Laura-Isobel McCall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
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He TY, Li YT, Liu ZD, Cheng H, Bao YF, Zhang JL. Lipid metabolism: the potential targets for toxoplasmosis treatment. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:111. [PMID: 38448975 PMCID: PMC10916224 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). The current treatment for toxoplasmosis remains constrained due to the absence of pharmaceutical interventions. Thus, the pursuit of more efficient targets is of great importance. Lipid metabolism in T. gondii, including fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, and neutral lipid metabolism, assumes a crucial function in T. gondii because those pathways are largely involved in the formation of the membranous structure and cellular processes such as division, invasion, egress, replication, and apoptosis. The inhibitors of T. gondii's lipid metabolism can directly lead to the disturbance of various lipid component levels and serious destruction of membrane structure, ultimately leading to the death of the parasites. In this review, the specific lipid metabolism pathways, correlative enzymes, and inhibitors of lipid metabolism of T. gondii are elaborated in detail to generate novel ideas for the development of anti-T. gondii drugs that target the parasites' lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yi He
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ye-Tian Li
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhen-Di Liu
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi-Feng Bao
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ji-Li Zhang
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
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Bennett JM, Narwal SK, Kabeche S, Abegg D, Hackett F, Yeo T, Li VL, Muir RK, Faucher FF, Lovell S, Blackman MJ, Adibekian A, Yeh E, Fidock DA, Bogyo M. Mixed Alkyl/Aryl Phosphonates Identify Metabolic Serine Hydrolases as Antimalarial Targets. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.11.575224. [PMID: 38260474 PMCID: PMC10802587 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.11.575224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, remains a significant health burden. A barrier for developing anti-malarial drugs is the ability of the parasite to rapidly generate resistance. We demonstrated that Salinipostin A (SalA), a natural product, kills parasites by inhibiting multiple lipid metabolizing serine hydrolases, a mechanism with a low propensity for resistance. Given the difficulty of employing natural products as therapeutic agents, we synthesized a library of lipidic mixed alkyl/aryl phosphonates as bioisosteres of SalA. Two constitutional isomers exhibited divergent anti-parasitic potencies which enabled identification of therapeutically relevant targets. We also confirm that this compound kills parasites through a mechanism that is distinct from both SalA and the pan-lipase inhibitor, Orlistat. Like SalA, our compound induces only weak resistance, attributable to mutations in a single protein involved in multidrug resistance. These data suggest that mixed alkyl/aryl phosphonates are a promising, synthetically tractable anti-malarials with a low-propensity to induce resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Bennett
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sunil K Narwal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Kabeche
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Abegg
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fiona Hackett
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Tomas Yeo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veronica L Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan K Muir
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Scott Lovell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Blackman
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Ellen Yeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David A Fidock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Malaria Therapeutics and Antimicrobial Resistance, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Brown RWB, Sharma AI, Villanueva MR, Li X, Onguka O, Zilbermintz L, Nguyen H, Falk BA, Olson CL, Taylor JM, Epting CL, Kathayat RS, Amara N, Dickinson BC, Bogyo M, Engman DM. Trypanosoma brucei Acyl-Protein Thioesterase-like (TbAPT-L) Is a Lipase with Esterase Activity for Short and Medium-Chain Fatty Acids but Has No Depalmitoylation Activity. Pathogens 2022; 11:1245. [PMID: 36364996 PMCID: PMC9693859 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic post-translational modifications allow the rapid, specific, and tunable regulation of protein functions in eukaryotic cells. S-acylation is the only reversible lipid modification of proteins, in which a fatty acid, usually palmitate, is covalently attached to a cysteine residue of a protein by a zDHHC palmitoyl acyltransferase enzyme. Depalmitoylation is required for acylation homeostasis and is catalyzed by an enzyme from the alpha/beta hydrolase family of proteins usually acyl-protein thioesterase (APT1). The enzyme responsible for depalmitoylation in Trypanosoma brucei parasites is currently unknown. We demonstrate depalmitoylation activity in live bloodstream and procyclic form trypanosomes sensitive to dose-dependent inhibition with the depalmitoylation inhibitor, palmostatin B. We identified a homologue of human APT1 in Trypanosoma brucei which we named TbAPT-like (TbAPT-L). Epitope-tagging of TbAPT-L at N- and C- termini indicated a cytoplasmic localization. Knockdown or over-expression of TbAPT-L in bloodstream forms led to robust changes in TbAPT-L mRNA and protein expression but had no effect on parasite growth in vitro, or cellular depalmitoylation activity. Esterase activity in cell lysates was also unchanged when TbAPT-L was modulated. Unexpectedly, recombinant TbAPT-L possesses esterase activity with specificity for short- and medium-chain fatty acid substrates, leading to the conclusion, TbAPT-L is a lipase, not a depalmitoylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. B. Brown
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Aabha I. Sharma
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Miguel Rey Villanueva
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xiaomo Li
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ouma Onguka
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leeor Zilbermintz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Helen Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ben A. Falk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Olson
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joann M. Taylor
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Conrad L. Epting
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rahul S. Kathayat
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Neri Amara
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bryan C. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Departments of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David M. Engman
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology-Immunology and Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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